"Valeur d'\u00E9change"@fr . "\u4EA4\u63DB\u50F9\u503C\uFF08\u82F1\u6587\uFF1AExchange value\uFF09\u5728\u653F\u6CBB\u7ECF\u6D4E\u5B66\u6307\u7684\u662F\u7576\u4E00\u7A2E\u7522\u54C1\u5728\u9032\u884C\u4EA4\u63DB\u6642\uFF0C\u80FD\u63DB\u53D6\u5230\u5176\u4ED6\u7522\u54C1\u7684\u50F9\u503C\u3002 \u4E0E\u4EBA\u7C7B\u5B66\u9886\u57DF\u7684\u5B66\u8BF4\u76F8\u53CD\uFF0C\u4EA4\u6362\u4EF7\u503C\u662F\u9A6C\u514B\u601D\u63D0\u51FA\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\u3002 \u4EA4\u63DB\u50F9\u503C\u5728\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u7684\u5B78\u8AAA\u4E2D\uFF0C\u662F\u7269\u54C1\u85C9\u8457\u4E00\u7A2E\u660E\u78BA\u7684\u7D93\u6FDF\u95DC\u4FC2\u624D\u80FD\u5920\u7522\u751F\u51FA\u7684\u50F9\u503C\uFF0C\u4E5F\u5C31\u662F\u8AAA\uFF0C\u7D93\u6FDF\u95DC\u4FC2\u4E43\u662F\u4EA4\u63DB\u50F9\u503C\u7684\u80CC\u666F\u3002\u4EA4\u63DB\u50F9\u503C\u53EA\u6709\u5728\u4E00\u500B\u7522\u54C1\u5728\u9032\u884C\u4EA4\u63DB\u6642\uFF0C\u7279\u5225\u662F\u7522\u54C1\u88AB\u4F5C\u70BA\u5546\u54C1\u5728\u7D93\u6FDF\u95DC\u4FC2\u4E2D\u51FA\u552E\u53CA\u8CFC\u8CB7\u6642\uFF0C\u624D\u5177\u6709\u610F\u7FA9\u3002\u4EA4\u6362\u4EF7\u503C\u7684\u6839\u672C\u5C5E\u6027\u662F\u4EA7\u54C1\u7684\u4F7F\u7528\u4EF7\u503C\uFF0C\u4F46\u662F\u4EA4\u6362\u4EF7\u503C\u5728\u5546\u54C1\u4EA4\u6613\u4E2D\u662F\u6839\u636E\u53CC\u65B9\u9700\u6C42\u4F1A\u53D1\u751F\u8F83\u5927\u7684\u6CE2\u52A8\u3002\u4F8B\u59821\u516C\u5347\u6C34\uFF0C\u5728\u5E73\u65F6\u548C\u65F1\u5B63\uFF0C\u5176\u4F7F\u7528\u4EF7\u503C\u662F\u4E00\u6837\u7684\uFF0C\u4F46\u662F\u4EA4\u6362\u4EF7\u503C\u7684\u53D8\u5316\u5C31\u5F88\u5927\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . "1121682648"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "\u4EA4\u6362\u4EF7\u503C"@zh . . "Valor de cambio"@es . "A l'economia pol\u00EDtica i especialment a l'economia marxista, el valor de canvi (en alemany: Tauschwert) es refereix a un dels quatre atributs principals d'una mercaderia, \u00E9s a dir, un article o servei produ\u00EFt i venut al mercat econ\u00F2mic. Els altres tres aspectes s\u00F3n Valor d'\u00FAs, Valor econ\u00F2mic, i Preu. Una mercaderia, a m\u00E9s de tenir valor d'\u00FAs, t\u00E9 un valor de canvi perqu\u00E8 el seu ideal \u00E9s \u00E9sser intercanviat per valors d'\u00FAs diferents. Per extensi\u00F3, tamb\u00E9 s'usa valor de canvi com a sin\u00F2nim de preu de mercaderia. Aix\u00ED, una mercaderia t\u00E9: \n* un valor \n* un valor d'\u00FAs (o utilitat) \n* un valor de canvi \n* un preu (podria ser un preu de venda real o un imputat preu ideal) Aquests quatre conceptes tenen una hist\u00F2ria molt llarga en el pensament hum\u00E0, des d'Arist\u00F2til fins a David Ricardo, qui el 1817 en va actualitzar els conceptes al seu llibre Sobre els principis de l'economia pol\u00EDtica i tributaci\u00F3. Progressivament es van diferenciar cada vegada m\u00E9s clarament a mesura que avan\u00E7ava el desenvolupament del comer\u00E7 comercial, per\u00F2 en gran part han estat a modernament integrats i han desaparegut de la discussi\u00F3 acad\u00E8mica com quatre conceptes diferents en l'economia moderna. Recentment, per\u00F2, amb l'adveniment de l'economia circular i les diferents formes contempor\u00E0nies de cooperaci\u00F3, l'\u00FAs diferenciat dels conceptes de valor d'un b\u00E9 torna a ser freq\u00FCent i t\u00E9 una dimensi\u00F3 pol\u00EDtica i reivindicativa."@ca . "Un valor de cambio es c\u00F3mo en el mercado, se considera una mercanc\u00EDa, a un bien econ\u00F3mico que, adem\u00E1s de poseer valor de uso posee valor de cambio porque su ideal es ser intercambiado por valores de uso diferentes. Por extensi\u00F3n, tambi\u00E9n se usa valor de cambio como sin\u00F3nimo de precio de mercanc\u00EDa. Tambi\u00E9n se le llama as\u00ED cuando no conduce a confusi\u00F3n, simplemente a un valor. El fil\u00F3sofo Arist\u00F3teles fue uno de los primeros en distinguir entre el valor de uso y el valor de cambio.\u200B\u200B"@es . 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"In political economy and especially Marxian economics, exchange value (German: Tauschwert) refers to one of the four major attributes of a commodity, i.e., an item or service produced for, and sold on the market, the other three attributes being use value, economic value, and price. Thus, a commodity has: \n* a value, represented by the socially necessary labour time to produce it (Note: the first link is to a non-Marxian definition of value); \n* a use value (or utility); \n* an exchange value, which is the proportion at which a commodity can be exchanged for other commodities; \n* a price (an actual selling price or an imputed ideal price). These four concepts have a very long history in human thought, from Aristotle to David Ricardo, and became ever more clearly distinguished as the development of commercial trade progressed, but have largely disappeared as four distinct concepts in modern economics. This entry focuses on Marx's summation of the results of economic thought about exchange-value."@en . "17048"^^ . . . "Truke-balio"@eu . "Exchange value"@en . . . "\u4EA4\u63DB\u50F9\u503C\uFF08\u82F1\u6587\uFF1AExchange value\uFF09\u5728\u653F\u6CBB\u7ECF\u6D4E\u5B66\u6307\u7684\u662F\u7576\u4E00\u7A2E\u7522\u54C1\u5728\u9032\u884C\u4EA4\u63DB\u6642\uFF0C\u80FD\u63DB\u53D6\u5230\u5176\u4ED6\u7522\u54C1\u7684\u50F9\u503C\u3002 \u4E0E\u4EBA\u7C7B\u5B66\u9886\u57DF\u7684\u5B66\u8BF4\u76F8\u53CD\uFF0C\u4EA4\u6362\u4EF7\u503C\u662F\u9A6C\u514B\u601D\u63D0\u51FA\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\u3002 \u4EA4\u63DB\u50F9\u503C\u5728\u99AC\u514B\u601D\u7684\u5B78\u8AAA\u4E2D\uFF0C\u662F\u7269\u54C1\u85C9\u8457\u4E00\u7A2E\u660E\u78BA\u7684\u7D93\u6FDF\u95DC\u4FC2\u624D\u80FD\u5920\u7522\u751F\u51FA\u7684\u50F9\u503C\uFF0C\u4E5F\u5C31\u662F\u8AAA\uFF0C\u7D93\u6FDF\u95DC\u4FC2\u4E43\u662F\u4EA4\u63DB\u50F9\u503C\u7684\u80CC\u666F\u3002\u4EA4\u63DB\u50F9\u503C\u53EA\u6709\u5728\u4E00\u500B\u7522\u54C1\u5728\u9032\u884C\u4EA4\u63DB\u6642\uFF0C\u7279\u5225\u662F\u7522\u54C1\u88AB\u4F5C\u70BA\u5546\u54C1\u5728\u7D93\u6FDF\u95DC\u4FC2\u4E2D\u51FA\u552E\u53CA\u8CFC\u8CB7\u6642\uFF0C\u624D\u5177\u6709\u610F\u7FA9\u3002\u4EA4\u6362\u4EF7\u503C\u7684\u6839\u672C\u5C5E\u6027\u662F\u4EA7\u54C1\u7684\u4F7F\u7528\u4EF7\u503C\uFF0C\u4F46\u662F\u4EA4\u6362\u4EF7\u503C\u5728\u5546\u54C1\u4EA4\u6613\u4E2D\u662F\u6839\u636E\u53CC\u65B9\u9700\u6C42\u4F1A\u53D1\u751F\u8F83\u5927\u7684\u6CE2\u52A8\u3002\u4F8B\u59821\u516C\u5347\u6C34\uFF0C\u5728\u5E73\u65F6\u548C\u65F1\u5B63\uFF0C\u5176\u4F7F\u7528\u4EF7\u503C\u662F\u4E00\u6837\u7684\uFF0C\u4F46\u662F\u4EA4\u6362\u4EF7\u503C\u7684\u53D8\u5316\u5C31\u5F88\u5927\u3002"@zh . . "\u4EA4\u63DB\u4FA1\u5024\uFF08\u3053\u3046\u304B\u3093\u304B\u3061\u3001value in exchange,exchange value\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u53E4\u5178\u6D3E\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u304A\u3088\u3073\u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u306E\u6982\u5FF5\u3067\u3001\u3042\u308B\u5546\u54C1\u306E\u4F7F\u7528\u4FA1\u5024\u304C\u305D\u306E\u4ED6\u306E\u5546\u54C1\u306E\u4F7F\u7528\u4FA1\u5024\u3068\u4EA4\u63DB\u3055\u308C\u308B\u5834\u5408\u306E\u6BD4\u7387\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002"@ja . . . "Para o marxismo, valor de troca \u00E9 medido atrav\u00E9s do tempo de trabalho socialmente necess\u00E1rio, ou seja, o tempo padr\u00E3o para produzir uma mercadoria; o que possibilitar\u00E1 a troca, por exemplo, de uma mesa por um travesseiro (diferentes quanto ao seu valor de uso) desde que o tempo de trabalho social desses produtos tenha sido o mesmo (equivalentes quanto ao seu valor de troca). Nos processos de troca de mercadorias, podemos observar produtos qualitativamente distintos, ou seja, com utilidades diferentes, sendo trocados; o valor de troca normalmente n\u00E3o \u00E9 percebido."@pt . . . "In political economy and especially Marxian economics, exchange value (German: Tauschwert) refers to one of the four major attributes of a commodity, i.e., an item or service produced for, and sold on the market, the other three attributes being use value, economic value, and price. Thus, a commodity has: These four concepts have a very long history in human thought, from Aristotle to David Ricardo, and became ever more clearly distinguished as the development of commercial trade progressed, but have largely disappeared as four distinct concepts in modern economics."@en . . "La valeur d'\u00E9change \u2014 ou prix relatif \u2014 d\u00E9finit le taux auquel une marchandise s'\u00E9change. On peut distinguer : \n* La valeur d'\u00E9change relative \u00E0 un autre bien, comme dans un syst\u00E8me de troc (essentiellement fictif, pour les besoins de la th\u00E9orie). \n* La valeur d\u2019\u00E9change dans les soci\u00E9t\u00E9s utilisant la monnaie, c'est-\u00E0-dire le prix dans une monnaie, qui sert ici d'unit\u00E9 de mesure commune, abstraite et universelle. La valeur d'usage quant \u00E0 elle est relative au besoin : elle est donc au moins partiellement subjective et fonction de la situation."@fr . . . . . "Un valor de cambio es c\u00F3mo en el mercado, se considera una mercanc\u00EDa, a un bien econ\u00F3mico que, adem\u00E1s de poseer valor de uso posee valor de cambio porque su ideal es ser intercambiado por valores de uso diferentes. Por extensi\u00F3n, tambi\u00E9n se usa valor de cambio como sin\u00F3nimo de precio de mercanc\u00EDa. Tambi\u00E9n se le llama as\u00ED cuando no conduce a confusi\u00F3n, simplemente a un valor. El fil\u00F3sofo Arist\u00F3teles fue uno de los primeros en distinguir entre el valor de uso y el valor de cambio.\u200B\u200B \"[C]ada objeto de propiedad tiene un doble uso. Ambos usos son del mismo objeto, pero no de la misma manera; uno es el propio del objeto, y el otro no. Por ejemplo, el uso de un zapato: como calzado y como objeto de cambio. Y ambos son utilizaciones del zapato. De hecho, el que cambia un zapato al que lo necesita por dinero o por alimento utiliza el zapato en cuanto zapato, pero no seg\u00FAn su propio uso, pues no se ha hecho para el cambio.\" Pol\u00EDtica, I, 1257a, 2-4 El valor de cambio es central en la teor\u00EDa del valor-trabajo, actualmente sostenida casi exclusivamente por el marxismo y algunas tendencias socialistas, y anta\u00F1o por las corrientes de la econom\u00EDa pol\u00EDtica inglesa y los . En cambio, la teor\u00EDa del valor subjetivo, sostenida actualmente por la casi totalidad de las escuelas y tendencias liberales, no considera relevante el concepto y lo ha dejado mayormente de lado, fundamentalmente debido a que no existe en dicha teor\u00EDa una diferencia importante entre valor de uso (utilidad) y valor de cambio (costo)."@es . . . . . "La valeur d'\u00E9change \u2014 ou prix relatif \u2014 d\u00E9finit le taux auquel une marchandise s'\u00E9change. On peut distinguer : \n* La valeur d'\u00E9change relative \u00E0 un autre bien, comme dans un syst\u00E8me de troc (essentiellement fictif, pour les besoins de la th\u00E9orie). \n* La valeur d\u2019\u00E9change dans les soci\u00E9t\u00E9s utilisant la monnaie, c'est-\u00E0-dire le prix dans une monnaie, qui sert ici d'unit\u00E9 de mesure commune, abstraite et universelle. La valeur d'usage quant \u00E0 elle est relative au besoin : elle est donc au moins partiellement subjective et fonction de la situation."@fr . . . "Truke-balioa ondasun edo zerbitzu baten balio ekonomikoaren estimazioa, beste ondasun edo zerbitzu baten truke aldatzeko aukeraren arabera. Hedaduraz, truke-balioa ere salgai baten prezioaren sinonimo gisa erabiltzen dute. Truke-balioa funtsezkoa da balorazio-lanaren teorian; gaur egun, marxistek eta sozialista batzuek baino ez dute eusten teoria hori, eta, antzina, Ingalaterrako ekonomia politikoaren korronteak eta sozialista neoricardianoak aldekoak ziren. Aitzitik, balio subjektiboaren teoriak, gaur egun eskola eta joera liberal ia guztiek eusten diotenak, ez du garrantzitsutzat jotzen kontzeptua, eta alde batera utzi du gehienbat, teoria horretan erabilera-balioaren (erabilgarritasuna) eta truke-balioaren (kostua) artean alde handirik ez dagoelako."@eu . "\u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062F\u0644\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . "Tauschwert"@de . "En politika ekonomio kaj speciale Marksisma ekonomiko, \u015Dan\u011Dvaloro (germane: Tauschwert) referencas al unu el kvar \u0109efaj atributoj de varo, t.e., a\u0135o a\u016D servo produktita por, kaj vendata en la merkato. La aliaj tri aspektoj estas uzvaloro, ekonomia valoro, kaj prezo. Tiele, varo havas: \n* ekonomian valoron (nome ne-marksisma difino de valoro); \n* uzvaloro (a\u016D utileco); \n* a\u016D \u015Dan\u011Dvaloro; \n* prezo (povus temi pri fakta vendoprezo a\u016D atribuata ideala prezo). Tiuj kvar konceptoj havas tre longan historion en la homa sciaro, el Aristotelo al David Ricardo, kaj i\u011Dis multe pli klare distingita dum la disvolvigo de komerco progresis sed malaperis kiel kvar distingaj konceptoj en moderna ekonomiko. Tiu koncepto fokusas en la resumo fare de Markso pri la rezultoj de la ekonomika sciaro pri \u015Dan\u011Dvaloro."@eo . . "\u015Can\u011Dvaloro"@eo . . . "Valor de troca"@pt . . "\u4EA4\u63DB\u4FA1\u5024\uFF08\u3053\u3046\u304B\u3093\u304B\u3061\u3001value in exchange,exchange value\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u53E4\u5178\u6D3E\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u304A\u3088\u3073\u30DE\u30EB\u30AF\u30B9\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u306E\u6982\u5FF5\u3067\u3001\u3042\u308B\u5546\u54C1\u306E\u4F7F\u7528\u4FA1\u5024\u304C\u305D\u306E\u4ED6\u306E\u5546\u54C1\u306E\u4F7F\u7528\u4FA1\u5024\u3068\u4EA4\u63DB\u3055\u308C\u308B\u5834\u5408\u306E\u6BD4\u7387\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002"@ja . "\u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064A\u060C \u062A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062F\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062D\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064A\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629\u060C \u0623\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u062F\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062F\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062D \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u064A\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064A\u0647. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649\u060C \u0641\u0647\u064A \u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062B\u0645\u060C \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u062A\u062A\u0645\u064A\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629: \n* \u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 (\u064A\u064F\u0631\u062C\u064E\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062A\u0639\u0631\u064A\u0641 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629) \n* \u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629) \n* \u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062F\u0644\u0629 \n* \u0633\u0639\u0631 (\u0648\u0642\u062F \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u064A\u0639 \u062D\u0642\u064A\u0642\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u0631\u064B\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C\u064A\u064B\u0627)"@ar . "Als Tauschwert bezeichnet man in der Wirtschaft das Verh\u00E4ltnis, in welchem Waren auf M\u00E4rkten, im Tauschhandel oder bei Tauschvertr\u00E4gen gegeneinander ausgetauscht werden. Den Tauschwerten liegen dabei die Warenwerte zugrunde."@de . . "original research and almost no sources?"@en . . "Truke-balioa ondasun edo zerbitzu baten balio ekonomikoaren estimazioa, beste ondasun edo zerbitzu baten truke aldatzeko aukeraren arabera. Hedaduraz, truke-balioa ere salgai baten prezioaren sinonimo gisa erabiltzen dute."@eu . . . . . . . "September 2022"@en . . "843189"^^ . . . "Para o marxismo, valor de troca \u00E9 medido atrav\u00E9s do tempo de trabalho socialmente necess\u00E1rio, ou seja, o tempo padr\u00E3o para produzir uma mercadoria; o que possibilitar\u00E1 a troca, por exemplo, de uma mesa por um travesseiro (diferentes quanto ao seu valor de uso) desde que o tempo de trabalho social desses produtos tenha sido o mesmo (equivalentes quanto ao seu valor de troca). Nos processos de troca de mercadorias, podemos observar produtos qualitativamente distintos, ou seja, com utilidades diferentes, sendo trocados; o valor de troca normalmente n\u00E3o \u00E9 percebido."@pt . . . . "A l'economia pol\u00EDtica i especialment a l'economia marxista, el valor de canvi (en alemany: Tauschwert) es refereix a un dels quatre atributs principals d'una mercaderia, \u00E9s a dir, un article o servei produ\u00EFt i venut al mercat econ\u00F2mic. Els altres tres aspectes s\u00F3n Valor d'\u00FAs, Valor econ\u00F2mic, i Preu. Una mercaderia, a m\u00E9s de tenir valor d'\u00FAs, t\u00E9 un valor de canvi perqu\u00E8 el seu ideal \u00E9s \u00E9sser intercanviat per valors d'\u00FAs diferents. Per extensi\u00F3, tamb\u00E9 s'usa valor de canvi com a sin\u00F2nim de preu de mercaderia. Aix\u00ED, una mercaderia t\u00E9:"@ca . . "Als Tauschwert bezeichnet man in der Wirtschaft das Verh\u00E4ltnis, in welchem Waren auf M\u00E4rkten, im Tauschhandel oder bei Tauschvertr\u00E4gen gegeneinander ausgetauscht werden. Den Tauschwerten liegen dabei die Warenwerte zugrunde."@de . . . "Valor de canvi"@ca . . . "\u4EA4\u63DB\u4FA1\u5024"@ja . . . . . "En politika ekonomio kaj speciale Marksisma ekonomiko, \u015Dan\u011Dvaloro (germane: Tauschwert) referencas al unu el kvar \u0109efaj atributoj de varo, t.e., a\u0135o a\u016D servo produktita por, kaj vendata en la merkato. La aliaj tri aspektoj estas uzvaloro, ekonomia valoro, kaj prezo. Tiele, varo havas: \n* ekonomian valoron (nome ne-marksisma difino de valoro); \n* uzvaloro (a\u016D utileco); \n* a\u016D \u015Dan\u011Dvaloro; \n* prezo (povus temi pri fakta vendoprezo a\u016D atribuata ideala prezo)."@eo .