"0.9"^^ . "Neotyphodium coenophialum \u00E9 um simbionte (end\u00F3fito) sist\u00E9mico e transmiss\u00EDvel por semente de Festuca arundinacea (festuca-alta), uma erva end\u00E9mica da Eur\u00E1sia e Norte de \u00C1frica, mas largamente naturalizada na Am\u00E9rica do Norte, Austr\u00E1lia e Nova Zel\u00E2ndia. A an\u00E1lise filogen\u00E9tica molecular indica que N. coenophialum \u00E9 um h\u00EDbrido interespec\u00EDfico com tr\u00EAs ancestrais: festucae, typhina e uma esp\u00E9cies n\u00E3o descrita ou extinta de Neotyphodium que tamb\u00E9m contribuiu um genoma para o end\u00F3fito h\u00EDbrido , entre outros."@pt . . . . "Neotyphodium coenophialum estas specio de fungoj el la familio klavicipitacoj kiu parazitas Schedonorus arundinaceus. \u011Ci estas ."@eo . . . . . . . "\u30A8\u30D4\u30AF\u30ED\u30A8\u30FB\u30B3\u30A8\u30CE\u30D5\u30A3\u30A2\u30E9 (Epichlo\u00EB coenophiala) \u3068\u306F\u30A8\u30D4\u30AF\u30ED\u30A8\u5C5E\u771F\u83CC\u306E\u4E00\u7A2E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30AA\u30CB\u30A6\u30B7\u30CE\u30B1\u30B0\u30B5\u306E\u5168\u8EAB\u611F\u67D3\u6027\u304B\u3064\u7A2E\u5B50\u4F1D\u64AD\u6027\u306E\u690D\u7269\u5185\u751F\u771F\u83CC\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30A6\u30B7\u30CE\u30B1\u30B0\u30B5\u5C5E\u7267\u8349(\u30D5\u30A7\u30B9\u30AF)\u306E\u4E2D\u6BD2\u75C7\u72B6\u306E\u539F\u56E0\u83CC\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3053\u306E\u4E2D\u6BD2\u75C7\u72B6\u306F\u3001\u30A8\u30D4\u30AF\u30ED\u30A8\u30FB\u30B3\u30A8\u30CE\u30D5\u30A3\u30A2\u30E9\u306B\u611F\u67D3\u3057\u305F\u7267\u8349\u3092\u98DF\u3057\u305F\u755C\u7523\u52D5\u7269\u306B\u767A\u75C7\u3059\u308B\u3002\u75C7\u72B6\u306B\u306F\u4F53\u91CD\u5897\u52A0\u7387\u306E\u6E1B\u5C11\u3001\u4F53\u6E29\u306E\u5897\u52A0\u3001\u598A\u5A20\u7387\u306E\u4F4E\u4E0B\u3001\u7121\u4E73\u75C7\u3001\u4F53\u6BDB\u306E\u8352\u308C\u3001\u8102\u80AA\u58CA\u6B7B\u75C7\u3001\u5C3E\u3068\u8033\u306E\u5782\u308C\u4E0B\u304C\u308A\u3001\u6B69\u884C\u7570\u5E38\u3001\u4E7E\u6027\u58CA\u75BD\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30D2\u30C8\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u9EA6\u89D2\u866B\u75C7\u306E\u75C7\u72B6\u3068\u985E\u4F3C\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u305F\u3081\u3001\u30D5\u30A7\u30B9\u30AF\u4E2D\u6BD2\u306E\u539F\u56E0\u7269\u8CEA\u306F\u9EA6\u89D2\u30A2\u30EB\u30AB\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9\u985E\u3001\u4E3B\u306B\u30A8\u30D4\u30AF\u30ED\u30A8\u30FB\u30B3\u30A8\u30CE\u30D5\u30A3\u30A2\u30E9\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7523\u751F\u3055\u308C\u308B\u30A8\u30EB\u30B4\u30D0\u30EA\u30F3\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u4E00\u65B9\u3067\u3001\u30A8\u30D4\u30AF\u30ED\u30A8\u30FB\u30B3\u30A8\u30CE\u30D5\u30A3\u30A2\u30E9\u306F\u5BBF\u4E3B\u306E\u751F\u9577\u3068\u30B9\u30C8\u30EC\u30B9\u8010\u6027\u3092\u5411\u4E0A\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3002\u3053\u306E\u305F\u3081\u3001\u3053\u306E\u771F\u83CC\u306B\u611F\u67D3\u3057\u305F\u30AA\u30CB\u30A6\u30B7\u30CE\u30B1\u30B0\u30B5\u306F\u751F\u7523\u6027\u304C\u9AD8\u304F\u3001\u304B\u3064\u751F\u7523\u30B3\u30B9\u30C8\u304C\u4F4E\u3044\u3002\u4E2D\u6BD2\u306E\u5371\u967A\u304C\u3042\u308B\u306B\u3082\u304B\u304B\u308F\u3089\u305A\u9700\u8981\u304C\u9AD8\u3044\u3002 \u30A8\u30D4\u30AF\u30ED\u30A8\u30FB\u30B3\u30A8\u30CE\u30D5\u30A3\u30A2\u30E9\u306E\u7523\u751F\u3059\u308B\u9EA6\u89D2\u30A2\u30EB\u30AB\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9\u985E\u306F2\u7A2E\u985E\u306B\u5927\u5225\u3055\u308C\u308B\uFF1B\u30ED\u30EA\u30F3\u30A2\u30EB\u30AB\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9\u985E\u3068\u3001\u30D4\u30ED\u30ED\u30D4\u30E9\u30B8\u30F3\u30A2\u30EB\u30AB\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9\u985E\u306E\u30DA\u30E9\u30DF\u30F3\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30ED\u30EA\u30F3\u30A2\u30EB\u30AB\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9\u985E\u306F\u5BB3\u866B\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u81F4\u6B7B\u6027\u3092\u3001\u30DA\u30E9\u30DF\u30F3\u306F\u98DF\u5BB3\u6291\u5236\u306E\u52B9\u679C\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u30A8\u30D4\u30AF\u30ED\u30A8\u30FB\u30B3\u30A8\u30CE\u30D5\u30A3\u30A2\u30E9\u306B\u611F\u67D3\u3059\u308B\u3068\u3001\u5BBF\u4E3B\u4F5C\u7269\u306E\u65F1\u9B43\u8010\u6027\u3001\u7A92\u7D20\u5229\u7528\u80FD\u3001\u30EA\u30F3\u306E\u84C4\u7A4D\u3001\u304A\u3088\u3073\u75C5\u539F\u6027\u7DDA\u866B\u3078\u306E\u62B5\u6297\u6027\u304C\u5411\u4E0A\u3059\u308B \u3002"@ja . . "\u30A8\u30D4\u30AF\u30ED\u30A8\u30FB\u30B3\u30A8\u30CE\u30D5\u30A3\u30A2\u30E9 (Epichlo\u00EB coenophiala) \u3068\u306F\u30A8\u30D4\u30AF\u30ED\u30A8\u5C5E\u771F\u83CC\u306E\u4E00\u7A2E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30AA\u30CB\u30A6\u30B7\u30CE\u30B1\u30B0\u30B5\u306E\u5168\u8EAB\u611F\u67D3\u6027\u304B\u3064\u7A2E\u5B50\u4F1D\u64AD\u6027\u306E\u690D\u7269\u5185\u751F\u771F\u83CC\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30A6\u30B7\u30CE\u30B1\u30B0\u30B5\u5C5E\u7267\u8349(\u30D5\u30A7\u30B9\u30AF)\u306E\u4E2D\u6BD2\u75C7\u72B6\u306E\u539F\u56E0\u83CC\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3053\u306E\u4E2D\u6BD2\u75C7\u72B6\u306F\u3001\u30A8\u30D4\u30AF\u30ED\u30A8\u30FB\u30B3\u30A8\u30CE\u30D5\u30A3\u30A2\u30E9\u306B\u611F\u67D3\u3057\u305F\u7267\u8349\u3092\u98DF\u3057\u305F\u755C\u7523\u52D5\u7269\u306B\u767A\u75C7\u3059\u308B\u3002\u75C7\u72B6\u306B\u306F\u4F53\u91CD\u5897\u52A0\u7387\u306E\u6E1B\u5C11\u3001\u4F53\u6E29\u306E\u5897\u52A0\u3001\u598A\u5A20\u7387\u306E\u4F4E\u4E0B\u3001\u7121\u4E73\u75C7\u3001\u4F53\u6BDB\u306E\u8352\u308C\u3001\u8102\u80AA\u58CA\u6B7B\u75C7\u3001\u5C3E\u3068\u8033\u306E\u5782\u308C\u4E0B\u304C\u308A\u3001\u6B69\u884C\u7570\u5E38\u3001\u4E7E\u6027\u58CA\u75BD\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30D2\u30C8\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u9EA6\u89D2\u866B\u75C7\u306E\u75C7\u72B6\u3068\u985E\u4F3C\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u305F\u3081\u3001\u30D5\u30A7\u30B9\u30AF\u4E2D\u6BD2\u306E\u539F\u56E0\u7269\u8CEA\u306F\u9EA6\u89D2\u30A2\u30EB\u30AB\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9\u985E\u3001\u4E3B\u306B\u30A8\u30D4\u30AF\u30ED\u30A8\u30FB\u30B3\u30A8\u30CE\u30D5\u30A3\u30A2\u30E9\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7523\u751F\u3055\u308C\u308B\u30A8\u30EB\u30B4\u30D0\u30EA\u30F3\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u4E00\u65B9\u3067\u3001\u30A8\u30D4\u30AF\u30ED\u30A8\u30FB\u30B3\u30A8\u30CE\u30D5\u30A3\u30A2\u30E9\u306F\u5BBF\u4E3B\u306E\u751F\u9577\u3068\u30B9\u30C8\u30EC\u30B9\u8010\u6027\u3092\u5411\u4E0A\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3002\u3053\u306E\u305F\u3081\u3001\u3053\u306E\u771F\u83CC\u306B\u611F\u67D3\u3057\u305F\u30AA\u30CB\u30A6\u30B7\u30CE\u30B1\u30B0\u30B5\u306F\u751F\u7523\u6027\u304C\u9AD8\u304F\u3001\u304B\u3064\u751F\u7523\u30B3\u30B9\u30C8\u304C\u4F4E\u3044\u3002\u4E2D\u6BD2\u306E\u5371\u967A\u304C\u3042\u308B\u306B\u3082\u304B\u304B\u308F\u3089\u305A\u9700\u8981\u304C\u9AD8\u3044\u3002 \u30A8\u30D4\u30AF\u30ED\u30A8\u30FB\u30B3\u30A8\u30CE\u30D5\u30A3\u30A2\u30E9\u306E\u7523\u751F\u3059\u308B\u9EA6\u89D2\u30A2\u30EB\u30AB\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9\u985E\u306F2\u7A2E\u985E\u306B\u5927\u5225\u3055\u308C\u308B\uFF1B\u30ED\u30EA\u30F3\u30A2\u30EB\u30AB\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9\u985E\u3068\u3001\u30D4\u30ED\u30ED\u30D4\u30E9\u30B8\u30F3\u30A2\u30EB\u30AB\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9\u985E\u306E\u30DA\u30E9\u30DF\u30F3\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30ED\u30EA\u30F3\u30A2\u30EB\u30AB\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9\u985E\u306F\u5BB3\u866B\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u81F4\u6B7B\u6027\u3092\u3001\u30DA\u30E9\u30DF\u30F3\u306F\u98DF\u5BB3\u6291\u5236\u306E\u52B9\u679C\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u30A8\u30D4\u30AF\u30ED\u30A8\u30FB\u30B3\u30A8\u30CE\u30D5\u30A3\u30A2\u30E9\u306B\u611F\u67D3\u3059\u308B\u3068\u3001\u5BBF\u4E3B\u4F5C\u7269\u306E\u65F1\u9B43\u8010\u6027\u3001\u7A92\u7D20\u5229\u7528\u80FD\u3001\u30EA\u30F3\u306E\u84C4\u7A4D\u3001\u304A\u3088\u3073\u75C5\u539F\u6027\u7DDA\u866B\u3078\u306E\u62B5\u6297\u6027\u304C\u5411\u4E0A\u3059\u308B \u3002 \u9EA6\u89D2\u30A2\u30EB\u30AB\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9\u985E\u306E\u7523\u751F\u3092\u50C5\u304B\u3057\u304B\u3001\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u5168\u304F\u6301\u305F\u306A\u3044\u30A8\u30D4\u30AF\u30ED\u30A8\u30FB\u30B3\u30A8\u30CE\u30D5\u30A3\u30A2\u30E9\u91CE\u751F\u682A\u3082\u5B58\u5728\u3059\u308B\u3002\u3053\u306E\u91CE\u751F\u682A\u306F\u5BB6\u755C\u306B\u3068\u3063\u3066\u7121\u5BB3\u3067\u3042\u308B \u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u5F93\u6765\u306E\u83CC\u682A\u306E\u5229\u70B9\u3082\u6709\u3059\u308B\u3002\u3053\u306E\u91CE\u751F\u682A\u3092\u611F\u67D3\u3055\u305B\u305F\u30AA\u30CB\u30A6\u30B7\u30CE\u30B1\u30B0\u30B5\u306E\u65B0\u898F\u54C1\u7A2E\u304C\u958B\u767A\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002 \u30A8\u30D4\u30AF\u30ED\u30A8\u30FB\u30B3\u30A8\u30CE\u30D5\u30A3\u30A2\u30E9\u306F\u5143\u3005\u3001\u30A2\u30AF\u30EC\u30E2\u30CB\u30A6\u30E0\u5C5E\u306B\u5206\u985E\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002\u305D\u306E\u5F8C\u3001\u7121\u6027\u4E16\u4EE3\u306E\u5F62\u614B\u5C5E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u30CD\u30AA\u30C6\u30A3\u30DB\u30C7\u30A3\u30A6\u30E0\u5C5E\u306B\u5206\u985E\u3057\u76F4\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002\u4ECA\u65E5\u3067\u306F\u3001\u5206\u5B50\u7CFB\u7D71\u89E3\u6790\u306B\u57FA\u3065\u3044\u3066\u30A8\u30D4\u30AF\u30ED\u30A8\u5C5E\u306B\u5206\u985E\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B \u3002\u30A8\u30D4\u30AF\u30ED\u30A8\u30FB\u30B3\u30A8\u30CE\u30D5\u30A3\u30A2\u30E9\u306F3\u7A2E\u306E\u7956\u5148(E. festucae\u3001E. typhina\u3001\u304A\u3088\u3073\u672A\u77E5\u83CC\u7A2E)\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u672A\u77E5\u83CC\u7A2E\u306FE. occultans\u306E\u7956\u5148\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . "Epichlo\u00EB coenophiala is a systemic and seed-transmissible endophyte of tall fescue, a grass endemic to Eurasia and North Africa, but widely naturalized in North America, Australia and New Zealand. The endophyte has been identified as the cause of the \"fescue toxicosis\" syndrome sometimes suffered by livestock that graze the infected grass. Possible symptoms include poor weight gain, elevated body temperature, reduced conception rates, agalactia, rough hair coat, fat necrosis, loss of switch and ear tips, and lameness or dry gangrene of the feet. Because of the resemblance to symptoms of ergotism in humans, the most likely agents responsible for fescue toxicosis are thought to be the ergot alkaloids, principally ergovaline produced by E. coenophiala."@en . . . . "5685"^^ . "Neotyphodium coenophialum \u00E4r en svampart som f\u00F6rst beskrevs av Morgan-Jones & W. Gams, och fick sitt nu g\u00E4llande namn av Glenn, C.W. Bacon & Hanlin 1996. Neotyphodium coenophialum ing\u00E5r i sl\u00E4ktet Neotyphodium och familjen Clavicipitaceae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life."@sv . "Neotyphodium coenophialum \u00E9s una esp\u00E8cie de fong end\u00F2fit, que es presenta com sinbiont de l'esp\u00E8cie Festuca arundinacea, una classe de po\u00E0cia present en pastures naturals i cultivats en totes les regions temperades. \u00C9s responsable de la malaltia coneguda com , que afecta els animals que consumeixen plantes de festuca, causant intoxicacions que generen greus p\u00E8rdues econ\u00F2miques, incl\u00FAs poden portar la mort dels animals."@ca . "10548862"^^ . . "Epichloe coenophiala est une esp\u00E8ce de champignons (Fungi) ascomyc\u00E8tes de la famille des Clavicipitaceae. Sa forme asexu\u00E9e, dite anamorphe, est anciennement connue sous le nom Neotyphodium coenophialum."@fr . . . . . "Epichlo\u00EB coenophiala"@en . . "Neotyphodium coenophialum \u00E9 um simbionte (end\u00F3fito) sist\u00E9mico e transmiss\u00EDvel por semente de Festuca arundinacea (festuca-alta), uma erva end\u00E9mica da Eur\u00E1sia e Norte de \u00C1frica, mas largamente naturalizada na Am\u00E9rica do Norte, Austr\u00E1lia e Nova Zel\u00E2ndia. Este end\u00F3fito foi identificado como a causa da s\u00EDndrome de toxicose da festuca que por vezes afecta o gado que pasta em ervas infectadas por N. coenophialum. Entre os sintomas poss\u00EDveis incluem-se reduzido aumento de peso, temperatura corporal elevada, fertilidade reduzida, , pelagem \u00E1spera, necrose gordurosa, coxear ou gangrena seca das patas. Devido \u00E0 sua semelhan\u00E7a com os sintomas de ergotismo em humanos, pensa-se que os agentes provavelmente respons\u00E1veis pela toxicose da festuca sejam os alcaloides ergot\u00EDnicos, sobretudo a produzida por N. coenophialum. A continuada popularidade da festuca-alta com este end\u00F3fito, apesar da toxicose epis\u00F3dica do gado, \u00E9 atribu\u00EDvel \u00E0 produtividade e toler\u00E2ncia desta planta em pastagens e campos de feno. O end\u00F3fito produz dois tipos de alcaloides, os e a , um insecticida e um dissuasor de insectos, respectivamente, e a presen\u00E7a do fungo aumenta a toler\u00E2ncia \u00E0 seca, a utiliza\u00E7\u00E3o do nitrog\u00E9nio, a aquisi\u00E7\u00E3o de fosfato, e a resist\u00EAncia aos nem\u00E1todes. Recentemente, estirpes naturais de N. coenophialum, com pouca ou nenhuma produ\u00E7\u00E3o de alcaloides ergot\u00EDnicos, foram introduzidas na festuca-alta para desenvolvimento de novos cultivares. Aparentemente estas estirpes n\u00E3o s\u00E3o t\u00F3xicas para o gado, e tamb\u00E9m fornecem alguns, mas n\u00E3o necessariamente todos, benef\u00EDcios atribu\u00EDveis \u00E0s estirpes \"t\u00F3xicas comuns\" nos cultivares de festuca-alta mais antigos. A an\u00E1lise filogen\u00E9tica molecular indica que N. coenophialum \u00E9 um h\u00EDbrido interespec\u00EDfico com tr\u00EAs ancestrais: festucae, typhina e uma esp\u00E9cies n\u00E3o descrita ou extinta de Neotyphodium que tamb\u00E9m contribuiu um genoma para o end\u00F3fito h\u00EDbrido , entre outros."@pt . . . "Epichloe coenophiala est une esp\u00E8ce de champignons (Fungi) ascomyc\u00E8tes de la famille des Clavicipitaceae. Sa forme asexu\u00E9e, dite anamorphe, est anciennement connue sous le nom Neotyphodium coenophialum. Ce champignon est proche de l'ergot du seigle. Sous sa forme anamorphe, c'est un endophyte symbionte de gramin\u00E9es. Il produit des alcalo\u00EFdes toxiques leur servant de d\u00E9fense chimique, en particulier l'ergovaline et la loline. Il peut se transmettre par les semences. La plante contamin\u00E9e ne pr\u00E9sente pas de sympt\u00F4mes ext\u00E9rieurs mais on observe un myc\u00E9lium flexueux \u00E0 l'int\u00E9rieur des organes a\u00E9riens."@fr . . "Neotypodium coenophialum"@es . . . . "Neothypodium coenophialum"@ca . . . . "Neotyphodium coenophialum \u00E4r en svampart som f\u00F6rst beskrevs av Morgan-Jones & W. Gams, och fick sitt nu g\u00E4llande namn av Glenn, C.W. Bacon & Hanlin 1996. Neotyphodium coenophialum ing\u00E5r i sl\u00E4ktet Neotyphodium och familjen Clavicipitaceae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life."@sv . . . . . "Neotyphodium coenophialum es una especie de hongo end\u00F3fito, que se presenta como sinbionte de la especie Festuca arundinacea, una especie de gram\u00EDnea presente en pastizales naturales y cultivados en todas las regiones templadas. Es responsable de la enfermedad conocida como festucosis, que afecta a los animales que consumen plantas de festuca, causando intoxicaciones que generan graves p\u00E9rdidas econ\u00F3micas y pueden llevar a la muerte de los animales.\u200B Entre los s\u00EDntomas m\u00E1s conocidas se cuentan el endurecimiento del pelo, y un comportamiento t\u00EDpico de los animales, que caminan con evidente dolor, buscan introducir sus extremidades en el agua y permanecer a la sombra. Estos \u00FAltimos s\u00EDntomas se deben a un aumento de la temperatura corporal \u2014especialmente en las extremidades\u2014 y dolores musculares y articulares, que generan bajo nivel de ingesta, y por ende bajas o nulas ganancias de peso. En casos graves causa gangrena de orejas y patas. Se trata de una enfermedad similar al ergotismo que afecta a humanos. La enfermedad es causada por alcaloides producidos por el hongo, especialmente lolina.\u200B A pesar de los recurrentes casos de festucosis, la excepcional productividad de la especie Festuca arundinacea ha sido causa de que \u00E9sta se siga cultivando como pasto forrajero, de modo que se han buscado distintos modos de controlar la difusi\u00F3n de Neotyphodium coenophialum, o a\u00FAn de evitar la producci\u00F3n de alcaloides por parte de este. Recientemente se han introducido cepas de N. coenophialum que no producen alcaloides \u2014o los producen en baja cantidad\u2014 en cultivares de alfalfa comercial, con lo que se han generado l\u00EDneas de festucas que no generan toxicidad.\u200B El end\u00F3fito genera dos clases de alcaloides, lolina y , un insecticida y repelente de insectos; ambas generan, adem\u00E1s, una aumento de la resistencia de festuca al anegamiento, mejora la tasa de utilizaci\u00F3n de nitr\u00F3geno y f\u00F3sforo y resistencia a nematodes. Esas caracter\u00EDsticas dan una importante ventaja competitiva a las plantas infectadas sobre las sanas, lo que complica el control de la enfermedad y limita el posible uso de N. coenophialum que no producen alcaloides.\u200B\u200B No obstante, a\u00FAn no se han obtenido resultados concluyentes en la investigaci\u00F3n acerca de que estas cepas provean los beneficios atribuibles a las cepas t\u00F3xicas sobre los cultivares de festuca.\u200B\u200B Recientes an\u00E1lisis filogen\u00E9ticos han concluido que N. coenophialum es un h\u00EDbrido con tres ancestros conocidos: festucae, typhina y un ancestro extinto del g\u00E9nero , que tambi\u00E9n ha contribuido al genoma de otro end\u00F3fito h\u00EDbrido, .\u200B\u200B"@es . "Neotyphodium coenophialum"@sv . . "Neotyphodium coenophialum"@eo . . "1070927996"^^ . . . . "Epichloe coenophiala"@fr . . . "*Acremonium coenophialum \n*Neotyphodium coenophialum"@en . . . . . . . "\u30A8\u30D4\u30AF\u30ED\u30A8\u30FB\u30B3\u30A8\u30CE\u30D5\u30A3\u30A2\u30E9"@ja . "Neotyphodium coenophialum es una especie de hongo end\u00F3fito, que se presenta como sinbionte de la especie Festuca arundinacea, una especie de gram\u00EDnea presente en pastizales naturales y cultivados en todas las regiones templadas. Es responsable de la enfermedad conocida como festucosis, que afecta a los animales que consumen plantas de festuca, causando intoxicaciones que generan graves p\u00E9rdidas econ\u00F3micas y pueden llevar a la muerte de los animales.\u200B"@es . "C.W. Bacon & Schardl"@en . . "Epichlo\u00EB coenophiala"@en . . . . "Neotyphodium coenophialum \u00E9s una esp\u00E8cie de fong end\u00F2fit, que es presenta com sinbiont de l'esp\u00E8cie Festuca arundinacea, una classe de po\u00E0cia present en pastures naturals i cultivats en totes les regions temperades. \u00C9s responsable de la malaltia coneguda com , que afecta els animals que consumeixen plantes de festuca, causant intoxicacions que generen greus p\u00E8rdues econ\u00F2miques, incl\u00FAs poden portar la mort dels animals. Entre els s\u00EDmptomes m\u00E9s coneguts s'expliquen l'enduriment de cabells, i un comportament t\u00EDpic dels animals, que caminen amb evident dolor, busquen introduir les seues extremitats en l'aigua i romandre a l'ombra. Aquests \u00FAltims s\u00EDmptomes es deuen a un augment de la temperatura corporal -especialment en les extremitats- i dolors musculars i articulars, que generen baix nivell d'ingesta, i per tant baix o nul guany de pes. En casos greus causa gangrena d'orelles i potes. Es tracta d'una malaltia similar a l'ergotisme que afecta humans. La malaltia \u00E9s causada per alcaloides produ\u00EFts pel fong, especialment . Malgrat els recurrents casos de festucosis, l'excepcional productivitat de l'esp\u00E8cie Festuca arundinacea ha estat causa que aquesta se seguisca cultivant com a planta farratgera, de manera que s'han buscat diferents maneres de controlar la difusi\u00F3 de N. coenophialum, o encara d'evitar la producci\u00F3 d'alcaloides per part d'aquest. Recentment s'han introdu\u00EFt soques de N. coenophialum que no produeixen alcaloides o els produeixen en baixa quantitat en cultivars d'alfals comercial, amb la qual cosa s'han generat l\u00EDnies de festuques que no generen toxicitat. L'end\u00F2fit genera dues classes d'alcaloides, lolina i , un insecticida i repel\u00B7lent de insectes, ambdues generen, a m\u00E9s, una augment de la resist\u00E8ncia de festuca a la inundaci\u00F3, millora la taxa d'utilitzaci\u00F3 de nitrogen i f\u00F2sfor, i la resist\u00E8ncia als nematodes. Aquestes caracter\u00EDstiques donen un important avantatge competitiu a les plantes infectades sobre les que no, cosa que complica el control de la malaltia i limita el possible \u00FAs de soques de N. coenophialum que no produeixen alcaloides. No obstant aix\u00F2, encara no s'han obtingut resultats concloents en la investigaci\u00F3 sobre si aquestes soques proveeixen dels beneficis atribu\u00EFbles a les soques t\u00F2xiques sobre els conreus de festuca. An\u00E0lisis filogen\u00E8tiques actuals han concl\u00F2s que N. coenophialum \u00E9s un h\u00EDbrid amb tres ancestres coneguts: , i un ancestre extint del g\u00E8nere , que tamb\u00E9 ha contribu\u00EFt al genoma d'un altre end\u00F2fit h\u00EDbrid, ."@ca . . . . "Neotyphodium coenophialum estas specio de fungoj el la familio klavicipitacoj kiu parazitas Schedonorus arundinaceus. \u011Ci estas ."@eo . . . "Epichlo\u00EB coenophiala is a systemic and seed-transmissible endophyte of tall fescue, a grass endemic to Eurasia and North Africa, but widely naturalized in North America, Australia and New Zealand. The endophyte has been identified as the cause of the \"fescue toxicosis\" syndrome sometimes suffered by livestock that graze the infected grass. Possible symptoms include poor weight gain, elevated body temperature, reduced conception rates, agalactia, rough hair coat, fat necrosis, loss of switch and ear tips, and lameness or dry gangrene of the feet. Because of the resemblance to symptoms of ergotism in humans, the most likely agents responsible for fescue toxicosis are thought to be the ergot alkaloids, principally ergovaline produced by E. coenophiala. Continued popularity of tall fescue with this endophyte, despite episodic livestock toxicosis, is attributable to the exceptional productivity and stress tolerance of the grass in pastures and hay fields. The endophyte produces two classes of alkaloids, loline alkaloids and the pyrrolopyrazine, peramine, which are insecticidal and insect deterrent, respectively, and presence of the fungus increases drought tolerance, nitrogen utilization, phosphate acquisition, and resistance to nematodes. Recently, natural strains of E. coenophiala with little or no ergot alkaloid production have been introduced into tall fescue for new cultivar development. These strains are apparently not toxic to livestock, and also provide some, but not necessarily all, of the benefits attributable to the \"common toxic\" strains in the older tall fescue cultivars. Epichlo\u00EB coniophiala was originally described as an Acremonium species and later moved to the anamorphic form genus Neotyphodium. Today, it is classified in Epichlo\u00EB. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that E. coenophiala is an interspecific hybrid with three ancestors: E. festucae, a strain from the Epichlo\u00EB typhina complex (from Poa nemoralis) and a third, undescribed or extinct species similar to the Lolium associated clade of Epichlo\u00EB baconii that also contributed a genome to the hybrid endophyte E. occultans, among others."@en . . . "Neotyphodium coenophialum"@pt . . . .