. . . . "Esplorazione della Luna"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Penjelajahan Bulan secara fisik dimulai sejak misi Luna 2, sebuah wahana antariksa yang diluncurkan oleh Uni Soviet, mencapai permukaan Bulan pada 14 September 1959. Sebelumnya, satu-satunya sarana penjelajahan hanyalah melalui pengamatan atau pengamatan. Penyiptaan teleskop optik membawa lompatan besar pada kualitas pengamatan bulan. Galileo Galilei umumnya dianggap sebagai orang pertama yang menggunakan suatu teleskop untuk keperluan astronomis. Ia membuat teleskopnya sendiri pada 1609 dan menggunakannya untuk mengamati gunung dan kawah pada permukaan bulan."@in . . . . . . . . "\u6708\u7403\u63A2\u6D4B\uFF0C\u7B80\u79F0\u201C\u63A2\u6708\u201D\uFF0C\u7279\u6307\u4EBA\u7C7B\u5BF9\u6708\u7403\u7684\u63A2\u67E5\u548C\u89C2\u6D4B\u7B49\u7814\u7A76\u884C\u4E3A\u3002\u4EBA\u7C7B\u5BF9\u6708\u7403\u7684\u9996\u6B21\u7269\u7406\u63A2\u7D22\u59CB\u4E8E1959\u5E749\u670814\u65E5\u7531\u82CF\u8054\u53D1\u5C04\u7684\u6708\u7403\u649E\u51FB\u63A2\u6D4B\u5668\u201C\u6708\u74032\u53F7\u201D\u649E\u51FB\u6708\u7403\u8868\u9762\uFF0C\u6B64\u524D\u552F\u4E00\u53EF\u7528\u7684\u63A2\u6D4B\u624B\u6BB5\u662F\u4ECE\u5730\u7403\u4E0A\u8FDB\u884C\u8FDC\u7A0B\u89C2\u5BDF\u3002\u5149\u5B66\u671B\u8FDC\u955C\u7684\u53D1\u660E\u7ED9\u6708\u7403\u89C2\u6D4B\u7684\u8D28\u91CF\u548C\u6C34\u5E73\u5E26\u6765\u4E86\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u91CD\u5927\u98DE\u8DC3\u3002\u4F3D\u5229\u7565\u901A\u5E38\u88AB\u8BA4\u4E3A\u662F\u7B2C\u4E00\u4E2A\u5C06\u671B\u8FDC\u955C\u7528\u4E8E\u5929\u6587\u76EE\u7684\u7684\u4EBA\uFF0C\u4ED6\u57281609\u5E74\u5236\u9020\u4E86\u81EA\u5DF1\u7684\u671B\u8FDC\u955C\u540E\u9996\u6B21\u8BE6\u7EC6\u5730\u89C2\u5BDF\u4E86\u6708\u7403\u8868\u9762\u7684\u5C71\u8109\u548C\u9668\u77F3\u5751\u3002 \u7F8E\u56FD\u5B87\u822A\u5C40\u7684\u963F\u6CE2\u7F57\u8BA1\u5212\u662F\u8FC4\u4ECA\u4E3A\u6B62\u552F\u4E00\u4E00\u4E2A\u6210\u529F\u5C06\u4EBA\u7C7B\u9001\u4E0A\u6708\u7403\u7684\u6708\u7403\u63A2\u6D4B\u8BA1\u5212\u8BA1\u5212\uFF0C\u5B83\u66FE\u8FDB\u884C\u8FC7\u516D\u6B21\u6210\u529F\u7684\u8F7D\u4EBA\u767B\u6708\u3002\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u7740\u9646\u53D1\u751F\u57281969\u5E74\uFF0C\u5F53\u65F6\u4E24\u540D\u963F\u6CE2\u7F5711\u53F7\u5B87\u822A\u5458\u653E\u7F6E\u4E86\u79D1\u5B66\u4EEA\u5668\u5E76\u5C06\u6708\u7403\u6837\u672C\u8FD4\u56DE\u5730\u7403\u3002 2019\u5E74\u521D\uFF0C\u4E2D\u56FD\u5236\u9020\u7684\u5AE6\u5A25\u56DB\u53F7\u6708\u7403\u63A2\u6D4B\u5668\u5B8C\u6210\u4E86\u4EBA\u7C7B\u63A2\u6D4B\u5668\u5728\u6708\u7403\u80CC\u9762\u7684\u9996\u6B21\u65E0\u4EBA\u7740\u9646\uFF0C\u540C\u65F6\u6210\u529F\u5728\u6708\u8868\u90E8\u7F72\u4E86\u4EBA\u7C7B\u9996\u4E2A\u6708\u80CC\u5DE1\u89C6\u5668\u7389\u5154\u4E8C\u53F7\u6708\u7403\u8F66\u3002"@zh . . . "Penjelajahan Bulan"@in . . . . . "Utforskningen av m\u00E5nen \u00E4r m\u00E4nniskans utforskande, p\u00E5 distans eller via m\u00E5nf\u00E4rder (m\u00E5nresor), av jordens st\u00F6rsta satellit."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0414\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0301\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u041C\u0456\u0301\u0441\u044F\u0446\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442\u044C \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E\u044E \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0456\u0437 \u0417\u0435\u043C\u043B\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0437 \u043E\u0440\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u0441\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u044C\u043E \u043D\u0430 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043D\u0456 (\u044F\u043A \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0430\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0456 \u043F\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044F\u043C\u0438)."@uk . . . . . "Exploraci\u00F3 de la Lluna"@ca . "\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Exploraci\u00F3n de la Luna"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u6708\u7403\u63A2\u6D4B"@zh . . "Exploration of the Moon"@en . "L'esplorazione della Luna \u00E8 avvenuta sia attraverso sonde robotiche, sia direttamente tramite equipaggi umani. La prima missione per l'esplorazione della Luna \u00E8 stata la sonda Luna 1 lanciata dall'Unione Sovietica nel 1959 nell'ambito del Programma Luna. La missione esegu\u00EC un sorvolo ravvicinato del satellite, ma \"manc\u00F2\" la superficie, obiettivo che venne raggiunto il 13 settembre 1959 dalla successiva Luna 2. Nell'ottobre del 1959 la sonda sovietica Luna 3 ottenne la prima immagine della faccia nascosta. Sempre all'Unione Sovietica spetta il primato del primo lander (Luna 9, 1966) e del primo orbiter (Luna 10, 1966). Gli Stati Uniti risposero con i Programmi Pioneer e Ranger e, grazie al Programma Apollo, riuscirono con l'Apollo 11 a compiere il 20 luglio 1969 il primo atterraggio umano s"@it . . . . . . . . . . . "Utforskningen av m\u00E5nen \u00E4r m\u00E4nniskans utforskande, p\u00E5 distans eller via m\u00E5nf\u00E4rder (m\u00E5nresor), av jordens st\u00F6rsta satellit."@sv . . . . "\uB2EC \uD0D0\uC0AC(\uC601\uC5B4: exploration of the Moon)\uB294 \uB2EC\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uD638\uAE30\uC2EC\uC740 \uC778\uAC04\uC774 \uBC24\uD558\uB298\uC744 \uC62C\uB824\uB2E4\uBCF4\uB358 \uACFC\uAC70\uBD80\uD130 \uC2DC\uC791\uB418\uC5C8\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uBB3C\uB9AC\uC801\uC778 \uD0D0\uC0AC\uB294 1959\uB144 \uC18C\uB828\uC758 \uB8E8\uB098 2\uD638\uB85C \uC2DC\uC791\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. 1969\uB144\uC5D0\uB294 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uC544\uD3F4\uB85C 11\uD638\uAC00 \uCD5C\uCD08\uB85C \uC720\uC778 \uB2EC \uCC29\uB959\uC5D0 \uC131\uACF5\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC9C0\uAE08\uB3C4 \uD0D0\uC0AC\uC120\uC744 \uD1B5\uD55C \uB2EC \uD0D0\uC0AC\uB294 \uD65C\uBC1C\uD788 \uC9C4\uD589\uB418\uACE0 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70, \uC77C\uBCF8, \uC911\uAD6D, \uC778\uB3C4\uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uC2E0\uD765 \uC6B0\uC8FC\uAC1C\uBC1C\uAD6D\uC758 \uD0D0\uC0AC\uAC00 \uB450\uB4DC\uB7EC\uC9C0\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . "A explora\u00E7\u00E3o f\u00EDsica da Lua come\u00E7ou quando a Luna 2, uma sonda espacial lan\u00E7ada pela Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica, fez um impacto na superf\u00EDcie da Lua em 14 de setembro de 1959. Antes disso, o \u00FAnico meio de explora\u00E7\u00E3o dispon\u00EDvel era a observa\u00E7\u00E3o da Terra. A inven\u00E7\u00E3o do telesc\u00F3pio \u00F3ptico trouxe o primeiro salto na qualidade das observa\u00E7\u00F5es lunares. Galileo Galilei \u00E9 geralmente considerado a primeira pessoa a usar um telesc\u00F3pio para fins astron\u00F4micos; tendo feito seu pr\u00F3prio telesc\u00F3pio em 1609, os montes e crateras na superf\u00EDcie lunar estavam entre suas primeiras observa\u00E7\u00F5es."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "V\u00FDzkum M\u011Bs\u00EDce po stalet\u00EDch pozorov\u00E1n\u00ED ze Zem\u011B za\u010Dal se sov\u011Btskou sondou Luna 2, kter\u00E1 dopadla na povrch M\u011Bs\u00EDce v roce 1959. Ale u\u017E vyn\u00E1lez dalekohledu p\u0159inesl skok v kvalit\u011B pozorov\u00E1n\u00ED. Obecn\u011B se soud\u00ED, \u017Ee Galileo Galilei jako prvn\u00ED pou\u017Eil dalekohled pro astronomick\u00E9 \u00FA\u010Dely. V roce 1609 objevil na M\u011Bs\u00EDci kr\u00E1tery a hory. Zat\u00EDm jedin\u00ED lid\u00E9 na M\u011Bs\u00EDci p\u0159ist\u00E1li v r\u00E1mci programu Apollo a prvn\u00ED p\u0159ist\u00E1n\u00ED se uskute\u010Dnilo v \u010Dervenci 1969."@cs . . . . . "L'esplorazione della Luna \u00E8 avvenuta sia attraverso sonde robotiche, sia direttamente tramite equipaggi umani. La prima missione per l'esplorazione della Luna \u00E8 stata la sonda Luna 1 lanciata dall'Unione Sovietica nel 1959 nell'ambito del Programma Luna. La missione esegu\u00EC un sorvolo ravvicinato del satellite, ma \"manc\u00F2\" la superficie, obiettivo che venne raggiunto il 13 settembre 1959 dalla successiva Luna 2. Nell'ottobre del 1959 la sonda sovietica Luna 3 ottenne la prima immagine della faccia nascosta. Sempre all'Unione Sovietica spetta il primato del primo lander (Luna 9, 1966) e del primo orbiter (Luna 10, 1966). Gli Stati Uniti risposero con i Programmi Pioneer e Ranger e, grazie al Programma Apollo, riuscirono con l'Apollo 11 a compiere il 20 luglio 1969 il primo atterraggio umano sulla superficie della Luna. Durante le missioni Apollo furono raccolti e portati sulla Terra 381,7 kg di campioni del suolo e delle rocce lunari. Nonostante il successo delle missioni Apollo, l'interesse dell'opinione pubblica statunitense per l'esplorazione lunare cal\u00F2 notevolmente e ci\u00F2 determin\u00F2 l'interruzione anticipata del Programma Apollo e la cessazione di missioni dedicate esplicitamente all'esplorazione della Luna. Il processo di esplorazione \u00E8 ripreso nel 1990 con la prima missione giapponese, Hiten, seguita nel 1994 dalla statunitense Clementine. Proprio l'individuazione di possibili tracce di ghiaccio d'acqua in prossimit\u00E0 dei poli lunari da parte di quest'ultima ha generato un rinnovato interesse per la Luna che negli anni duemila ha condotto al lancio di missioni lunari da parte delle agenzie spaziali statunitense, europea, giapponese, cinese e indiana. La Cina, la Russia e gli Stati Uniti, inoltre, hanno reso noto di voler riportare un equipaggio umano sulla superficie lunare e di valutare l'opportunit\u00E0 di stabilirvi una base di ricerca permanente."@it . . "The physical exploration of the Moon began when Luna 2, a space probe launched by the Soviet Union, made an impact on the surface of the Moon on September 14, 1959. Prior to that the only available means of exploration had been observation from Earth. The invention of the optical telescope brought about the first leap in the quality of lunar observations. Galileo Galilei is generally credited as the first person to use a telescope for astronomical purposes; having made his own telescope in 1609, the mountains and craters on the lunar surface were among his first observations using it. NASA's Apollo program was the only program to successfully land humans on the Moon, which it did six times. The first landing took place in 1969, when two Apollo 11 astronauts placed scientific instruments and returned lunar samples to Earth. The first unmanned landing on the far side of the Moon was made by the Chinese spacecraft Chang'e 4 in early 2019, which successfully deployed the Yutu-2 lunar rover."@en . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u064A\u0647\u062F\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0627\u0631 \u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062D\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062B\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062A\u0642\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062B\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060C \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062C \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062D\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0623\u062C\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062B\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064A 1968 \u06481972\u060C \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062F\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018. \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u0627\u062A\u064A \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0639\u062B\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064A 1959 \u06481976 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062C\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060C \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062B\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062F 1970\u060C \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0639\u062F\u0645 \u062A\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062E\u060C \u0648\u062A\u062E\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u0627\u062A\u064A \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F \u0646\u062C\u062D\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0639\u062B\u0627\u062A \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062C\u0627\u062D \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064A. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646 \u0644\u062F\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064A 2020\u060C \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062D\u0644 \u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0633\u062A\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u062D\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u062F\u0648\u0631\u0623 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064B \u0643\u0645\u062D\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . "La exploraci\u00F3n espacial de la Luna comenz\u00F3 cuando Luna 2, una sonda espacial lanzada por la Uni\u00F3n Sovi\u00E9tica, impact\u00F3 en la superficie de la Luna el 14 de septiembre de 1959. Hasta entonces, el \u00FAnico medio de exploraci\u00F3n disponible era la observaci\u00F3n desde la Tierra. La invenci\u00F3n del telescopio \u00F3ptico supuso el primer salto de calidad en las observaciones lunares. Galileo Galilei es generalmente reconocido como la primera persona que utiliz\u00F3 un telescopio con fines astron\u00F3micos; habiendo fabricado su propio telescopio en 1609, las monta\u00F1as y cr\u00E1teres de la superficie lunar fueron algunas de sus primeras observaciones con \u00E9l. El programa Apolo de la NASA fue el \u00FAnico que consigui\u00F3 hacer aterrizar seres humanos en la Luna, lo que hizo en seis ocasiones. El primer aterrizaje tuvo lugar en 1969, cuando dos astronautas del Apolo 11 colocaron instrumentos cient\u00EDficos y devolvieron muestras lunares a la Tierra. El primer aterrizaje no tripulado en la cara oculta de la Luna lo realiz\u00F3 la nave china Chang'e 4 a principios de 2019, que despleg\u00F3 con \u00E9xito el rover lunar Yutu-2."@es . . . "\uB2EC \uD0D0\uC0AC(\uC601\uC5B4: exploration of the Moon)\uB294 \uB2EC\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uD638\uAE30\uC2EC\uC740 \uC778\uAC04\uC774 \uBC24\uD558\uB298\uC744 \uC62C\uB824\uB2E4\uBCF4\uB358 \uACFC\uAC70\uBD80\uD130 \uC2DC\uC791\uB418\uC5C8\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uBB3C\uB9AC\uC801\uC778 \uD0D0\uC0AC\uB294 1959\uB144 \uC18C\uB828\uC758 \uB8E8\uB098 2\uD638\uB85C \uC2DC\uC791\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. 1969\uB144\uC5D0\uB294 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uC544\uD3F4\uB85C 11\uD638\uAC00 \uCD5C\uCD08\uB85C \uC720\uC778 \uB2EC \uCC29\uB959\uC5D0 \uC131\uACF5\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC9C0\uAE08\uB3C4 \uD0D0\uC0AC\uC120\uC744 \uD1B5\uD55C \uB2EC \uD0D0\uC0AC\uB294 \uD65C\uBC1C\uD788 \uC9C4\uD589\uB418\uACE0 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70, \uC77C\uBCF8, \uC911\uAD6D, \uC778\uB3C4\uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uC2E0\uD765 \uC6B0\uC8FC\uAC1C\uBC1C\uAD6D\uC758 \uD0D0\uC0AC\uAC00 \uB450\uB4DC\uB7EC\uC9C0\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . 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"4453559"^^ . . . "En astron\u00E0utica, les missions lunars s\u00F3n les que tenen per objectiu l'exploraci\u00F3 de la Lluna. Es poden classificar en missions tripulades i missions no tripulades. La que va tenir m\u00E9s ress\u00F2 mundial va ser l'Apollo 11, una missi\u00F3 nord-americana que va portar per primera vegada homes a la superf\u00EDcie de la Lluna. L'astronauta nord-americ\u00E0 Neil Armstrong va ser el primer \u00E9sser hum\u00E0 que, a les 03:56 (hora catalana) del 21 de juliol de 1969, posava el peu a la Lluna. El primer intent d'enviar un giny espacial a la Lluna va tenir lloc el 17 d'agost de 1958, quan la sonda nord-americana Pioneer 0 va explotar durant la fase de llan\u00E7ament. La primera missi\u00F3 que va aconseguir arribar a l'\u00F2rbita de la Lluna va ser la sonda sovi\u00E8tica Lunik 1, el gener de 1959. Entre les primeres missions hi va haver un gran nombre de fracassos, donada la gran dificultat que implicava aconseguir donar a les sondes la velocitat necess\u00E0ria per escapar de l'atracci\u00F3 gravitat\u00F2ria de la Terra. A m\u00E9s, un cop la sonda havia estat llan\u00E7ada amb \u00E8xit, hi havia el problema de controlar la seva traject\u00F2ria en tot moment per evitar o b\u00E9 que es perd\u00E9s en l'espai o que acab\u00E9s xocant contra la Lluna o la Terra. Les missions lunars van ser una de les parts m\u00E9s importants del que es coneix com a \"carrera espacial\", la competici\u00F3 informal entre els Estats Units i la Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica que va durar des de finals dels anys 50 fins a principis dels 70, per aconseguir dominar el vol de coets i l'exploraci\u00F3 espacial. Les futures missions podrien tenir com a objectiu preparar el terreny per a una eventual colonitzaci\u00F3 de la Lluna."@ca . . . . . "La exploraci\u00F3n espacial de la Luna comenz\u00F3 cuando Luna 2, una sonda espacial lanzada por la Uni\u00F3n Sovi\u00E9tica, impact\u00F3 en la superficie de la Luna el 14 de septiembre de 1959. Hasta entonces, el \u00FAnico medio de exploraci\u00F3n disponible era la observaci\u00F3n desde la Tierra. La invenci\u00F3n del telescopio \u00F3ptico supuso el primer salto de calidad en las observaciones lunares. Galileo Galilei es generalmente reconocido como la primera persona que utiliz\u00F3 un telescopio con fines astron\u00F3micos; habiendo fabricado su propio telescopio en 1609, las monta\u00F1as y cr\u00E1teres de la superficie lunar fueron algunas de sus primeras observaciones con \u00E9l."@es . . . "Exploration de la Lune"@fr . . . . . . . . . "\u0414\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u041C\u0456\u0441\u044F\u0446\u044F"@uk . . . "Explora\u00E7\u00E3o da Lua"@pt . . . . . "\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u064A\u0647\u062F\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0627\u0631 \u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062D\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062B\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062A\u0642\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062B\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060C \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062C \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062D\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0623\u062C\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062B\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064A 1968 \u06481972\u060C \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062F\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018. \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u0627\u062A\u064A \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0639\u062B\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064A 1959 \u06481976 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062C\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060C \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062B\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062F 1970\u060C \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0639\u062F\u0645 \u062A\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062E\u060C \u0648\u062A\u062E\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u0627\u062A\u064A \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F \u0646\u062C\u062D\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0639\u062B\u0627\u062A \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062C\u0627\u062D \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064A. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646 \u0644\u062F\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064A 2020\u060C \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062D\u0644 \u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0633\u062A\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u062D\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u062F\u0648\u0631\u0623 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064B \u0643\u0645\u062D\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621."@ar . "1122300196"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u6708\u63A2\u67FB"@ja . . "L'exploration de la Lune commence avec le lancement des premiers programmes spatiaux dans les ann\u00E9es 1950. Les programmes sovi\u00E9tique Luna et am\u00E9ricain Ranger inaugurent une s\u00E9rie de missions d'exploration au moyen de sondes spatiales dont l'objectif principal est de cartographier et d'identifier les principales caract\u00E9ristiques de l'environnement lunaire. Cette phase culmine avec le premier pas de l'homme sur la Lune par l'Am\u00E9ricain Neil Armstrong le 21 juillet 1969, dans le cadre de la mission Apollo 11. Les donn\u00E9es recueillies confirment l'image qui s'\u00E9tait progressivement dessin\u00E9e au XXe si\u00E8cle d'un monde froid et mort. Dans le contexte de la guerre froide, l'exploration de la Lune est davantage motiv\u00E9e par la lutte entre les deux superpuissances de l'\u00E9poque \u2014 les \u00C9tats-Unis et l'Union sovi\u00E9tique \u2014 que par la recherche scientifique, m\u00EAme si le programme Apollo permet de ramener pr\u00E8s de 380 kilogrammes de roches lunaires sur Terre. Celles-ci ainsi que les donn\u00E9es recueillies par les instruments sur place permettent de r\u00E9pondre \u00E0 de nombreuses questions concernant la Lune tout en en soulevant de nouvelles. \u00C0 la m\u00EAme \u00E9poque, le programme lunaire habit\u00E9 sovi\u00E9tique est abandonn\u00E9 apr\u00E8s les \u00E9checs rencontr\u00E9s par le lanceur. Cet \u00E9chec est en partie compens\u00E9 par l'envoi r\u00E9ussi des deux astromobiles Lunokhod (1970). Avec la fin du programme Apollo, l'exploration spatiale se d\u00E9tourne de la Lune pour se porter vers les plan\u00E8tes, plus lointaines et associ\u00E9es \u00E0 des enjeux scientifiques plus importants. Le retour des hommes sur le sol lunaire est depuis les ann\u00E9es 2000 un th\u00E8me r\u00E9current aux \u00C9tats-Unis, motiv\u00E9 par des consid\u00E9rations politiques plus que scientifiques. Le projet Constellation de la NASA, qui d\u00E9bute en 2004, a pour objectif l'envoi de missions habit\u00E9es vers la Lune dans les ann\u00E9es 2020. Il relance l'exploration scientifique de la Lune \u00E0 travers les missions du programme Lunar Precursor Robotic (depuis 2009) et certaines missions am\u00E9ricaines du programme Discovery. Celles-ci ont pour objectif de compl\u00E9ter les travaux entam\u00E9s 50 ans auparavant, en particulier dans la r\u00E9gion des p\u00F4les o\u00F9 la pr\u00E9sence d'eau est d\u00E9tect\u00E9e. D\u00E9but 2010, le pr\u00E9sident Barack Obama annonce l'annulation du projet Constellation pour des raisons budg\u00E9taires. En 2017, la NASA d\u00E9cide de d\u00E9velopper une station spatiale autour de la Lune, la Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway, qui doit servir de relais pour des missions plus ambitieuses, d'abord vers la surface de la Lune puis vers Mars. \u00C0 la demande du pr\u00E9sident am\u00E9ricain Donald Trump, le programme Artemis est mis sur pied d\u00E9but 2019 pour envoyer des hommes \u00E0 la surface de la Lune d\u00E8s 2024. Parall\u00E8lement, de nouvelles nations spatiales \u2014 le Japon d\u00E8s 1990, la Chine depuis 2007 et l'Inde depuis 2008 \u2014 lancent des sondes spatiales vers la Lune car sa proximit\u00E9 permet d'acqu\u00E9rir plus facilement la ma\u00EEtrise de ce type de mission complexe. La Chine poursuit sa mont\u00E9e en puissance dans le domaine spatial en d\u00E9posant sur le sol lunaire le 14 d\u00E9cembre 2013 le rover Yutu dans le cadre de la mission Chang'e 3. Il s'agit de la premi\u00E8re mission sur la surface de la Lune depuis 1976. D\u00E9but 2019, la Chine effectue le premier atterrissage en douceur sur la face cach\u00E9e de la Lune avec le rover de la mission Chang'e 4. L'Inde devait \u00E9galement faire atterrir Chandrayaan-2 en 2019 \u00E0 la surface de la Lune tandis que la Chine devait lancer \u00E0 la fin de la m\u00EAme ann\u00E9e la mission de retour d'\u00E9chantillons Chang'e 5."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uB2EC \uD0D0\uC0AC"@ko . . . "Utforskningen av m\u00E5nen"@sv . . . . . . . . "L'exploration de la Lune commence avec le lancement des premiers programmes spatiaux dans les ann\u00E9es 1950. Les programmes sovi\u00E9tique Luna et am\u00E9ricain Ranger inaugurent une s\u00E9rie de missions d'exploration au moyen de sondes spatiales dont l'objectif principal est de cartographier et d'identifier les principales caract\u00E9ristiques de l'environnement lunaire. Cette phase culmine avec le premier pas de l'homme sur la Lune par l'Am\u00E9ricain Neil Armstrong le 21 juillet 1969, dans le cadre de la mission Apollo 11. Les donn\u00E9es recueillies confirment l'image qui s'\u00E9tait progressivement dessin\u00E9e au XXe si\u00E8cle d'un monde froid et mort."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The physical exploration of the Moon began when Luna 2, a space probe launched by the Soviet Union, made an impact on the surface of the Moon on September 14, 1959. Prior to that the only available means of exploration had been observation from Earth. The invention of the optical telescope brought about the first leap in the quality of lunar observations. Galileo Galilei is generally credited as the first person to use a telescope for astronomical purposes; having made his own telescope in 1609, the mountains and craters on the lunar surface were among his first observations using it."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u672C\u8A18\u4E8B\u3067\u306F\u7269\u7406\u7684\u306A\u6708\u63A2\u67FB\uFF08\u3064\u304D\u305F\u3093\u3055\u3001Exploration of the Moon\uFF09\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89E3\u8AAC\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . "V\u00FDzkum M\u011Bs\u00EDce po stalet\u00EDch pozorov\u00E1n\u00ED ze Zem\u011B za\u010Dal se sov\u011Btskou sondou Luna 2, kter\u00E1 dopadla na povrch M\u011Bs\u00EDce v roce 1959. Ale u\u017E vyn\u00E1lez dalekohledu p\u0159inesl skok v kvalit\u011B pozorov\u00E1n\u00ED. Obecn\u011B se soud\u00ED, \u017Ee Galileo Galilei jako prvn\u00ED pou\u017Eil dalekohled pro astronomick\u00E9 \u00FA\u010Dely. V roce 1609 objevil na M\u011Bs\u00EDci kr\u00E1tery a hory. Zat\u00EDm jedin\u00ED lid\u00E9 na M\u011Bs\u00EDci p\u0159ist\u00E1li v r\u00E1mci programu Apollo a prvn\u00ED p\u0159ist\u00E1n\u00ED se uskute\u010Dnilo v \u010Dervenci 1969."@cs . . . . "\u0414\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0301\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u041C\u0456\u0301\u0441\u044F\u0446\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442\u044C \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E\u044E \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0456\u0437 \u0417\u0435\u043C\u043B\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0437 \u043E\u0440\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u0441\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u044C\u043E \u043D\u0430 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043D\u0456 (\u044F\u043A \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0430\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0456 \u043F\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044F\u043C\u0438)."@uk . . . . . . "Penjelajahan Bulan secara fisik dimulai sejak misi Luna 2, sebuah wahana antariksa yang diluncurkan oleh Uni Soviet, mencapai permukaan Bulan pada 14 September 1959. Sebelumnya, satu-satunya sarana penjelajahan hanyalah melalui pengamatan atau pengamatan. Penyiptaan teleskop optik membawa lompatan besar pada kualitas pengamatan bulan. Galileo Galilei umumnya dianggap sebagai orang pertama yang menggunakan suatu teleskop untuk keperluan astronomis. Ia membuat teleskopnya sendiri pada 1609 dan menggunakannya untuk mengamati gunung dan kawah pada permukaan bulan."@in . "\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u041B\u0443\u043D\u044B"@ru . . . "37769"^^ . . . 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"A explora\u00E7\u00E3o f\u00EDsica da Lua come\u00E7ou quando a Luna 2, uma sonda espacial lan\u00E7ada pela Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica, fez um impacto na superf\u00EDcie da Lua em 14 de setembro de 1959. Antes disso, o \u00FAnico meio de explora\u00E7\u00E3o dispon\u00EDvel era a observa\u00E7\u00E3o da Terra. A inven\u00E7\u00E3o do telesc\u00F3pio \u00F3ptico trouxe o primeiro salto na qualidade das observa\u00E7\u00F5es lunares. Galileo Galilei \u00E9 geralmente considerado a primeira pessoa a usar um telesc\u00F3pio para fins astron\u00F4micos; tendo feito seu pr\u00F3prio telesc\u00F3pio em 1609, os montes e crateras na superf\u00EDcie lunar estavam entre suas primeiras observa\u00E7\u00F5es. O programa Apollo da NASA foi o \u00FAnico programa de a levar seres humanos \u00E0 Lua com sucesso, o que fez seis vezes. O primeiro pouso ocorreu em 1969, quando dois astronautas da Apollo 11 colocaram instrumentos cient\u00EDficos e devolveram amostras lunares \u00E0 Terra. O primeiro pouso n\u00E3o tripulado no lado oculto da Lua foi feito pela espa\u00E7onave chinesa Chang'e 4 no in\u00EDcio de 2019, que implantou com sucesso o rover lunar Yutu-2."@pt . . . . . . . . "\u672C\u8A18\u4E8B\u3067\u306F\u7269\u7406\u7684\u306A\u6708\u63A2\u67FB\uFF08\u3064\u304D\u305F\u3093\u3055\u3001Exploration of the Moon\uFF09\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89E3\u8AAC\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "En astron\u00E0utica, les missions lunars s\u00F3n les que tenen per objectiu l'exploraci\u00F3 de la Lluna. Es poden classificar en missions tripulades i missions no tripulades. La que va tenir m\u00E9s ress\u00F2 mundial va ser l'Apollo 11, una missi\u00F3 nord-americana que va portar per primera vegada homes a la superf\u00EDcie de la Lluna. L'astronauta nord-americ\u00E0 Neil Armstrong va ser el primer \u00E9sser hum\u00E0 que, a les 03:56 (hora catalana) del 21 de juliol de 1969, posava el peu a la Lluna. Les futures missions podrien tenir com a objectiu preparar el terreny per a una eventual colonitzaci\u00F3 de la Lluna."@ca .