. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The \"Female\" tank was a variation of the British heavy tank deployed during the First World War. It carried multiple machine guns instead of the mix of machine guns and cannons mounted on the \"male\" tank. Lieutenant-Colonel Ernest Swinton, who played a part in the development of the first British tank and who was co-creator of the term \"tank\" (originally a code word), is credited with inventing these gender-related terms, thinking that the best tank tactics would have the two types operating in concert. The prototype, nicknamed \"Mother\", and the first production models of what would become referred to as the Mark I were designed to carry two six-pounder guns and three machine-guns. Swinton expressed the fear that tanks armed in such a way might be unable to protect themselves from attacks by large numbers of enemy infantry. In April 1916, it was therefore decided that half of the 150 tanks on order should be fitted with machine guns in place of the six-pounders. A new sponson was designed so that the tank could carry two Vickers machine guns, with their cooling jackets protected by armoured sleeves, on each side of the hull. Swinton's idea was that tanks should operate in pairs: a \"destroyer\" (Swinton's original proposed name was \"Machine Gun Destroyer\") and a \"consort\" or \"man-killing\" tank, so that the two gave mutual protection. He stated that he then assigned the names \"male\" and \"female\" respectively. The designation \"male\" applied to those armed with six-pounder guns, whereas the \"female\" was the tank equipped only with machine guns. A consequence of these designations was that the prototype Mother was considered a \"male\" tank. The design of the female sponson allowed only a very small door, which made escape from the vehicle extremely difficult. From the Mark II onwards, a new design was introduced that was smaller, incorporated Lewis or Hotchkiss guns, and allowed for much larger doors. Both male and female tanks took part in the first tank action, on September 15, 1916, at the Battle of Flers-Courcelette, part of the Somme offensive on September 15, 1916. In 1918 it was decided that tanks should be \"hermaphrodite\", simultaneously male and female, carrying both heavy armament and lighter machine guns. For the World War I tanks, this was achieved by fitting them with one sponson of each type. A mixed ability armament of the heavy gun and multiple machine guns also became common practice on turreted designs, without sponsons. This has become the standard model for tank designs since World War I and since then the terms \"male\" and \"female\" have been disused. The basic idea underlying the concept of female tanks was widely used in design of light tanks and the first British infantry tanks in the years leading to World War II. Some armour of the World War II period, such as the German Ferdinand tank destroyer, were exclusively \"male\", having only their heavy gun. These were found to be susceptible to infantry attack and so a defensive machine gun was added in the improved version, the Elefant."@en . . . . . . "Tanc Femella"@ca . . . "The \"Female\" tank was a variation of the British heavy tank deployed during the First World War. It carried multiple machine guns instead of the mix of machine guns and cannons mounted on the \"male\" tank. Lieutenant-Colonel Ernest Swinton, who played a part in the development of the first British tank and who was co-creator of the term \"tank\" (originally a code word), is credited with inventing these gender-related terms, thinking that the best tank tactics would have the two types operating in concert."@en . . . . . "Tanque hembra"@es . "El tanque hembra fue una categor\u00EDa de veh\u00EDculos militares blindados (sobre todo durante parte de la Primera Guerra Mundial (1914-1918)), el cual ten\u00EDa varias ametralladoras frontales o laterales, en lugar del armamento m\u00E1s pesado que se pod\u00EDa ver en los (el cual b\u00E1sicamente consist\u00EDa en un ca\u00F1\u00F3n de grueso calibre montado en las barbetas). Como tales, los tanques \u201Chembra\u201D -los cuales eran naturalmente m\u00E1s livianos que sus contra partes \u201Cmacho\u201D- ten\u00EDan un rol contra los soldados de infanter\u00EDa enemigos que se desplazaban a pie."@es . . . . . . . . "1070457524"^^ . . . . "El tanc \u00ABFemella\u00BB era un tipus de tanc prevalent en la Primera Guerra Mundial, que tenia diverses metralladores en comptes d'armament pesant del que es podia veure en els tancs \u00ABmascles\u00BB. A m\u00E9s a m\u00E9s, els tancs femella tenien normalment un paper d'anti-infanteria."@ca . . . "2539056"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "El tanque hembra fue una categor\u00EDa de veh\u00EDculos militares blindados (sobre todo durante parte de la Primera Guerra Mundial (1914-1918)), el cual ten\u00EDa varias ametralladoras frontales o laterales, en lugar del armamento m\u00E1s pesado que se pod\u00EDa ver en los (el cual b\u00E1sicamente consist\u00EDa en un ca\u00F1\u00F3n de grueso calibre montado en las barbetas). Como tales, los tanques \u201Chembra\u201D -los cuales eran naturalmente m\u00E1s livianos que sus contra partes \u201Cmacho\u201D- ten\u00EDan un rol contra los soldados de infanter\u00EDa enemigos que se desplazaban a pie. Para el final de la Gran Guerra europea la tecnolog\u00EDa de tanques se hab\u00EDa desarrollado, en particular en relaci\u00F3n con los veh\u00EDculos blindados de ese tipo fabricados en el Reino Unido, hasta un punto en el que se decidi\u00F3 que los tanques deb\u00EDan ser tanto \u201Cmachos\u201D como \u201Chembras\u201D (es decir, que ten\u00EDan tanto armamento pesado y ligero o ametralladoras). Este ha sido el modelo est\u00E1ndar para el dise\u00F1o de tanques desde la Gran Guerra y desde entonces los t\u00E9rminos \u201Cmacho\u201D y \u201Chembra\u201D no se han usado. La idea b\u00E1sica que subyac\u00EDa al concepto de los tanques hembra fue m\u00E1s tarde usada en los veh\u00EDculos brit\u00E1nicos de ese tipo para la infanter\u00EDa en los a\u00F1os anteriores al inicio de la Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945). Los tanques hembra fueron usados por primera vez el 15 de septiembre de 1916 durante el transcurso de la denominada batalla del Somme, la cual por su parte constituy\u00F3 una ofensiva franco-brit\u00E1nica. Al respecto, el entonces cirujano J. N. Mac Bean Ross, quien en ese entonces pertenec\u00EDa al cuerpo m\u00E9dico brit\u00E1nico, escribi\u00F3 lo siguiente en su diario \u00EDntimo el martes 23 de enero de 1917: \u201CAl anochecer salimos con Spinney para ver un tanque que se hab\u00EDa atascado en tierra de nadie. [\u2026] \u2018Todos nosotros estamos en \u00E9l\u2019, un tanque hembra con ametralladoras. Muy interesante de verdad\u201D."@es . . . . "Female tank"@en . . . . "El tanc \u00ABFemella\u00BB era un tipus de tanc prevalent en la Primera Guerra Mundial, que tenia diverses metralladores en comptes d'armament pesant del que es podia veure en els tancs \u00ABmascles\u00BB. A m\u00E9s a m\u00E9s, els tancs femella tenien normalment un paper d'anti-infanteria."@ca . . . . . . . . "4844"^^ . . . .