. . . . . . "L'Essai sur l'origine des langues (dont le titre complet est Essai sur l'origine des langues o\u00F9 il est parl\u00E9 de la m\u00E9lodie et de l'imitation musicale) est une \u0153uvre posthume inachev\u00E9e de Jean-Jacques Rousseau dans laquelle il r\u00E9fl\u00E9chit sur les langues et la musique, mais aussi compl\u00E8te le Discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'in\u00E9galit\u00E9 parmi les hommes. Il fut commenc\u00E9 vers 1755 mais resta inachev\u00E9 et fut publi\u00E9 par Pierre-Alexandre Du Peyrou, ex\u00E9cuteur testamentaire de Rousseau, en 1781.[1]"@fr . . "Essay on the Origin of Languages (French: Essai sur l'origine des langues) is an essay by Jean-Jacques Rousseau published posthumously in 1781. Rousseau had meant to publish the essay in a short volume which was also to include essays On Theatrical Imitation and The Levite of Ephraim. In the preface to this would-be volume, Rousseau wrote that the Essay was originally meant to be included in the Discourse on Inequality, but was omitted because it \"was too long and out of place\". The essay was mentioned in Rousseau's 1762 book, Emile, or On Education. In this text, Rousseau lays out a narrative of the beginnings of language, using a similar literary form as the Second Discourse. Rousseau writes that language (as well as the human race) developed in southern warm climates and then migrated northwards to colder climates. In its inception, language was musical and had emotional power as opposed to rational persuasion. The colder climates of the north, however, stripped language of its passionate characteristic, distorting it to the present rational form. In the later chapters, this relation is also discussed in terms of music, in ways that resonate with observations that Rousseau makes in his 1753 Letter on French Music. Chapter Nine of the Essay is an explication of the development of humankind, eventually inventing language. As this format closely adheres to that of the Second Discourse, some have discussed whether one account ought to be read as more authoritative than the other. As the text was initially written in 1754, and was sent to the publisher in 1763, it appears safe to argue that the tensions between the Essay and the Second Discourse were intentional. The third chapter of Jacques Derrida's Of Grammatology critiques and analyzes Rousseau's essay."@en . . . . . . . "Essai sur l'origine des langues (oorspronkelijke titel: Essai sur l'origine des langues o\u00F9 il est parl\u00E9 de la m\u00E9lodie et de l'imitation musicale) is een essay, geschreven door Jean-Jacques Rousseau en postuum gepubliceerd in 1781."@nl . . . . . . . "Saggio sull'origine delle lingue, in cui si parla della melodia e dell'imitazione musicale (in francese: Essai sur l'origine des langues, o\u00F9 il est parl\u00E9 de la m\u00E9lodie et de l'imitation musicale) \u00E8 il titolo di un saggio di linguistica che il filosofo ginevrino Jean-Jacques Rousseau compose tra il 1754 e il 1761 e che venne pubblicato postumo nel 1781. Vi si parla anche di musica, dal momento che Rousseau prende le mosse dall'affermazione della superiorit\u00E0 della melodia sull'armonia per sostenere (in opposizione a Condillac) che \u00E8 dalle passioni piuttosto che dai bisogni che si sono originate le lingue, e che i movimenti delle passioni possono espressi solo da suoni dal carattere melodico.Il problema dell'origine delle lingue in concomitanza con la formazione delle prime associazioni nella storia dell'uomo era stato posto da Rousseau per la prima volta nel Discorso sull'origine e i fondamenti della diseguaglianza tra gli uomini, di cui il Saggio sull'origine delle lingue costituisce per certi versi un prolungamento, pur con alcune significative differenze."@it . . "Ensaio sobre a origem das l\u00EDnguas ( em franc\u00EAs: Essai sur l'origine des langues ) \u00E9 um ensaio de Jean-Jacques Rousseau publicado ap\u00F3s sua morte, em 1781. Rousseau pretendia publicar o ensaio em um pequeno volume que tamb\u00E9m deveria incluir ensaios Sobre a imita\u00E7\u00E3o teatral e O levita de Efraim. No pref\u00E1cio deste volume do livro, Rousseau escreveu que o Ensaio foi originalmente destinado a ser inclu\u00EDdo no Discurso sobre a Desigualdade, mas foi omitido porque \"era muito longo e fora de lugar\". O ensaio foi mencionado no livro de Rousseau de 1762, Emile. Neste texto, Rousseau apresenta uma narrativa dos prim\u00F3rdios da linguagem, usando uma forma liter\u00E1ria semelhante \u00E0 do segundo discurso. Rousseau escreve que a linguagem (assim como a ra\u00E7a humana) se desenvolveu em climas quentes do Sul e depois migrou para o norte para climas mais frios. Em seu in\u00EDcio, a linguagem era musical e tinha poder emocional em oposi\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E0 persuas\u00E3o racional. Os climas mais frios do Norte, no entanto, despojaram a linguagem de sua caracter\u00EDstica apaixonada, distorcendo - a para a forma racional atual. Nos cap\u00EDtulos posteriores, essa rela\u00E7\u00E3o tamb\u00E9m \u00E9 discutida em termos de m\u00FAsica, de maneiras que ressoam com observa\u00E7\u00F5es que Rousseau faz em seu 1753 Carta sobre m\u00FAsica francesa. Cap\u00EDtulo nove do Ensaio \u00E9 uma explica\u00E7\u00E3o do desenvolvimento da humanidade, eventualmente inventando a linguagem. Como esse formato segue de perto o do segundo discurso, alguns discutiram se um relato deve ser lido como mais autorit\u00E1rio do que o outro. Como o texto foi inicialmente escrito em 1754 e enviado \u00E0 editora em 1763, parece seguro argumentar que as tens\u00F5es entre o Ensaio e o segundo discurso foi intencional. O terceiro cap\u00EDtulo do Jacques Derridade Da Grammatologia critica e analisa o ensaio de Rousseau."@pt . . "L'Essai sur l'origine des langues (dont le titre complet est Essai sur l'origine des langues o\u00F9 il est parl\u00E9 de la m\u00E9lodie et de l'imitation musicale) est une \u0153uvre posthume inachev\u00E9e de Jean-Jacques Rousseau dans laquelle il r\u00E9fl\u00E9chit sur les langues et la musique, mais aussi compl\u00E8te le Discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'in\u00E9galit\u00E9 parmi les hommes. Il fut commenc\u00E9 vers 1755 mais resta inachev\u00E9 et fut publi\u00E9 par Pierre-Alexandre Du Peyrou, ex\u00E9cuteur testamentaire de Rousseau, en 1781.[1]"@fr . . . . . "Saggio sull'origine delle lingue, in cui si parla della melodia e dell'imitazione musicale (in francese: Essai sur l'origine des langues, o\u00F9 il est parl\u00E9 de la m\u00E9lodie et de l'imitation musicale) \u00E8 il titolo di un saggio di linguistica che il filosofo ginevrino Jean-Jacques Rousseau compose tra il 1754 e il 1761 e che venne pubblicato postumo nel 1781."@it . . . "Ensaio sobre a origem das l\u00EDnguas ( em franc\u00EAs: Essai sur l'origine des langues ) \u00E9 um ensaio de Jean-Jacques Rousseau publicado ap\u00F3s sua morte, em 1781. Rousseau pretendia publicar o ensaio em um pequeno volume que tamb\u00E9m deveria incluir ensaios Sobre a imita\u00E7\u00E3o teatral e O levita de Efraim. No pref\u00E1cio deste volume do livro, Rousseau escreveu que o Ensaio foi originalmente destinado a ser inclu\u00EDdo no Discurso sobre a Desigualdade, mas foi omitido porque \"era muito longo e fora de lugar\". O ensaio foi mencionado no livro de Rousseau de 1762, Emile."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . "Essay on the Origin of Languages (French: Essai sur l'origine des langues) is an essay by Jean-Jacques Rousseau published posthumously in 1781. Rousseau had meant to publish the essay in a short volume which was also to include essays On Theatrical Imitation and The Levite of Ephraim. In the preface to this would-be volume, Rousseau wrote that the Essay was originally meant to be included in the Discourse on Inequality, but was omitted because it \"was too long and out of place\". The essay was mentioned in Rousseau's 1762 book, Emile, or On Education."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Essai sur l'origine des langues"@nl . . "Saggio sull'origine delle lingue"@it . . . "Essai sur l'origine des langues (oorspronkelijke titel: Essai sur l'origine des langues o\u00F9 il est parl\u00E9 de la m\u00E9lodie et de l'imitation musicale) is een essay, geschreven door Jean-Jacques Rousseau en postuum gepubliceerd in 1781."@nl . "3521"^^ . . . . . "Ensaio sobre a origem das l\u00EDnguas"@pt . . . . "1121210328"^^ . . . . . "Essay on the Origin of Languages"@en . "\u8BBA\u8BED\u8A00\u7684\u8D77\u6E90\uFF08\u6CD5\u8A9E\uFF1AEssai sur l'origine des langues\uFF09\u662F\u8BA9-\u96C5\u514B\u00B7\u5362\u68AD\u7684\u4F5C\u54C1\uFF0C\u6700\u521D\u5199\u4E8E1754\u5E74\uFF0C\u57281762\u5E74\u7684\u300A\u7231\u5F25\u5C14\u300B\u4E00\u4E66\u4E2D\u63D0\u53CA\uFF0C\u4F46\u76F4\u5230\u4F5C\u8005\u6B7B\u540E\u76841781\u5E74\u624D\u51FA\u7248\u3002\u5362\u68AD\u539F\u672C\u8FD8\u6253\u7B97\u5305\u62EC\u300A\u8BBA\u620F\u5267\u7684\u6A21\u4EFF\u300B\u548C\u300A\u4EE5\u6CD5\u83B2\u7684\u5229\u672A\u4EBA\u300B\u3002\u5362\u68AD\u5728\u5E8F\u8A00\u4E2D\u5199\u9053\uFF0C\u8BE5\u6587\u539F\u672C\u5305\u542B\u5728\u300A\u8BBA\u4EBA\u7C7B\u4E0D\u5E73\u7B49\u7684\u8D77\u6E90\u4E0E\u57FA\u7840\u300B\u4E2D\uFF0C\u56E0\u4E3A\u592A\u957F\u800C\u88AB\u5220\u53BB\u3002 \u5728\u8FD9\u7BC7\u6587\u7AE0\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5362\u68AD\u4F7F\u7528\u4E0E\u7B2C\u4E8C\u8BB2\u6F14\u96C6\u7C7B\u4F3C\u7684\u8BED\u8A00\u5F62\u5F0F\uFF0C\u5BF9\u8BED\u8A00\u7684\u8D77\u6E90\u8FDB\u884C\u4E86\u53D9\u8FF0\u3002\u5362\u68AD\u5199\u9053\uFF0C\u8BED\u8A00\u8D77\u6E90\u4E8E\u6E29\u6696\u7684\u5357\u65B9\uFF0C\u7136\u540E\u624D\u8FC1\u79FB\u5230\u8F83\u51B7\u7684\u5317\u65B9\u3002\u5728\u5F62\u6210\u4E4B\u521D\uFF0C\u8BED\u8A00\u662F\u97F3\u4E50\u6027\u7684\uFF0C\u5177\u6709\u60C5\u611F\u7684\u529B\u91CF\uFF0C\u800C\u975E\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8BF4\u670D\u3002\u7136\u800C\uFF0C\u5317\u65B9\u5BD2\u51B7\u7684\u6C14\u5019\u5265\u593A\u4E86\u8BED\u8A00\u7684\u6FC0\u60C5\u7279\u5F81\uFF0C\u5C06\u5176\u626D\u66F2\u4E3A\u73B0\u5728\u7684\u7406\u6027\u5F62\u5F0F\u3002 \u96C5\u514B\u00B7\u5FB7\u91CC\u8FBE\u7684\u300A\u8BBA\u6587\u5B57\u5B66\u300B\u7B2C\u4E09\u7AE0\u6279\u5224\u548C\u5206\u6790\u4E86\u5362\u68AD\u7684\u6563\u6587\u3002"@zh . . "Essai sur l'origine des langues"@fr . . . . . . . "\u8BBA\u8BED\u8A00\u7684\u8D77\u6E90"@zh . . "20249192"^^ . . . "\u8BBA\u8BED\u8A00\u7684\u8D77\u6E90\uFF08\u6CD5\u8A9E\uFF1AEssai sur l'origine des langues\uFF09\u662F\u8BA9-\u96C5\u514B\u00B7\u5362\u68AD\u7684\u4F5C\u54C1\uFF0C\u6700\u521D\u5199\u4E8E1754\u5E74\uFF0C\u57281762\u5E74\u7684\u300A\u7231\u5F25\u5C14\u300B\u4E00\u4E66\u4E2D\u63D0\u53CA\uFF0C\u4F46\u76F4\u5230\u4F5C\u8005\u6B7B\u540E\u76841781\u5E74\u624D\u51FA\u7248\u3002\u5362\u68AD\u539F\u672C\u8FD8\u6253\u7B97\u5305\u62EC\u300A\u8BBA\u620F\u5267\u7684\u6A21\u4EFF\u300B\u548C\u300A\u4EE5\u6CD5\u83B2\u7684\u5229\u672A\u4EBA\u300B\u3002\u5362\u68AD\u5728\u5E8F\u8A00\u4E2D\u5199\u9053\uFF0C\u8BE5\u6587\u539F\u672C\u5305\u542B\u5728\u300A\u8BBA\u4EBA\u7C7B\u4E0D\u5E73\u7B49\u7684\u8D77\u6E90\u4E0E\u57FA\u7840\u300B\u4E2D\uFF0C\u56E0\u4E3A\u592A\u957F\u800C\u88AB\u5220\u53BB\u3002 \u5728\u8FD9\u7BC7\u6587\u7AE0\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5362\u68AD\u4F7F\u7528\u4E0E\u7B2C\u4E8C\u8BB2\u6F14\u96C6\u7C7B\u4F3C\u7684\u8BED\u8A00\u5F62\u5F0F\uFF0C\u5BF9\u8BED\u8A00\u7684\u8D77\u6E90\u8FDB\u884C\u4E86\u53D9\u8FF0\u3002\u5362\u68AD\u5199\u9053\uFF0C\u8BED\u8A00\u8D77\u6E90\u4E8E\u6E29\u6696\u7684\u5357\u65B9\uFF0C\u7136\u540E\u624D\u8FC1\u79FB\u5230\u8F83\u51B7\u7684\u5317\u65B9\u3002\u5728\u5F62\u6210\u4E4B\u521D\uFF0C\u8BED\u8A00\u662F\u97F3\u4E50\u6027\u7684\uFF0C\u5177\u6709\u60C5\u611F\u7684\u529B\u91CF\uFF0C\u800C\u975E\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8BF4\u670D\u3002\u7136\u800C\uFF0C\u5317\u65B9\u5BD2\u51B7\u7684\u6C14\u5019\u5265\u593A\u4E86\u8BED\u8A00\u7684\u6FC0\u60C5\u7279\u5F81\uFF0C\u5C06\u5176\u626D\u66F2\u4E3A\u73B0\u5728\u7684\u7406\u6027\u5F62\u5F0F\u3002 \u96C5\u514B\u00B7\u5FB7\u91CC\u8FBE\u7684\u300A\u8BBA\u6587\u5B57\u5B66\u300B\u7B2C\u4E09\u7AE0\u6279\u5224\u548C\u5206\u6790\u4E86\u5362\u68AD\u7684\u6563\u6587\u3002"@zh .