. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "En federation (efter latin foedus, 'f\u00F6rdrag', 'f\u00F6rbund'), federal stat eller f\u00F6rbundsstat \u00E4r en sammanslutning av flera sj\u00E4lvst\u00E4ndiga enheter: stater, delstater eller organisationer. Statsr\u00E4ttsligt \u00E4r en federation detsamma som en f\u00F6rbundsstat, en politisk union (realunion) av delstater (eller f\u00F6rbundsl\u00E4nder, som det heter i Tyskland och \u00D6sterrike)."@sv . "Lo Stato federale \u00E8 una forma di Stato in cui il paese preso in considerazione \u00E8 formato dall'unione di due o pi\u00F9 Stati, detti stati federati, i quali, pur conservando una parte della loro sovranit\u00E0, sono uniti a livello politico, economico e territoriale tra di loro e formano un unico Stato, e possono essere assoggettati ciascuno ad autorit\u00E0 politica, in genere definita governatore o vicer\u00E9, che lavora e amministra il territorio per conto del Capo di Stato."@it . . . . . . . . . "Un \u00C9tat f\u00E9d\u00E9ral ou f\u00E9d\u00E9ration (en latin : foedus, \u00AB l'alliance \u00BB) est un \u00C9tat habituellement souverain, compos\u00E9 de plusieurs entit\u00E9s autonomes dot\u00E9es de leur propre gouvernement, nomm\u00E9es \u00C9tats f\u00E9d\u00E9r\u00E9s. Le statut de ces entit\u00E9s est g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement garanti par la Constitution, et ne peut \u00EAtre remis en cause par une d\u00E9cision unilat\u00E9rale du gouvernement central f\u00E9d\u00E9ral. La forme de gouvernement de l'\u00C9tat f\u00E9d\u00E9ral, ou sa structure constitutionnelle, est nomm\u00E9e f\u00E9d\u00E9ralisme. C'est un ensemble d'\u00C9tats qui se sont unis et qui ont une certaine autonomie tout en reconnaissant une autorit\u00E9 sup\u00E9rieure commune. Il peut \u00EAtre consid\u00E9r\u00E9 comme l'oppos\u00E9 de l'\u00C9tat unitaire. Les f\u00E9d\u00E9rations peuvent \u00EAtre multiethniques, ou couvrir de vastes territoires, m\u00EAme si ce n'est pas n\u00E9cessairement le cas. Les f\u00E9d\u00E9rations sont le plus souvent fond\u00E9es par un accord, bas\u00E9 sur des pr\u00E9occupations ou int\u00E9r\u00EAts communs, entre plusieurs \u00C9tats ind\u00E9pendants. Parfois, sur une p\u00E9riode interm\u00E9diaire, les \u00C9tats coexistent dans une conf\u00E9d\u00E9ration. Les \u00C9tats f\u00E9d\u00E9r\u00E9s ne disposent g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement pas du droit de s\u00E9cession."@fr . . . . . . . . . "En federation (efter latin foedus, 'f\u00F6rdrag', 'f\u00F6rbund'), federal stat eller f\u00F6rbundsstat \u00E4r en sammanslutning av flera sj\u00E4lvst\u00E4ndiga enheter: stater, delstater eller organisationer. Statsr\u00E4ttsligt \u00E4r en federation detsamma som en f\u00F6rbundsstat, en politisk union (realunion) av delstater (eller f\u00F6rbundsl\u00E4nder, som det heter i Tyskland och \u00D6sterrike)."@sv . . "Federacja"@pl . . . "\u00C9tat f\u00E9d\u00E9ral"@fr . "Lo Stato federale \u00E8 una forma di Stato in cui il paese preso in considerazione \u00E8 formato dall'unione di due o pi\u00F9 Stati, detti stati federati, i quali, pur conservando una parte della loro sovranit\u00E0, sono uniti a livello politico, economico e territoriale tra di loro e formano un unico Stato, e possono essere assoggettati ciascuno ad autorit\u00E0 politica, in genere definita governatore o vicer\u00E9, che lavora e amministra il territorio per conto del Capo di Stato. Ciascuno Stato Federato possiede una pi\u00F9 ampia autonomia rispetto ad altre suddivisioni come Province, cui autonomia \u00E8 del tutto assente, e pu\u00F2 possedere un proprio ordinamento legislativo, seppur controllato da un unico governo centrale da cui dipendono indirettamente i governi federati. Esempi storici di stati federali possono essere l'Impero Tedesco, l'Unione Sovietica, la Svizzera o gli Stati Uniti."@it . . . . "Federa\u00E7\u00E3o (do latim: foederatio, de foedus: \u201Cliga, tratado, alian\u00E7a\u201D) ou Estado Federal \u00E9 um Estado composto por diversas entidades territoriais aut\u00F4nomas dotadas de governo pr\u00F3prio. Como regra geral, os estados (\"estados federados\") que se unem para constituir a federa\u00E7\u00E3o (o \"Estado federal\") s\u00E3o aut\u00F4nomos, isto \u00E9, possuem um conjunto de compet\u00EAncias ou prerrogativas garantidas pela constitui\u00E7\u00E3o que n\u00E3o podem ser abolidas ou alteradas de modo unilateral pelo governo central. Entretanto, apenas o Estado federal \u00E9 considerado soberano, inclusive para fins de direito internacional. Normalmente, apenas ele possui personalidade internacional e os estados federados s\u00E3o reconhecidos pelo direito internacional apenas na medida em que o respectivo Estado federal o autorizar."@pt . "Una federaci\u00F3n (del lat\u00EDn foederatio, \u2018uni\u00F3n\u2019) es una agrupaci\u00F3n institucionalizada de entidades sociales relativamente aut\u00F3nomas. La federaci\u00F3n suele asociarse a la formaci\u00F3n de Estados conformados a su vez por la reuni\u00F3n de varias entidades territoriales y pol\u00EDticas. Tambi\u00E9n suele denominarse Estado federal o rep\u00FAblica federal y, generalmente, tiene un sistema pol\u00EDtico republicano y excepcionalmente mon\u00E1rquico. El t\u00E9rmino se contrapone al de Estado unitario o centralizado. La organizaci\u00F3n pol\u00EDtica o estructura constitucional que caracteriza a una federaci\u00F3n se conoce como federalismo. En el plano macropol\u00EDtico las federaciones est\u00E1n compuestas por divisiones territoriales que se autogobiernan, a las cuales se llega a dar con frecuencia el nombre de estados, cantones, regiones, provincias u otras, que gozan de un mayor o menor grado de autonom\u00EDa pero que, en cualquier caso, tienen facultades de gobierno o legislaci\u00F3n sobre determinadas materias, distintas de las que corresponden a la administraci\u00F3n federal (gobierno de la federaci\u00F3n). El estatus de autogobierno de las regiones que lo componen est\u00E1 establecido por su constituci\u00F3n y, de ordinario, no puede alterarse unilateralmente por decisi\u00F3n del gobierno de la federaci\u00F3n. El modelo federal puede alcanzar incluso al derecho de autodeterminaci\u00F3n de los territorios federados, que fue precisamente lo que ocurri\u00F3 durante el desmembramiento de la Uni\u00F3n de Rep\u00FAblicas Socialistas Sovi\u00E9ticas. Las federaciones pueden ser multi\u00E9tnicas o extenderse por amplios territorios, aunque no necesariamente ha de darse alguna de estas situaciones. Con frecuencia las federaciones se constituyen sobre un acuerdo original entre Estados soberanos. Los estados que forman la federaci\u00F3n no suelen tener derecho a separarse unilateralmente de la misma. Entre las federaciones m\u00E1s conocidas se encuentran Alemania, Argentina, Austria, Australia, Brasil, Canad\u00E1, Estados Unidos, India, M\u00E9xico, Rusia, Suiza y Venezuela. Las partes que componen una federaci\u00F3n se conocen generalmente con el nombre de \"estados\", por lo que para diferenciarlos de los \"Estados nacionales\" suelen ser denominados \"estados federados\". Dichos estados pueden considerarse dotados de cierta soberan\u00EDa, ya que ciertas competencias les quedan reservadas con exclusi\u00F3n del gobierno federal. Sin embargo, una federaci\u00F3n es algo m\u00E1s que una mera alianza de estados independientes. Los estados que forman una federaci\u00F3n no suelen tener competencia en asuntos de pol\u00EDtica exterior y por tanto carecen de la consideraci\u00F3n de independientes bajo el derecho internacional. Algunos pa\u00EDses utilizan nombres distintos (y distintivos) para denominar a sus partes federadas: en Suiza se conocen como \"cantones\" y en Canad\u00E1 y Argentina se les denomina \"provincias\". Las federaciones normalmente exhiben una estructura administrativa en la que dos niveles de gobierno ejercen sus facultades sobre una sola jurisdicci\u00F3n, quedando algunas atribuciones reservadas al gobierno federal, otras a los gobiernos locales, y un tercer grupo de ellas que pueden ser concurrentes. Pueden darse excepciones, en las cuales algunas partes de la federaci\u00F3n quedan bajo control directo del gobierno federal, como ocurre en el caso de los 'territorios' aut\u00F3nomos de Canad\u00E1 y Australia, con el Distrito de Columbia de los Estados Unidos, con el extinto Distrito Federal en M\u00E9xico, o los extintos Territorios Nacionales -todos provincializados-, as\u00ED como al antiguo sistema vigente en la Capital Federal, hoy Ciudad Aut\u00F3noma de Buenos Aires (Argentina). En este \u00FAltimo caso, el gobierno federal est\u00E1 dotado de facultades constitucionales especiales en materia de instalaci\u00F3n y eliminaci\u00F3n de algunas estructuras del gobierno local, lo que impide que la entidad sea un verdadero estado federado. Pese a lo anteriormente se\u00F1alado, no es necesariamente caracter\u00EDstico de una federaci\u00F3n el que exista una gran regi\u00F3n central (una \"metr\u00F3polis\") bajo el control directo del gobierno federal. Abundando en el ejemplo de M\u00E9xico, la zona metropolitana de la Ciudad de M\u00E9xico abarca tal extensi\u00F3n que en ella concurr\u00EDan un gobierno federal, dos gobiernos locales, cincuenta y dos municipales y diecis\u00E9is administraciones delegacionales, y fue el caso que a lo largo de la \u00FAltima d\u00E9cada el gobierno federal disminuy\u00F3 su injerencia, hasta que se decidi\u00F3 que Ciudad de M\u00E9xico fuera aut\u00F3noma al pasar a ser el estado 32 de la Rep\u00FAblica Mexicana."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Federaci\u00F3"@ca . . . . "\uC5F0\uBC29\uC81C(\u806F\u90A6\u5236, \uC601\uC5B4: federation, federal state)\uB294 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC758 \uAD8C\uB825\uC774 \uC911\uC559 \uC815\uBD80\uC640 \uC8FC\uC5D0 \uB3D9\uB4F1\uD558\uAC8C \uBD84\uBC30\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB294 \uC815\uCE58 \uD615\uD0DC\uB85C, 2\uAC1C \uC774\uC0C1\uC758 \uC8FC\uAD8C\uC774 \uACB0\uD569\uD558\uC5EC \uAD6D\uC81C\uBC95\uC0C1 \uB2E8\uC77C\uC801\uC778 \uC778\uACA9\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C0\uB294 \uBCF5\uD569 \uD615\uD0DC\uC758 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC774\uB2E4. \uC5F0\uBC29\uC81C\uB97C \uC2E4\uC2DC\uD558\uB294 \uAD6D\uAC00\uB294 \uC5F0\uBC29\uC81C \uAD6D\uAC00 \uD639\uC740 \uC5F0\uD569 \uAD6D\uAC00\uB77C\uACE0 \uBD88\uB9AC\uBA70 \uC5F0\uBC29 \uD5CC\uBC95\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C0\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC5F0\uBC29 \uD5CC\uBC95\uC740 \uC911\uC559 \uC815\uBD80\uC640 \uC8FC\uC758 \uAD00\uACC4\uB97C \uC815\uC758\uD558\uBA70, \uADF8 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC758 \uC5B4\uB5A0\uD55C \uBC95\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC911\uC694\uD558\uBA70 \uB192\uC740 \uC790\uB9AC\uB97C \uCC28\uC9C0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC5F0\uBC29\uC81C\uC640 \uAD6D\uAC00 \uC5F0\uD569\uC758 \uCC28\uC774\uC810\uC740 \uC9C0\uBC29 \uC815\uBD80\uB294 \uC678\uAD6D\uACFC\uC758 \uC870\uC57D \uD639\uC740 \uC678\uAD50 \uAD00\uACC4\uB97C \uB9FA\uC744 \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uAD8C\uD55C\uC774 \uC5C6\uAC70\uB098 \uC911\uC559 \uC815\uBD80\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uD6E8\uC52C \uC801\uC740 \uAD8C\uD55C\uC744 \uAC16\uB294\uB2E4\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uBCF5\uC218\uC758 \uC8FC\uAD8C\uAD6D\uC774 \uC911\uC559\uC758 \uC5F0\uBC29 \uC815\uBD80 \uC544\uB798 \uACB0\uD569\uD558\uB294 \uC5F0\uBC29\uC758 \uD615\uD0DC\uB294 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uAC00\uC9C0\uAC00 \uC788\uC73C\uB098, \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC5F0\uBC29 \uC815\uBD80\uB9CC\uC774 \uC678\uAD50\uAD8C, \uAD70\uC0AC\uAD8C\uACFC \uAC19\uC740 \uB300\uC678 \uC8FC\uAD8C\uC744 \uD589\uC0AC\uD558\uACE0, \uC5F0\uBC29 \uC815\uBD80 \uC790\uCCB4\uAC00 \uAD6D\uAC00\uB85C\uC11C \uD1B5\uC77C\uC801\uC778 \uAD6D\uC81C\uBC95\uC0C1 \uC778\uACA9\uC744 \uC778\uC815\uBC1B\uB294 \uD1B5\uD569 \uD615\uD0DC\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . "Federace (latinsky f\u0153dus, \u201Esmlouva\u201C) je typ uspo\u0159\u00E1d\u00E1n\u00ED st\u00E1tu, kdy jde o slo\u017Een\u00FD st\u00E1t,skl\u00E1daj\u00EDc\u00ED se ze st\u00E1t\u016F - \u010Dlen\u016F federace s r\u016Fzn\u00FDm ozna\u010Den\u00EDm (st\u00E1ty, zem\u011B, republiky, kantony, provincie). Ve federac\u00EDch je sv\u00E9pr\u00E1vn\u00E9 postaven\u00ED jednotliv\u00FDch \u010Dlensk\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F zaji\u0161t\u011Bno \u00FAstavou nebo smluvn\u011B a nem\u016F\u017Ee b\u00FDt m\u011Bn\u011Bno jednostrann\u00FDm rozhodnut\u00EDm centr\u00E1ln\u00ED vl\u00E1dy (nap\u0159. \u0160v\u00FDcarsko, do zna\u010Dn\u00E9 m\u00EDry i USA). St\u00E1tn\u00ED moc je ve federaci rozlo\u017Eena mezi feder\u00E1ln\u00ED org\u00E1ny a org\u00E1ny \u010Dlensk\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F. Pr\u00E1vn\u00EDm z\u00E1kladem federace je \u00FAstava (u konfederace mezin\u00E1rodn\u00ED smlouva), je zde dvoj\u00ED ob\u010Danstv\u00ED (subjektu federace a federace jako celku) a pr\u00E1vn\u00ED akty federace jsou p\u0159\u00EDmo z\u00E1vazn\u00E9 pro osoby (u konfederace jen pro \u010Dlensk\u00E9 st\u00E1ty)."@cs . . "Bondsstaat"@nl . . "Una federaci\u00F3n (del lat\u00EDn foederatio, \u2018uni\u00F3n\u2019) es una agrupaci\u00F3n institucionalizada de entidades sociales relativamente aut\u00F3nomas. La federaci\u00F3n suele asociarse a la formaci\u00F3n de Estados conformados a su vez por la reuni\u00F3n de varias entidades territoriales y pol\u00EDticas. Tambi\u00E9n suele denominarse Estado federal o rep\u00FAblica federal y, generalmente, tiene un sistema pol\u00EDtico republicano y excepcionalmente mon\u00E1rquico. El t\u00E9rmino se contrapone al de Estado unitario o centralizado. La organizaci\u00F3n pol\u00EDtica o estructura constitucional que caracteriza a una federaci\u00F3n se conoce como federalismo."@es . . . . "\u9023\u90A6"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"\u0388\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03C3\u03C0\u03BF\u03BD\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03CC \u03BA\u03C1\u03AC\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03BC\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03AE \u03BA\u03C5\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03C1\u03AC\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03BA\u03C1\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03AD\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B5\u03C0\u03AF \u03BC\u03AD\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03B4\u03B9\u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD\u03BC\u03B5\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C6\u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD, \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD \u03AE \u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03C9\u03BD \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF\u03C7\u03CE\u03BD \u03C5\u03C0\u03CC \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B5\u03BD\u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03C3\u03C0\u03BF\u03BD\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03AE \u03BA\u03C5\u03B2\u03AD\u03C1\u03BD\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7, \u03B2\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC\u03BE\u03B5\u03C9\u03BD. \u0391\u03C5\u03C4\u03CC \u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03CC\u03C4\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BC\u03AD\u03BB\u03B7 \u03BC\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03C3\u03C0\u03BF\u03BD\u03B4\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BD \u03BC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C3\u03C7\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AE\u03BD \u03BC\u03B5 \u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2, \u03BC\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03AE \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC\u03C6\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7. \u03A3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03C3\u03C0\u03BF\u03BD\u03B4\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BB\u03B1\u03B4\u03AE, \u03B7 \u03B5\u03BE\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BC\u03BF\u03B9\u03C1\u03AC\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03CD \u03BC\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B5\u03BD\u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BC\u03B5\u03BB\u03CE\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03C3\u03C0\u03BF\u03BD\u03B4\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2, \u03AD\u03C4\u03C3\u03B9 \u03CE\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5 \u03BA\u03AC\u03B8\u03B5 \u03BC\u03AD\u03BB\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF \u03BA\u03AC\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03BF \u03B2\u03B1\u03B8\u03BC\u03CC \u03B5\u03BB\u03AD\u03B3\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C3\u03C9\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03B8\u03AD\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2."@el . . . "\u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0446\u0456\u044F (\u043B\u0430\u0442. foederatio \u2014 \u043E\u0431'\u0454\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437, \u0441\u043F\u0456\u043B\u043A\u0430, \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044F) \u2014 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u044E, \u0437\u0430 \u044F\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0456 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0456 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u043C\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0443 \u044E\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0443 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C, \u0447\u0438\u043C \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u044F\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0430\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E-\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0446\u044C \u0443\u043D\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438. \u0421\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0454\u0440\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043E\u043F\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0431\u043D\u0456 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0441\u0443\u0431'\u0454\u043A\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0457\u0457 \u0441\u0443\u0431'\u0454\u043A\u0442\u0456\u0432. \u0420\u0430\u0434\u044F\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043A\u043B\u043E\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A 1963 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F: \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F, \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437\u043D\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u044E, \u0437\u0430 \u044F\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044E\u044E\u0442\u044C \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0443 \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437\u043D\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0443. \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0445\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043E \u0424., \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u044E\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C, \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044E\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0454\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0456 \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437\u043D\u0456 (\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456) \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0456 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438, \u0454\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437\u043D\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0434\u044F\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u0454\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437\u043D\u0443 (\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0443) \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0456\u044E. \u0421\u043E\u044E\u0437\u043D\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0432'\u044F\u0437\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0434\u043E \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0456\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457."@uk . . . . . . "Stato federale"@it . . . . . . . . . . . "Federace (latinsky f\u0153dus, \u201Esmlouva\u201C) je typ uspo\u0159\u00E1d\u00E1n\u00ED st\u00E1tu, kdy jde o slo\u017Een\u00FD st\u00E1t,skl\u00E1daj\u00EDc\u00ED se ze st\u00E1t\u016F - \u010Dlen\u016F federace s r\u016Fzn\u00FDm ozna\u010Den\u00EDm (st\u00E1ty, zem\u011B, republiky, kantony, provincie). Ve federac\u00EDch je sv\u00E9pr\u00E1vn\u00E9 postaven\u00ED jednotliv\u00FDch \u010Dlensk\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F zaji\u0161t\u011Bno \u00FAstavou nebo smluvn\u011B a nem\u016F\u017Ee b\u00FDt m\u011Bn\u011Bno jednostrann\u00FDm rozhodnut\u00EDm centr\u00E1ln\u00ED vl\u00E1dy (nap\u0159. \u0160v\u00FDcarsko, do zna\u010Dn\u00E9 m\u00EDry i USA). St\u00E1tn\u00ED moc je ve federaci rozlo\u017Eena mezi feder\u00E1ln\u00ED org\u00E1ny a org\u00E1ny \u010Dlensk\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F. Pr\u00E1vn\u00EDm z\u00E1kladem federace je \u00FAstava (u konfederace mezin\u00E1rodn\u00ED smlouva), je zde dvoj\u00ED ob\u010Danstv\u00ED (subjektu federace a federace jako celku) a pr\u00E1vn\u00ED akty federace jsou p\u0159\u00EDmo z\u00E1vazn\u00E9 pro osoby (u konfederace jen pro \u010Dlensk\u00E9 st\u00E1ty). Jako federace se tak\u00E9 ozna\u010Duj\u00ED sdru\u017Een\u00ED jin\u00FDch typ\u016F, nap\u0159\u00EDklad zast\u0159e\u0161uj\u00EDc\u00ED sportovn\u00ED a podobn\u00E9 organizace (Mezin\u00E1rodn\u00ED federace ledn\u00EDho hokeje, Mezin\u00E1rodn\u00ED \u0161achov\u00E1 federace, Mezin\u00E1rodn\u00ED tenisov\u00E1 federace, Mezin\u00E1rodn\u00ED federace stoln\u00EDho tenisu, Mezin\u00E1rodn\u00ED florbalov\u00E1 federace, Mezin\u00E1rodn\u00ED federace badmintonu, Mezin\u00E1rodn\u00ED ly\u017Ea\u0159sk\u00E1 federace, Mezin\u00E1rodn\u00ED \u0161erm\u00ED\u0159sk\u00E1 federace, \u010Cesk\u00E1 federace aikido, Mezin\u00E1rodn\u00ED automobilov\u00E1 federace, Mezin\u00E1rodn\u00ED federace motocyklist\u016F, Mezin\u00E1rodn\u00ED kynologick\u00E1 federace), politick\u00E1 uskupen\u00ED (\u010Ceskoslovensk\u00E1 anarchistick\u00E1 federace, Sv\u011Btov\u00E1 federace demokratick\u00E9 ml\u00E1de\u017Ee), odborov\u00E9 organizace, n\u00E1bo\u017Eensk\u00E9 organizace (Sv\u011Btov\u00E1 lutersk\u00E1 federace, Evropsk\u00E1 baptistick\u00E1 federace, Federace \u017Eidovsk\u00FDch obc\u00ED, Pohansk\u00E1 federace) a mnoh\u00E9 dal\u0161\u00ED."@cs . . . . . . . "Una federaci\u00F3 (del llat\u00ED f\u0153dus, \"pacte\"), sovint tamb\u00E9 anomenat estat federal, \u00E9s una uni\u00F3 d'un nombre espec\u00EDfic d'estats o regions parcialment aut\u00F2nomes unides per un govern central (\"federal\"). En una federaci\u00F3, l'estatus d'autonomia dels estats o regions que la constitueixen, normalment \u00E9s reconegut constitucionalment i no pot ser alterat per una decisi\u00F3 unilateral del govern central. Les federacions es conformen usualment per acord entre els estats i/o regions sobiranes, encara que no sempre gaudeixen del dret a la secessi\u00F3 de manera unilateral."@ca . . . . . . . "Federa\u00E7\u00E3o (do latim: foederatio, de foedus: \u201Cliga, tratado, alian\u00E7a\u201D) ou Estado Federal \u00E9 um Estado composto por diversas entidades territoriais aut\u00F4nomas dotadas de governo pr\u00F3prio. Como regra geral, os estados (\"estados federados\") que se unem para constituir a federa\u00E7\u00E3o (o \"Estado federal\") s\u00E3o aut\u00F4nomos, isto \u00E9, possuem um conjunto de compet\u00EAncias ou prerrogativas garantidas pela constitui\u00E7\u00E3o que n\u00E3o podem ser abolidas ou alteradas de modo unilateral pelo governo central. Entretanto, apenas o Estado federal \u00E9 considerado soberano, inclusive para fins de direito internacional. Normalmente, apenas ele possui personalidade internacional e os estados federados s\u00E3o reconhecidos pelo direito internacional apenas na medida em que o respectivo Estado federal o autorizar. O sistema pol\u00EDtico pelo qual v\u00E1rios estados se re\u00FAnem para formar um Estado federal, cada um conservando sua autonomia, chama-se Estado federal, o que n\u00E3o se confunde com o conceito de federalismo. De acordo com Liziero, \"O Estado federal \u00E9 a forma de organiza\u00E7\u00E3o pol\u00EDtica estatal caracter\u00EDstica de pa\u00EDses nos quais houve o desenvolvimento do federalismo a ponto de repercutir em seu direito constitucional\". S\u00E3o exemplos de estados federais a Alemanha, Argentina, Austr\u00E1lia, o Brasil, o Canad\u00E1, os Emirados \u00C1rabes Unidos, a \u00CDndia, a Mal\u00E1sia, o M\u00E9xico, a Nig\u00E9ria, a R\u00FAssia, a Su\u00ED\u00E7a, a Venezuela, e os Estados Unidos, pa\u00EDs que instituiu o federalismo moderno. Quanto \u00E0 forma de Estado, as federa\u00E7\u00F5es contrap\u00F5em-se aos estados unit\u00E1rios e distinguem-se tamb\u00E9m das confedera\u00E7\u00F5es."@pt . . . . . "\u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E"@ru . . "Federazioa (latinez: foederatio, \"batasuna\") erlatiboki burujabeak diren entitate sozialen batasuna da. Orokorrean, Estatu bat osatzen dute, estatu federala ala errepublika federala deitua, eta nagusiki errepublikar egitura dute, monarkiak oso urriak dira. Federazioak gobernatzeko moduari federalismoa deritzo, bere aurkakoa zentralismoa eta estatu unitarioak dira."@eu . . . . . . . "Bundesstaat (f\u00F6deraler Staat)"@de . "\uC5F0\uBC29\uC81C(\u806F\u90A6\u5236, \uC601\uC5B4: federation, federal state)\uB294 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC758 \uAD8C\uB825\uC774 \uC911\uC559 \uC815\uBD80\uC640 \uC8FC\uC5D0 \uB3D9\uB4F1\uD558\uAC8C \uBD84\uBC30\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB294 \uC815\uCE58 \uD615\uD0DC\uB85C, 2\uAC1C \uC774\uC0C1\uC758 \uC8FC\uAD8C\uC774 \uACB0\uD569\uD558\uC5EC \uAD6D\uC81C\uBC95\uC0C1 \uB2E8\uC77C\uC801\uC778 \uC778\uACA9\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C0\uB294 \uBCF5\uD569 \uD615\uD0DC\uC758 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC774\uB2E4. \uC5F0\uBC29\uC81C\uB97C \uC2E4\uC2DC\uD558\uB294 \uAD6D\uAC00\uB294 \uC5F0\uBC29\uC81C \uAD6D\uAC00 \uD639\uC740 \uC5F0\uD569 \uAD6D\uAC00\uB77C\uACE0 \uBD88\uB9AC\uBA70 \uC5F0\uBC29 \uD5CC\uBC95\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C0\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC5F0\uBC29 \uD5CC\uBC95\uC740 \uC911\uC559 \uC815\uBD80\uC640 \uC8FC\uC758 \uAD00\uACC4\uB97C \uC815\uC758\uD558\uBA70, \uADF8 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC758 \uC5B4\uB5A0\uD55C \uBC95\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC911\uC694\uD558\uBA70 \uB192\uC740 \uC790\uB9AC\uB97C \uCC28\uC9C0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC5F0\uBC29\uC81C\uC640 \uAD6D\uAC00 \uC5F0\uD569\uC758 \uCC28\uC774\uC810\uC740 \uC9C0\uBC29 \uC815\uBD80\uB294 \uC678\uAD6D\uACFC\uC758 \uC870\uC57D \uD639\uC740 \uC678\uAD50 \uAD00\uACC4\uB97C \uB9FA\uC744 \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uAD8C\uD55C\uC774 \uC5C6\uAC70\uB098 \uC911\uC559 \uC815\uBD80\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uD6E8\uC52C \uC801\uC740 \uAD8C\uD55C\uC744 \uAC16\uB294\uB2E4\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uBCF5\uC218\uC758 \uC8FC\uAD8C\uAD6D\uC774 \uC911\uC559\uC758 \uC5F0\uBC29 \uC815\uBD80 \uC544\uB798 \uACB0\uD569\uD558\uB294 \uC5F0\uBC29\uC758 \uD615\uD0DC\uB294 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uAC00\uC9C0\uAC00 \uC788\uC73C\uB098, \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC5F0\uBC29 \uC815\uBD80\uB9CC\uC774 \uC678\uAD50\uAD8C, \uAD70\uC0AC\uAD8C\uACFC \uAC19\uC740 \uB300\uC678 \uC8FC\uAD8C\uC744 \uD589\uC0AC\uD558\uACE0, \uC5F0\uBC29 \uC815\uBD80 \uC790\uCCB4\uAC00 \uAD6D\uAC00\uB85C\uC11C \uD1B5\uC77C\uC801\uC778 \uAD6D\uC81C\uBC95\uC0C1 \uC778\uACA9\uC744 \uC778\uC815\uBC1B\uB294 \uD1B5\uD569 \uD615\uD0DC\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . "\u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0446\u0438\u044F (\u043B\u0430\u0442. f\u0153der\u0101ti\u014D \u2014 \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437, \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435), \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0301\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0301\u0437\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438, \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u044E\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u043E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043C\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0414\u043B\u044F \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043D\u0443\u0436\u043D\u043E \u043D\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E-\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u2014 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u044A\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043D\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0441\u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043C, \u043D\u043E \u0438\u043C\u0435\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0447\u0438\u044F \u0432\u043E \u0432\u043D\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0435. \u0411\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0438\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u043A\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043D\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D \u043C\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u2014 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0432 \u0442\u043E\u043C \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044F, \u0421\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0451\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0428\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044B \u0410\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u041A\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043B\u0438\u044F, \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u0418\u043D\u0434\u0438\u044F, \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0438\u044F, \u041C\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0438\u043A\u0430, \u0410\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u041F\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D. \u0421\u0443\u0431\u044A\u0435\u0301\u043A\u0442 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u0438\u043C\u0435\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u044F\u0434 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043D\u043E \u043D\u0435 \u0438\u043C\u0435\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430."@ru . . . . . . "Federation"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u8054\u90A6\u5236\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Afederation\uFF09\uFF0C\u53C8\u7A31\u8907\u5408\u5236\uFF0C\u662F\u7531\u4E24\u4E2A\u4EE5\u4E0A\u5177\u6709\u4E00\u5B9A\u4E3B\u6743\u7684\u653F\u6CBB\u5B9E\u4F53\uFF08\u81EA\u6CBB\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u3001\u8054\u90A6\u5DDE\u3001\u7701\u7B49\u7B49\uFF09\u901A\u8FC7\u7B7E\u7F72\u7EDF\u4E00\u5BAA\u6CD5\uFF08\u8054\u90A6\u5BAA\u6CD5\uFF09\u5EFA\u7ACB\u8DE8\u5883\u7684\u4E2D\u592E\u653F\u5E9C\uFF08\u8054\u90A6\u653F\u5E9C\uFF09\u90E8\u5206\u4EE3\u7406\u6210\u5458\u4E8B\u52A1\uFF0C\u4ECE\u800C\u7ED3\u5408\u6210\u66F4\u5927\u7684\u4E3B\u6743\u5B9E\u4F53\uFF08\u8054\u90A6\uFF09\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\u56FD\u5BB6\u7ED3\u6784\u5F62\u5F0F\uFF0C\u570B\u5BB6\u5143\u9996\u901A\u5E38\u70BA\u541B\u4E3B\u6216\u6C11\u9078\u9818\u5C0E\u4EBA\u3002 \u806F\u90A6\u5236\u53EF\u5206\u70BA\u806F\u90A6\u5171\u548C\u5236\u548C\u806F\u90A6\u541B\u4E3B\u570B\uFF0C\u7531\u5404\u4E2A\u6210\u5458\u56FD\u7EC4\u6210\uFF0C\u5404\u6210\u5458\u56FD\u5148\u4E8E\u8054\u90A6\u56FD\u5BB6\u5B58\u5728\u3002\u8054\u90A6\u6210\u5458\u56FD\u5728\u8054\u90A6\u56FD\u5BB6\u6210\u7ACB\u4E4B\u524D\uFF0C\u662F\u72EC\u7ACB\u4EAB\u6709\u4E3B\u6743\u7684\u56FD\u5BB6\uFF1B\u52A0\u5165\u8054\u90A6\u4E4B\u540E\uFF0C\u5404\u5B9E\u4F53\u5355\u4F4D\u867D\u7136\u4E0D\u518D\u6709\u5B8C\u5168\u72EC\u7ACB\u7684\u653F\u6CBB\u4E3B\u6743\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u8054\u90A6\u5BAA\u6CD5\u89C4\u5B9A\u7684\u8303\u56F4\u5185\uFF0C\u8054\u90A6\u6210\u5458\u7684\u4E3B\u6743\u4ECD\u53EF\u53D7\u5230\u6CD5\u5F8B\u7684\u4FDD\u62A4\uFF0C\u4F7F\u8054\u90A6\u6210\u5458\u6709\u81EA\u5DF1\u7684\u5BAA\u6CD5\u5E76\u4EAB\u53D7\u5730\u65B9\u5206\u6743\uFF0C\u5728\u5404\u81EA\u653F\u533A\u5185\u62E5\u6709\u72EC\u7ACB\u4E0D\u53D7\u8054\u90A6\u7BA1\u5236\u7684\u884C\u653F\u6743\u3001\u7ACB\u6CD5\u6743\u548C\u53F8\u6CD5\u6743\u3002\u5728\u7EC4\u6210\u8054\u90A6\u5236\u56FD\u5BB6\u65F6\uFF0C\u6210\u5458\u56FD\u628A\u5404\u81EA\u7684\u90E8\u5206\u4E3B\u6743\u8BA9\u6E21\u7ED9\u8054\u90A6\u653F\u5E9C\uFF0C\u540C\u65F6\u53C8\u4FDD\u7559\u4E86\u7BA1\u7406\u5185\u90E8\u4E8B\u52A1\u7684\u90E8\u5206\u81EA\u6CBB\u6743\u529B\uFF0C\u56FD\u6C11\u4EAB\u6709\u8054\u90A6\u548C\u5404\u6210\u5458\u5355\u4F4D\u7684\u53CC\u91CD\u56FD\u7C4D\u3002 \u4FC4\u7F57\u65AF\u662F\u73B0\u5728\u4E16\u754C\u4E0A\u9886\u571F\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8054\u90A6\u5236\u56FD\u5BB6\uFF0C\u800C\u5370\u5EA6\u662F\u4EBA\u53E3\u6700\u591A\u7684\u8054\u90A6\u5236\u56FD\u5BB6\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . "Federasi"@in . . . . . "\u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0446\u0438\u044F (\u043B\u0430\u0442. f\u0153der\u0101ti\u014D \u2014 \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437, \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435), \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0301\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0301\u0437\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438, \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u044E\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u043E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043C\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u0443\u0431\u044A\u0435\u0301\u043A\u0442 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u0438\u043C\u0435\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u044F\u0434 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043D\u043E \u043D\u0435 \u0438\u043C\u0435\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430."@ru . . . . . . "Als Bundesstaat wird ein Staat bezeichnet, der aus mehreren Teil- oder Gliedstaaten zusammengesetzt ist. Rechtlich besteht ein solcher Bundesstaat aus mehreren Staatsrechtssubjekten, das hei\u00DFt politischen Ordnungen mit Staatsqualit\u00E4t, und vereint deshalb in der Regel verschiedene politische Ebenen in sich: eine Bundesebene und mindestens eine Ebene der Gliedstaaten. Damit unterscheidet sich der f\u00F6deral organisierte Staat sowohl von einem locker gef\u00FCgten Staatenbund als auch von einem zentralistischen Einheitsstaat. Ein Bundesstaat ist demnach eine staatsrechtliche Verbindung von (nichtsouver\u00E4nen oder zu teilsouver\u00E4nen Gebilden degradierten) Staaten zu einem (souver\u00E4nen) Gesamtstaat. Die Beziehungen zwischen diesem Bund und den Gliedstaaten und zwischen Letzteren untereinander sind staatsrechtlicher (nicht v\u00F6lkerrechtlicher) Art. Im deutschen Verfassungsrecht ist der Begriff des Bundesstaates ein normativer Begriff und nicht vorgegeben (also nicht \u00FCber der Rechtsordnung stehend)."@de . . . . . "Nomi\u011Das federacio \u015Dtato farita el diversaj a\u016Dtonomaj teritorioj kun propra registaro, \u011Denerale konataj kiel \"\u015Dtatoj\" a\u016D \"provincoj\". \u011Ceneralregule, la \u015Dtatoj (federaciataj \u015Dtatoj) kiuj unui\u011Das por konstitui la federacion (federacian \u015Dtaton) estas a\u016Dtonomaj. Ili havas aron da ecoj garantiitaj de la konstitucio kiuj ne povas esti abolitaj a\u016D \u015Dan\u011Ditaj de la centra registaro sen la konsento de la alia parto. Tamen, nur la federacia \u015Dtato estas konsiderata suverena, inkluzive por la internacia juro. La federaciataj \u015Dtatoj estas agnoskataj de la internacia juro nur kiam la federacia \u015Dtato permesas. La politika sistemo en kiu diversaj \u015Dtatoj unui\u011Das a\u016Dtonome por formi federacian \u015Dtaton nomi\u011Das federismo. Trovi\u011Das en la listo de federaciaj \u015Dtatoj, interalie: Argentino, A\u016Dstralio, Barato, Brazilo, Belgio, Kanado, Germanio, Malajzio, Meksiko, Ni\u011Derio, Rusio, Svislando kaj Usono."@eo . . . . . . . "Federazio"@eu . . . . . . . . . . "\u9023\u90A6\uFF08\u308C\u3093\u307D\u3046\u3001\u82F1: federation\u3001\u72EC: Bund\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u30012\u3064\u4EE5\u4E0A\u306E\u56FD\uFF08\u5DDE\uFF09\u304C1\u3064\u306E\u4E3B\u6A29\u306E\u4E0B\u306B\u7D50\u5408\u3057\u3066\u5F62\u6210\u3059\u308B\u56FD\u5BB6\u5F62\u614B\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u806F\u90A6\u3068\u3082\u3044\u3046\u3002"@ja . "156371"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "Federacio"@eo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Nomi\u011Das federacio \u015Dtato farita el diversaj a\u016Dtonomaj teritorioj kun propra registaro, \u011Denerale konataj kiel \"\u015Dtatoj\" a\u016D \"provincoj\". \u011Ceneralregule, la \u015Dtatoj (federaciataj \u015Dtatoj) kiuj unui\u011Das por konstitui la federacion (federacian \u015Dtaton) estas a\u016Dtonomaj. Ili havas aron da ecoj garantiitaj de la konstitucio kiuj ne povas esti abolitaj a\u016D \u015Dan\u011Ditaj de la centra registaro sen la konsento de la alia parto. Tamen, nur la federacia \u015Dtato estas konsiderata suverena, inkluzive por la internacia juro. La federaciataj \u015Dtatoj estas agnoskataj de la internacia juro nur kiam la federacia \u015Dtato permesas."@eo . "A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central (federalism). In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states, as well as the division of power between them and the central government, is typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision, neither by the component states nor the federal political body. Alternatively, a federation is a form of government in which sovereign power is formally divided between a central authority and a number of constituent regions so that each region retains some degree of control over its internal affairs."@en . . . . . "Federace"@cs . . . . . . . "Federacja (\u0142ac. foederatio \u201Eprzymierze\u201D), in. pa\u0144stwo zwi\u0105zkowe, pa\u0144stwo federalne (ang. federal state) \u2013 pa\u0144stwo sk\u0142adaj\u0105ce si\u0119 z cz\u0119\u015Bci obdarzonych autonomi\u0105 (stan\u00F3w, kraj\u00F3w zwi\u0105zkowych, prowincji, kanton\u00F3w lub emirat\u00F3w), ale posiadaj\u0105cych wsp\u00F3lny (federalny) rz\u0105d. Cz\u0119\u015Bci tworz\u0105ce federacj\u0119 posiadaj\u0105 zwykle szerok\u0105 autonomi\u0119 wewn\u0119trzn\u0105 oraz tworz\u0105 w niekt\u00F3rych kwestiach w\u0142asne prawa; wsp\u00F3lna jest waluta oraz polityka zagraniczna i obronna."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Federazioa (latinez: foederatio, \"batasuna\") erlatiboki burujabeak diren entitate sozialen batasuna da. Orokorrean, Estatu bat osatzen dute, estatu federala ala errepublika federala deitua, eta nagusiki errepublikar egitura dute, monarkiak oso urriak dira. Federazioak gobernatzeko moduari federalismoa deritzo, bere aurkakoa zentralismoa eta estatu unitarioak dira."@eu . "\u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0446\u0456\u044F (\u043B\u0430\u0442. foederatio \u2014 \u043E\u0431'\u0454\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437, \u0441\u043F\u0456\u043B\u043A\u0430, \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044F) \u2014 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u044E, \u0437\u0430 \u044F\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0456 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0456 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u043C\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0443 \u044E\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0443 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C, \u0447\u0438\u043C \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u044F\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0430\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E-\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0446\u044C \u0443\u043D\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438. \u0421\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0454\u0440\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043E\u043F\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0431\u043D\u0456 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0441\u0443\u0431'\u0454\u043A\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0457\u0457 \u0441\u0443\u0431'\u0454\u043A\u0442\u0456\u0432."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u8054\u90A6\u5236\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Afederation\uFF09\uFF0C\u53C8\u7A31\u8907\u5408\u5236\uFF0C\u662F\u7531\u4E24\u4E2A\u4EE5\u4E0A\u5177\u6709\u4E00\u5B9A\u4E3B\u6743\u7684\u653F\u6CBB\u5B9E\u4F53\uFF08\u81EA\u6CBB\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u3001\u8054\u90A6\u5DDE\u3001\u7701\u7B49\u7B49\uFF09\u901A\u8FC7\u7B7E\u7F72\u7EDF\u4E00\u5BAA\u6CD5\uFF08\u8054\u90A6\u5BAA\u6CD5\uFF09\u5EFA\u7ACB\u8DE8\u5883\u7684\u4E2D\u592E\u653F\u5E9C\uFF08\u8054\u90A6\u653F\u5E9C\uFF09\u90E8\u5206\u4EE3\u7406\u6210\u5458\u4E8B\u52A1\uFF0C\u4ECE\u800C\u7ED3\u5408\u6210\u66F4\u5927\u7684\u4E3B\u6743\u5B9E\u4F53\uFF08\u8054\u90A6\uFF09\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\u56FD\u5BB6\u7ED3\u6784\u5F62\u5F0F\uFF0C\u570B\u5BB6\u5143\u9996\u901A\u5E38\u70BA\u541B\u4E3B\u6216\u6C11\u9078\u9818\u5C0E\u4EBA\u3002 \u806F\u90A6\u5236\u53EF\u5206\u70BA\u806F\u90A6\u5171\u548C\u5236\u548C\u806F\u90A6\u541B\u4E3B\u570B\uFF0C\u7531\u5404\u4E2A\u6210\u5458\u56FD\u7EC4\u6210\uFF0C\u5404\u6210\u5458\u56FD\u5148\u4E8E\u8054\u90A6\u56FD\u5BB6\u5B58\u5728\u3002\u8054\u90A6\u6210\u5458\u56FD\u5728\u8054\u90A6\u56FD\u5BB6\u6210\u7ACB\u4E4B\u524D\uFF0C\u662F\u72EC\u7ACB\u4EAB\u6709\u4E3B\u6743\u7684\u56FD\u5BB6\uFF1B\u52A0\u5165\u8054\u90A6\u4E4B\u540E\uFF0C\u5404\u5B9E\u4F53\u5355\u4F4D\u867D\u7136\u4E0D\u518D\u6709\u5B8C\u5168\u72EC\u7ACB\u7684\u653F\u6CBB\u4E3B\u6743\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u8054\u90A6\u5BAA\u6CD5\u89C4\u5B9A\u7684\u8303\u56F4\u5185\uFF0C\u8054\u90A6\u6210\u5458\u7684\u4E3B\u6743\u4ECD\u53EF\u53D7\u5230\u6CD5\u5F8B\u7684\u4FDD\u62A4\uFF0C\u4F7F\u8054\u90A6\u6210\u5458\u6709\u81EA\u5DF1\u7684\u5BAA\u6CD5\u5E76\u4EAB\u53D7\u5730\u65B9\u5206\u6743\uFF0C\u5728\u5404\u81EA\u653F\u533A\u5185\u62E5\u6709\u72EC\u7ACB\u4E0D\u53D7\u8054\u90A6\u7BA1\u5236\u7684\u884C\u653F\u6743\u3001\u7ACB\u6CD5\u6743\u548C\u53F8\u6CD5\u6743\u3002\u5728\u7EC4\u6210\u8054\u90A6\u5236\u56FD\u5BB6\u65F6\uFF0C\u6210\u5458\u56FD\u628A\u5404\u81EA\u7684\u90E8\u5206\u4E3B\u6743\u8BA9\u6E21\u7ED9\u8054\u90A6\u653F\u5E9C\uFF0C\u540C\u65F6\u53C8\u4FDD\u7559\u4E86\u7BA1\u7406\u5185\u90E8\u4E8B\u52A1\u7684\u90E8\u5206\u81EA\u6CBB\u6743\u529B\uFF0C\u56FD\u6C11\u4EAB\u6709\u8054\u90A6\u548C\u5404\u6210\u5458\u5355\u4F4D\u7684\u53CC\u91CD\u56FD\u7C4D\u3002 \u8054\u90A6\u5BAA\u6CD5\u660E\u786E\u754C\u5B9A\u8054\u90A6\u653F\u5E9C\u7EDF\u4E00\u884C\u4F7F\u7684\u6743\u529B\u548C\u5404\u6210\u5458\u56FD\u5404\u81EA\u7684\u5730\u65B9\u653F\u5E9C\u6240\u4FDD\u7559\u7684\u6743\u529B\uFF0C\u5373\u8054\u90A6\u6743\u529B\u662F\u6765\u6E90\u4E8E\u5404\u6210\u5458\u7684\u53C2\u4E0E\u3002\u8054\u90A6\u6210\u5458\u6709\u81EA\u5DF1\u7684\u72EC\u7ACB\u7684\u884C\u653F\u3001\u7ACB\u6CD5\u548C\u53F8\u6CD5\u673A\u6784\uFF0C\u548C\u8054\u90A6\u56FD\u5BB6\u7684\u6700\u9AD8\u884C\u653F\u3001\u7ACB\u6CD5\u3001\u53F8\u6CD5\u673A\u6784\u4E0D\u5B58\u5728\u96B6\u5C5E\u5173\u7CFB\uFF0C\u5C6C\u65BC\u5E73\u7B49\u95DC\u4FC2\u3002\u8054\u90A6\u56FD\u5BB6\u7684\u4E3B\u6743\u7531\u8054\u90A6\u548C\u5404\u6210\u5458\u5355\u4F4D\u5206\u4EAB\uFF0C\u8054\u90A6\u653F\u5E9C\u5BF9\u5916\u4EE3\u8868\u56FD\u5BB6\u4E3B\u6743\u3002\u4F46\u662F\u5404\u8054\u90A6\u6210\u5458\u4E5F\u5728\u8054\u90A6\u5BAA\u6CD5\u5141\u8BB8\u7684\u8303\u56F4\u5185\u4EAB\u6709\u4E00\u5B9A\u7684\u5916\u4EA4\u72EC\u7ACB\u6027\uFF0C\u53EF\u4EE5\u4E0E\u5176\u4ED6\u5916\u4EA4\u4E3B\u4F53\u7B7E\u8BA2\u4E00\u4E9B\u534F\u8BAE\uFF0C\u90E8\u4EFD\u8054\u90A6\u6210\u5458\u5355\u4F4D\u4E5F\u53EF\u4EE5\u4EE5\u806F\u90A6\u6210\u54E1\u570B\u7684\u8EAB\u4EFD\u53C2\u8207\u5404\u500B\u56FD\u9645\u7EC4\u7EC7\u3002\u4EE5\u7F8E\u570B\u806F\u90A6\u61B2\u6CD5\u70BA\u4F8B\uFF0C\u672A\u6307\u660E\u5C6C\u806F\u90A6\u653F\u5E9C\uFF08\u6216\u4E0A\u7D1A\u884C\u653F\u5340\u61B2\u5236\u6587\u4EF6\u672A\u6307\u660E\u5C6C\u4E0A\u7D1A\u884C\u653F\u5340\u653F\u5E9C\uFF09\u4E4B\u6B0A\u529B\uFF0C\u5373\u5C6C\u5730\u65B9\uFF08\u6216\u4E0B\u7D1A\u884C\u653F\u5340\uFF09\u6240\u6709\uFF0C\u7A31\u70BA\u300C\u5269\u9918\u6B0A\u529B\u300D\u6216\u300C\u4FDD\u7559\u6B0A\u529B\u300D\u3002 \u4FC4\u7F57\u65AF\u662F\u73B0\u5728\u4E16\u754C\u4E0A\u9886\u571F\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8054\u90A6\u5236\u56FD\u5BB6\uFF0C\u800C\u5370\u5EA6\u662F\u4EBA\u53E3\u6700\u591A\u7684\u8054\u90A6\u5236\u56FD\u5BB6\u3002"@zh . . . "Federation"@sv . "Federasi atau negara berserikat, dari bahasa Belanda, federatie dan berasal dari bahasa Latin; foeduratio yang artinya \"perjanjian\". Federasi pertama dari arti ini adalah \"perjanjian\" daripada Kerajaan Romawi dengan suku bangsa Jerman yang lalu menetap di provinsi Belgia, kira-kira pada abad ke 4 Masehi. Kala itu, mereka berjanji untuk tidak memerangi sesama, tetapi untuk bekerja sama saja. Di Malaysia, bentuk pemerintahan ini dikenal dengan istilah Persekutuan. Pada saat ini, sebuah federasi dikatakan sebagai sebuah bentuk pemerintahan yang beberapa negara bagian bekerja sama dan membentuk kesatuan yang disebut negara federal. Masing-masing negara bagian memiliki beberapa otonomi khusus dan pemerintahan pusat mengatur beberapa urusan yang dianggap nasional. Dalam sebuah federasi setiap negara bagian biasanya memiliki otonomi yang tinggi dan bisa mengatur pemerintahan dengan cukup bebas. Ini berbeda dengan sebuah negara kesatuan, yang biasanya hanya ada provinsi saja. Kelebihan sebuah negara kesatuan, ialah adanya keseragaman antar semua provinsi. Federasi mungkin multi-etnik, atau melingkup wilayah yang luas dari sebuah wilayah, meskipun keduanya bukan suatu keharusan. Federasi biasanya ditemukan dalam sebuah persetujuan awal antara beberapa negara bagian \"berdaulat\". Bentuk pemerintahan atau struktur konstitusional ditemukan dalam federasi dikenal sebagai federalisme."@in . . . . . . . . . "\u9023\u90A6\uFF08\u308C\u3093\u307D\u3046\u3001\u82F1: federation\u3001\u72EC: Bund\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u30012\u3064\u4EE5\u4E0A\u306E\u56FD\uFF08\u5DDE\uFF09\u304C1\u3064\u306E\u4E3B\u6A29\u306E\u4E0B\u306B\u7D50\u5408\u3057\u3066\u5F62\u6210\u3059\u308B\u56FD\u5BB6\u5F62\u614B\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u806F\u90A6\u3068\u3082\u3044\u3046\u3002"@ja . "Un \u00C9tat f\u00E9d\u00E9ral ou f\u00E9d\u00E9ration (en latin : foedus, \u00AB l'alliance \u00BB) est un \u00C9tat habituellement souverain, compos\u00E9 de plusieurs entit\u00E9s autonomes dot\u00E9es de leur propre gouvernement, nomm\u00E9es \u00C9tats f\u00E9d\u00E9r\u00E9s. Le statut de ces entit\u00E9s est g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement garanti par la Constitution, et ne peut \u00EAtre remis en cause par une d\u00E9cision unilat\u00E9rale du gouvernement central f\u00E9d\u00E9ral. La forme de gouvernement de l'\u00C9tat f\u00E9d\u00E9ral, ou sa structure constitutionnelle, est nomm\u00E9e f\u00E9d\u00E9ralisme. C'est un ensemble d'\u00C9tats qui se sont unis et qui ont une certaine autonomie tout en reconnaissant une autorit\u00E9 sup\u00E9rieure commune."@fr . . . "53337"^^ . . . . . . . . "\u039F\u03BC\u03BF\u03C3\u03C0\u03BF\u03BD\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03CC \u03BA\u03C1\u03AC\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2"@el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC5F0\uBC29\uC81C"@ko . . . . . . . "Federasi atau negara berserikat, dari bahasa Belanda, federatie dan berasal dari bahasa Latin; foeduratio yang artinya \"perjanjian\". Federasi pertama dari arti ini adalah \"perjanjian\" daripada Kerajaan Romawi dengan suku bangsa Jerman yang lalu menetap di provinsi Belgia, kira-kira pada abad ke 4 Masehi. Kala itu, mereka berjanji untuk tidak memerangi sesama, tetapi untuk bekerja sama saja. Di Malaysia, bentuk pemerintahan ini dikenal dengan istilah Persekutuan."@in . . "Una federaci\u00F3 (del llat\u00ED f\u0153dus, \"pacte\"), sovint tamb\u00E9 anomenat estat federal, \u00E9s una uni\u00F3 d'un nombre espec\u00EDfic d'estats o regions parcialment aut\u00F2nomes unides per un govern central (\"federal\"). En una federaci\u00F3, l'estatus d'autonomia dels estats o regions que la constitueixen, normalment \u00E9s reconegut constitucionalment i no pot ser alterat per una decisi\u00F3 unilateral del govern central. Les federacions es conformen usualment per acord entre els estats i/o regions sobiranes, encara que no sempre gaudeixen del dret a la secessi\u00F3 de manera unilateral. At\u00E8s que una federaci\u00F3 combina un govern compartit i autonomia per a les unitats constituents, que mantenen la seva identitat i distinci\u00F3, cada cop m\u00E9s nacions han arribat a veure alguna forma de federalisme com la instituci\u00F3 m\u00E9s propera a la realitat multinacional del m\u00F3n contemporani. Els membres constituents d'un Estat federal o Federaci\u00F3 es coneixen gen\u00E8ricament com a estats federats."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Als Bundesstaat wird ein Staat bezeichnet, der aus mehreren Teil- oder Gliedstaaten zusammengesetzt ist. Rechtlich besteht ein solcher Bundesstaat aus mehreren Staatsrechtssubjekten, das hei\u00DFt politischen Ordnungen mit Staatsqualit\u00E4t, und vereint deshalb in der Regel verschiedene politische Ebenen in sich: eine Bundesebene und mindestens eine Ebene der Gliedstaaten. Damit unterscheidet sich der f\u00F6deral organisierte Staat sowohl von einem locker gef\u00FCgten Staatenbund als auch von einem zentralistischen Einheitsstaat."@de . . "\u8054\u90A6\u5236"@zh . . . . "\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . 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\u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03C3\u03C0\u03BF\u03BD\u03B4\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03AC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03C6\u03C9\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u039D\u03C4\u03AD\u03B9\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03C4\u03BF 1995, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF \u0399\u03C1\u03AC\u03BA \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF 2005, \u03B5\u03BD\u03CE \u03B5\u03AF\u03C7\u03B5 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B8\u03B5\u03AF \u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C0\u03AE \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03A3\u03C5\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03C3\u03C0\u03BF\u03BD\u03B4\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B9\u03B8\u03B1\u03BD\u03AE \u03BB\u03CD\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF \u03BF \u03A3\u03C5\u03C1\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03CC\u03C2 \u0395\u03BC\u03C6\u03CD\u03BB\u03B9\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C0\u03CC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03BF\u03C2. \u0395\u03C0\u03B9\u03C0\u03BB\u03AD\u03BF\u03BD, \u03C3\u03B5 \u03C7\u03CE\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03C9\u03C0\u03AF\u03B6\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C3\u03C7\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03AE\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1, \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03B7 \u0399\u03C3\u03C0\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1 (\u039A\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BB\u03BF\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1, \u03A7\u03CE\u03C1\u03B1 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u0392\u03AC\u03C3\u03BA\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03BB\u03C0) \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u0392\u03C1\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1 (\u03BA\u03C5\u03C1\u03AF\u03C9\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03A3\u03BA\u03C9\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1), \u03C5\u03C0\u03AC\u03C1\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03B9\u03B4\u03AD\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C3\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF \u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03C3\u03C0\u03BF\u03BD\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03CC \u03C3\u03CD\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1. \u039C\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF \u03A3\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u0397\u03BD\u03C9\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03A0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD \u03BD\u03B1 \u03AD\u03C7\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B5\u03B8\u03B5\u03AF \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B9\u03C3\u03C7\u03CD \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 4 \u039C\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1789, \u03BF\u03B9 \u0397\u03BD\u03C9\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B5\u03C2 \u03A0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03C0\u03B1\u03BB\u03B1\u03B9\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7 \u00AB\u03B5\u03BD \u03B6\u03C9\u03AE\u00BB \u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03C3\u03C0\u03BF\u03BD\u03B4\u03AF\u03B1, \u03B5\u03BD\u03CE \u03B7 \u03BD\u03B5\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF \u039D\u03B5\u03C0\u03AC\u03BB, \u03B1\u03C6\u03BF\u03CD \u03C4\u03BF \u03C3\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03AC \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B8\u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF \u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03C3\u03C0\u03BF\u03BD\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03CC \u03C3\u03CD\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C4\u03AD\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B9\u03C3\u03C7\u03CD \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 20 \u03A3\u03B5\u03C0\u03C4\u03B5\u03BC\u03B2\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 2015."@el . . . . . "\u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430"@uk . . . . . "Federacja (\u0142ac. foederatio \u201Eprzymierze\u201D), in. pa\u0144stwo zwi\u0105zkowe, pa\u0144stwo federalne (ang. federal state) \u2013 pa\u0144stwo sk\u0142adaj\u0105ce si\u0119 z cz\u0119\u015Bci obdarzonych autonomi\u0105 (stan\u00F3w, kraj\u00F3w zwi\u0105zkowych, prowincji, kanton\u00F3w lub emirat\u00F3w), ale posiadaj\u0105cych wsp\u00F3lny (federalny) rz\u0105d. Cz\u0119\u015Bci tworz\u0105ce federacj\u0119 posiadaj\u0105 zwykle szerok\u0105 autonomi\u0119 wewn\u0119trzn\u0105 oraz tworz\u0105 w niekt\u00F3rych kwestiach w\u0142asne prawa; wsp\u00F3lna jest waluta oraz polityka zagraniczna i obronna."@pl . . . . . . . . "Federaci\u00F3n"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central (federalism). In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states, as well as the division of power between them and the central government, is typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision, neither by the component states nor the federal political body. Alternatively, a federation is a form of government in which sovereign power is formally divided between a central authority and a number of constituent regions so that each region retains some degree of control over its internal affairs. It is often argued that federal states where the central government has overriding powers are not truly federal states. For example, such overriding powers may include: the constitutional authority to suspend a constituent state's government by invoking gross mismanagement or civil unrest, or to adopt national legislation that overrides or infringes on the constituent states' powers by invoking the central government's constitutional authority to ensure \"peace and good government\" or to implement obligations contracted under an international treaty. The governmental or constitutional structure found in a federation is considered to be federalist, or to be an example of federalism. It can be considered the opposite of another system, the unitary state. France, for example, has been unitary for many centuries.The Austrian Empire was a unitary state with crown lands, after the transformation into the Austria-Hungary monarchy the remaining crown lands of so-called Cisleithania became federated as L\u00E4nder of the Republic of Austria through the implementation of its constitution. Germany, with its 16 states, or L\u00E4nder, is an example of a federation. Federations are often multi-ethnic and cover a large area of territory (such as Russia, the United States, Canada, India, or Brazil), but neither is necessarily the case (such as Saint Kitts and Nevis or the Federated States of Micronesia). Several ancient chiefdoms and kingdoms, such as the 4th-century BCE League of Corinth, Noricum in Central Europe, and the Iroquois Confederacy in pre-Columbian North America, could be described as federations or confederations. The Old Swiss Confederacy was an early example of formal non-unitary statehood. Several colonies and dominions in the New World consisted of autonomous provinces, transformed to federal states upon independence such as the United States, and various countries in Latin America (see Spanish American wars of independence). Some of the New World federations failed; the Federal Republic of Central America broke up into independent states less than 20 years after its founding. Others, such as Argentina, have shifted between federal, confederal, and unitary systems, before settling into federalism. Brazil became a federation only after the fall of the monarchy, and Venezuela became a federation after the Federal War. Australia and Canada are also federations. Germany is another nation-state that has switched between confederal, federal and unitary rules, since the German Confederation was founded in 1815. The North German Confederation, the succeeding German Empire and the Weimar Republic were federations. Founded in 1922, the Soviet Union was formally a federation of Soviet republics, autonomous republics and other federal subjects, though in practice highly centralized under the government of the Soviet Union. The Russian Federation has inherited a similar system. India, Pakistan, Nigeria and Malaysia (then Federation of Malaya) became federations on or shortly before becoming independent from the British Empire. In some recent cases, federations have been instituted as a measure to handle ethnic conflict within a state, such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Iraq since 2005. With the United States Constitution having become effective on 4 March 1789, the United States is the oldest surviving federation, while the newest federation is Nepal, after its constitution went into effect on 20 September 2015."@en . . . .