. . "3132"^^ . "Prawo Directora"@pl . . "Loi de Director"@fr . . . . "Director's law"@en . . . "Prawo Directora stwierdza, \u017Ce wi\u0119kszo\u015B\u0107 rz\u0105dowych program\u00F3w publicznych jest zaprojektowana tak, aby skorzysta\u0142a z nich przede wszystkim klasa \u015Brednia, cho\u0107 finansowane s\u0105 z podatk\u00F3w p\u0142aconych g\u0142\u00F3wnie przez wy\u017Csze i ni\u017Csze klasy. Prawo to zosta\u0142o zaproponowane przez ekonomist\u0119 ."@pl . . . "La loi de Director est une loi \u00E9conomique selon laquelle la plupart des politiques publiques, bien que surtout destin\u00E9es aux classes moyennes, sont principalement financ\u00E9es par les imp\u00F4ts pay\u00E9es par les classes sup\u00E9rieures et les cat\u00E9gories socioprofessionnelles inf\u00E9rieures. La loi est issue d'une observation empirique r\u00E9alis\u00E9e par Aaron Director."@fr . . . . . . "Prawo Directora stwierdza, \u017Ce wi\u0119kszo\u015B\u0107 rz\u0105dowych program\u00F3w publicznych jest zaprojektowana tak, aby skorzysta\u0142a z nich przede wszystkim klasa \u015Brednia, cho\u0107 finansowane s\u0105 z podatk\u00F3w p\u0142aconych g\u0142\u00F3wnie przez wy\u017Csze i ni\u017Csze klasy. Prawo to zosta\u0142o zaproponowane przez ekonomist\u0119 . My\u015Bl\u0105 prawa Directora jest fakt, \u017Ce maj\u0105c na uwadze liczb\u0119 ludno\u015Bci i jej \u0142\u0105czne bogactwo, klasa \u015Brednia zawsze b\u0119dzie dominuj\u0105c\u0105 grup\u0105 interesu we wsp\u00F3\u0142czesnej demokracji. B\u0119dzie ona r\u00F3wnie\u017C wykorzystywa\u0142a swoje wp\u0142ywy do zmaksymalizowania liczby otrzymywanych \u015Bwiadcze\u0144 pa\u0144stwowych i jednoczesnego zminimalizowania koszt\u00F3w w\u0142asnych."@pl . "25157142"^^ . "1086451536"^^ . . . "La loi de Director est une loi \u00E9conomique selon laquelle la plupart des politiques publiques, bien que surtout destin\u00E9es aux classes moyennes, sont principalement financ\u00E9es par les imp\u00F4ts pay\u00E9es par les classes sup\u00E9rieures et les cat\u00E9gories socioprofessionnelles inf\u00E9rieures. La loi est issue d'une observation empirique r\u00E9alis\u00E9e par Aaron Director."@fr . "Director's law states that the bulk of public programs are designed primarily to benefit the middle classes, but are financed by taxes paid primarily by the upper and lower classes. The empirically derived law was first proposed by economist Aaron Director. The philosophy of Director's law is that, based on the size of its population and its aggregate wealth, the middle class will always be the dominant interest group in a modern democracy. As such, it will use its influence to maximize the state benefits it receives and minimize the portion of costs it bears."@en . . . "Director's law states that the bulk of public programs are designed primarily to benefit the middle classes, but are financed by taxes paid primarily by the upper and lower classes. The empirically derived law was first proposed by economist Aaron Director. The philosophy of Director's law is that, based on the size of its population and its aggregate wealth, the middle class will always be the dominant interest group in a modern democracy. As such, it will use its influence to maximize the state benefits it receives and minimize the portion of costs it bears. The logic for the law is developed as follows: \n* In theory, one would imagine that the most likely voting block would arise from the bottom 51 percent of society aligning to accrue benefits at the expense of the top 49 percent \n* However, the conditions that may cause people to be in the lower income stratas are the same conditions that prevent them from organizing effectively as a cohesive unit \n* Furthermore, the highest-income voters are also excluded because the value of taxing them more outweighs the contribution of their votes \n* In the absence of the lowest income voters, the middle 51 percent align to push legislation that benefit themselves at the expense of the lowest and highest strata of earners In addition, the law can explain the range of public perception of various government programs: \n* Direct welfare payments, disproportionately received by the poor, are generally maligned \n* Support of state colleges / universities and education debt forgiveness, which disproportionately affect the middle class, are very well regarded politically The law bears some resemblance to Chinese Communist theory, which stipulates similarly that Communist revolution cannot come from the uneducated proletariat (as originally stipulated by Marx et al.) for similar reasons, but instead must be ushered in by the educated classes. Milton Friedman used Director's law in his lectures to argue against the notion that governments benefited the poor at the expense of the rich."@en . . . . . . . . . .