. . . . . . . . . . "21318"^^ . . . . . . . "1120902752"^^ . . . . . . . "Elections in the Soviet Union"@en . . . . . . . "\u0412\u044B\u0431\u043E\u0440\u044B \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420"@ru . . . . . "The electoral system of the Soviet Union was varying over time, being based upon Chapter XIII of the provisional Fundamental Law of 1922, articles 9 and 10 of the 1924 Constitution and Chapter XI of the 1936 Constitution, with the electoral laws enacted in conformity with those. The Constitution and laws applied to elections in all Soviets, from the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, the Union republics and autonomous republics, through to regions, districts and towns. Voting was claimed to be secret and direct with universal suffrage. However, in practice, until 1989 voters could vote against candidates preselected by the Communist Party only by spoiling their ballots, whereas votes for the party candidates could be cast simply by submitting a blank ballot."@en . . . "\u0418\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0421\u043E\u044E\u0437\u0430 \u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438, \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044F\u0441\u044C \u043D\u0430 \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0435 XIII \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0430 1922 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044C\u044F\u0445 9 \u0438 10 \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0438 1924 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0435 XI \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0438 1936 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430, \u0432 \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044B \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u044B. \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u044B \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u043A \u0432\u044B\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0430\u043C \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0441 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0421\u043E\u044E\u0437\u0430, \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044F \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044F\u043C\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0438. \u0413\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u043E \u043E\u0431\u044A\u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043E \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u044B\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043C \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435. \u041E\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0435 \u0434\u043E 1989 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0438 \u0433\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043A\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0432\u044B\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u041A\u043E\u043C\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u0442\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0431\u044E\u043B\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043D\u044C, \u0432 \u0442\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0437\u0430 \u043A\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u043E\u0442 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E \u0431\u044B\u043B\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0432 \u043F\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0439 \u0431\u044E\u043B\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043D\u044C."@ru . . . . "Elezioni in Unione Sovietica"@it . "Le elezioni in Unione Sovietica erano a suffragio universale con voto diretto e scrutinio segreto. Potevano votare tutti i cittadini dell'URSS di et\u00E0 superiore ai 18 anni senza distinzione di sesso, nazionalit\u00E0 e stato sociale, ad eccezione di persone con infermit\u00E0 mentale o con il diritto di voto revocato da un tribunale per condanna penale. Tuttavia, dal 1922 al 1936 le elezioni pansovietiche non erano dirette e generali, poich\u00E9 i candidati al Congresso dei Soviet venivano nominati dai Soviet provinciali e repubblicani e il diritto di voto veniva garantito soltanto a chi viveva del proprio lavoro. Fino al 1988, a livello pansovietico, il Partito Comunista dell'Unione Sovietica era l'unico partito autorizzato, i deputati venivano scelti dal PCUS e dalle organizzazioni pubbliche ed eletti nell'unica lista del Blocco dei comunisti e dei senza partito."@it . . . . . . "Le elezioni in Unione Sovietica erano a suffragio universale con voto diretto e scrutinio segreto. Potevano votare tutti i cittadini dell'URSS di et\u00E0 superiore ai 18 anni senza distinzione di sesso, nazionalit\u00E0 e stato sociale, ad eccezione di persone con infermit\u00E0 mentale o con il diritto di voto revocato da un tribunale per condanna penale."@it . "The electoral system of the Soviet Union was varying over time, being based upon Chapter XIII of the provisional Fundamental Law of 1922, articles 9 and 10 of the 1924 Constitution and Chapter XI of the 1936 Constitution, with the electoral laws enacted in conformity with those. The Constitution and laws applied to elections in all Soviets, from the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, the Union republics and autonomous republics, through to regions, districts and towns. Voting was claimed to be secret and direct with universal suffrage. However, in practice, until 1989 voters could vote against candidates preselected by the Communist Party only by spoiling their ballots, whereas votes for the party candidates could be cast simply by submitting a blank ballot. A 1945 decree allowed for members of the Red Army stationed outside the Soviet Union to vote for both chambers of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (the Soviet of the Union and Soviet of Nationalities) in special 100,000-member districts. These were first enacted in the 1946 legislative elections and continued through the next decades as the Red Army continued its presence in the Eastern Bloc."@en . . . . "22411729"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0418\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0421\u043E\u044E\u0437\u0430 \u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438, \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044F\u0441\u044C \u043D\u0430 \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0435 XIII \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0430 1922 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044C\u044F\u0445 9 \u0438 10 \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0438 1924 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0435 XI \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0438 1936 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430, \u0432 \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044B \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u044B. \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u044B \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u043A \u0432\u044B\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0430\u043C \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0441 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0421\u043E\u044E\u0437\u0430, \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044F \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044F\u043C\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0438. \u0413\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u043E \u043E\u0431\u044A\u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043E \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u044B\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043C \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435. \u041E\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0435 \u0434\u043E 1989 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0438 \u0433\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043A\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0432\u044B\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u041A\u043E\u043C\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u0442\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0431\u044E\u043B\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043D\u044C, \u0432 \u0442\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0437\u0430 \u043A\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u043E\u0442 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E \u0431\u044B\u043B\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0432 \u043F\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0439 \u0431\u044E\u043B\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043D\u044C. \u0423\u043A\u0430\u0437 1945 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043B \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u043C \u041A\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0410\u0440\u043C\u0438\u0438, \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0437\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0421\u043E\u044E\u0437\u0430, \u0433\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0437\u0430 \u043E\u0431\u0435 \u043F\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0442\u044B \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 (\u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0421\u043E\u044E\u0437\u0430 \u0438 \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u041D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439) \u0432 \u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E 100 000 \u0447\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043A. \u0412\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u044D\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0438 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u044B \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u044B\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u044B \u0432 1946 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043B\u0436\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044F\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0439, \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0443 \u041A\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0410\u0440\u043C\u0438\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043B\u0436\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0412\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0431\u043B\u043E\u043A\u0435."@ru . .