. . "1112523"^^ . "7370"^^ . . . . . "Filippo Pacini (25. kv\u011Btna 1812 Pistoia \u2013 9. \u010Dervna 1883, Florencie) byl italsk\u00FD anatom, posmrtn\u011B zn\u00E1m\u00FD jako prvn\u00ED \u010Dlov\u011Bk, kter\u00FD roku 1854 izoloval p\u016Fvodce cholery - Vibrio cholerae. Stalo se tak o 30 let d\u0159\u00EDve, ne\u017E se tot\u00E9\u017E poda\u0159ilo Robertu Kochovi, kter\u00FD je dnes v\u0161eobecn\u011B chybn\u011B pova\u017Eovan\u00FD za jeho objevitele."@cs . "Filippo Pacini (25. kv\u011Btna 1812 Pistoia \u2013 9. \u010Dervna 1883, Florencie) byl italsk\u00FD anatom, posmrtn\u011B zn\u00E1m\u00FD jako prvn\u00ED \u010Dlov\u011Bk, kter\u00FD roku 1854 izoloval p\u016Fvodce cholery - Vibrio cholerae. Stalo se tak o 30 let d\u0159\u00EDve, ne\u017E se tot\u00E9\u017E poda\u0159ilo Robertu Kochovi, kter\u00FD je dnes v\u0161eobecn\u011B chybn\u011B pova\u017Eovan\u00FD za jeho objevitele."@cs . . "Filippo Pacini, n\u00E9 le 25 mai 1812 \u00E0 Pistoia, Toscane, mort le 9 juillet 1883 \u00E0 Florence, est un anatomiste italien, devenu c\u00E9l\u00E8bre apr\u00E8s sa mort pour avoir isol\u00E9 le bacille du chol\u00E9ra (Vibrio cholerae) en 1854, une trentaine d'ann\u00E9es avant que Robert Koch ne refasse cette d\u00E9couverte avec un beaucoup plus grand succ\u00E8s dans l'opinion."@fr . . . "Filippo Pacini"@de . . . . . . "1812-05-25"^^ . . . . . "\u83F2\u5229\u6CE2\u00B7\u5E15\u897F\u5C3C"@zh . . "--07-09"^^ . . . "Filippo Pacini, n\u00E9 le 25 mai 1812 \u00E0 Pistoia, Toscane, mort le 9 juillet 1883 \u00E0 Florence, est un anatomiste italien, devenu c\u00E9l\u00E8bre apr\u00E8s sa mort pour avoir isol\u00E9 le bacille du chol\u00E9ra (Vibrio cholerae) en 1854, une trentaine d'ann\u00E9es avant que Robert Koch ne refasse cette d\u00E9couverte avec un beaucoup plus grand succ\u00E8s dans l'opinion."@fr . . . . "\u0424\u0456\u043B\u0456\u043F\u043F\u043E \u041F\u0430\u0447\u0456\u043D\u0456"@uk . . . . . . . "Filippo Pacini"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Filippo Pacini"@it . . . . . . . "Florence Lyceum"@en . . . . "Filippo Pacini"@es . . . . . . . "\u0424\u0438\u043B\u0438\u043F\u043F\u043E \u041F\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0438 (Filippo Pacini; 1812\u20141883) \u2014 \u0438\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u044F\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C."@ru . "\u83F2\u5229\u6CE2\u00B7\u5E15\u897F\u5C3C\uFF08\u7FA9\u5927\u5229\u8A9E\uFF1AFilippo Pacini\uFF1B1812\u5E745\u670825\u65E5\uFF0D1883\u5E747\u67089\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u610F\u5927\u5229\u89E3\u5256\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF0C\u751F\u524D\u9996\u6B21\u5206\u79BB\u4E86\u970D\u4E71\u5F27\u83CC\uFF081854\u5E74\uFF09\uFF0C\u6BD4\u7F57\u4F2F\u7279\u00B7\u79D1\u8D6B\u7684\u53D1\u73B0\u65E9\u8FD130\u5E74\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u5176\u53BB\u4E16\u540E\u624D\u5E7F\u4E3A\u4EBA\u77E5\u3002\u6B64\u5916\uFF0C\u76AE\u80A4\u529B\u5B66\u611F\u53D7\u5668\u201C\u5E15\u897F\u5C3C\u6C0F\u5C0F\u4F53\u201D\u4E5F\u662F\u4EE5\u4ED6\u7684\u540D\u5B57\u547D\u540D\u3002"@zh . . . "\u0641\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u062A\u0634\u064A\u0646\u064A (1812 - 1883)\u060C \u0637\u0628\u064A\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062A\u0634\u0631\u064A\u062D \u0625\u064A\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064A\u060C \u062A\u064F\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u062C\u0631\u062B\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1854\u060C \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u064F\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062A \u0643\u0648\u062E \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0631\u063A\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u064E\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064B \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0646\u064A."@ar . . . . . . . "\u0424\u0456\u043B\u0456\u043F\u043F\u043E \u041F\u0430\u0447\u0456\u043D\u0456 (\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043B. Filippo Pacini) \u2014 \u0456\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0439 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044F\u043C \u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0445\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0438."@uk . . . "Filippo Pacini (* 25. Mai 1812 in Pistoia; \u2020 9. Juli 1883 in Florenz) war ein italienischer Anatom."@de . . "\u0641\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u062A\u0634\u064A\u0646\u064A (1812 - 1883)\u060C \u0637\u0628\u064A\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062A\u0634\u0631\u064A\u062D \u0625\u064A\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064A\u060C \u062A\u064F\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u062C\u0631\u062B\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1854\u060C \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u064F\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062A \u0643\u0648\u062E \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0631\u063A\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u064E\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064B \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0646\u064A."@ar . . "Pistoia, Tuscany"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Filippo Pacini"@cs . . . . . . "Italian"@en . "Filippo Pacini"@en . "Filippo Pacini (Pistoia, 25 maggio 1812 \u2013 Firenze, 9 luglio 1883) \u00E8 stato un anatomista e patologo italiano.Scopritore del vibrione del colera e dei nervi del tatto delle dita."@it . . . . . . "Institute of Human Anatomy"@en . . "Filippo Pacini (25 May 1812 \u2013 9 July 1883) was an Italian anatomist, posthumously famous for isolating the cholera bacterium Vibrio cholerae in 1854, well before Robert Koch's more widely accepted discoveries 30 years later. Pacini was born in Pistoia, Tuscany, to Francesco, a humble cobbler, and Umilt\u00E0 Dolfi, but was given a religious education in hopes that he would become a bishop. However, in 1830, he was given a scholarship to the most venerable medical school in Pistoia. He learned his job as a doctor and how to examine and dissect dead bodies under a microscope."@en . . . . "Filippo Pacini (* 25. Mai 1812 in Pistoia; \u2020 9. Juli 1883 in Florenz) war ein italienischer Anatom."@de . "1123935656"^^ . "Filippo Pacini"@pl . . . "\u0424\u0456\u043B\u0456\u043F\u043F\u043E \u041F\u0430\u0447\u0456\u043D\u0456 (\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043B. Filippo Pacini) \u2014 \u0456\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0439 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044F\u043C \u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0445\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0438."@uk . . . "Italian"@en . . "Filippo Pacini (Pistoia, 25 de mayo de 1812-Florencia, 9 de julio de 1883) fue un investigador m\u00E9dico anatomista italiano."@es . "Filippo Pacini"@sv . . . . "\u041F\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0438, \u0424\u0438\u043B\u0438\u043F\u043F\u043E"@ru . "Filippo Pacini (25 May 1812 \u2013 9 July 1883) was an Italian anatomist, posthumously famous for isolating the cholera bacterium Vibrio cholerae in 1854, well before Robert Koch's more widely accepted discoveries 30 years later. Pacini was born in Pistoia, Tuscany, to Francesco, a humble cobbler, and Umilt\u00E0 Dolfi, but was given a religious education in hopes that he would become a bishop. However, in 1830, he was given a scholarship to the most venerable medical school in Pistoia. He learned his job as a doctor and how to examine and dissect dead bodies under a microscope. In 1831, during a dissection class, Pacini discovered small sensory organs in the nervous system which can detect pressure and vibrations. He studied them closely from 1833 on, and first discussed them in 1835 at the Societ\u00E0 medico-fisica in Florence, but did not publish his research (\"Nuovi organi scoperti nel corpo umano\") until 1840. Within just a few years, the work was widely known in Europe and the bodies had become known as Pacinian corpuscles. He served as an assistant to Paolo Savi in Pisa from 1840 to 1843, then began working at the Institute of Human Anatomy. He was professor of anatomy at the University of Pisa from 1844 to 1846. In 1847, Pacini began teaching at the Lyceum in Florence, and then was named chair of General and Topographic Anatomy at the \"Istituto di Studi Superiori\" at the University of Florence in 1849, where he remained to the end of his career. The Asiatic cholera pandemic of 1846-63 was the time period when Pacini made his discovery of the cholera bacillus. Cholera came to Florence in 1854 during the Asiatic Cholera Pandemic of 1846-63. Pacini became very interested in the disease. Immediately following the death of cholera patients, he performed an autopsy and with his microscope, conducted histological examinations of the intestinal mucosa. During such studies, Pacini discovered a comma-shaped bacillus which he described as a Vibrio. He published a paper in 1854 entitled, \"Microscopical observations and pathological deductions on cholera\" in which he described the organism and its relation to the disease. His microscopic slides of the organism were clearly labeled, identifying the date and nature of his investigations (see figure). But because of the prevailing belief of Italian scientists in the miasma theory of disease, the work was not noted by others until many years after his death, despite additional publications in 1865, 1866, 1871, 1876, and 1880 which identified the cause of the disease's lethality, and even proposed some effective treatments. John Snow, who disproved the miasma theory, and Robert Koch, were widely and erroneously credited with the discovery of the bacillum 30 years later. Pacini's work was repeatedly published and readily available to the international scientific community via the English translation published in The British and Foreign Medico-chirurgical Review, Volume 38, July 1866. Also in 1854, the Catalan discovered the cholera bacterium. When Koch, a much more widely respected scientist who had previously identified the tuberculosis bacillus, presented his findings to the Cholera Commission of the Imperial Health Office in Berlin in 1884, the commission congratulated him, but also recognized Pacini's previous discovery of the bacterium. In 1965, the international committee on nomenclature adopted the formal name Vibrio cholerae Pacini 1854 to honor his work. During his career, Pacini also published several studies on the retina of the human eye, the electric organs in electric fishes, the structure of bone, and the mechanics of respiration. Pacini spent most of the money remaining after his scientific investigations on the long-term care of his two ailing sisters, Assunta and Maria Giustina. He died nearly penniless in Florence on July 9, 1883, and was buried in the cemetery of the Misericordia. In 1935, his remains were transferred to the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Pistoia, along with the remains of Atto Tigri and Filippo Civinini, two other noted anatomists."@en . "Filippo Pacini (Pistoia, 25 maggio 1812 \u2013 Firenze, 9 luglio 1883) \u00E8 stato un anatomista e patologo italiano.Scopritore del vibrione del colera e dei nervi del tatto delle dita."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0641\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u062A\u0634\u064A\u0646\u064A"@ar . "Filippo Pacini"@en . . . . "Filippo Pacini, f\u00F6dd den 25 maj 1812 i Pistoia, d\u00F6d den 9 juli 1883 i Florens, var en italiensk anatom. Pacini blev 1847 professor i deskriptiv anatomi samt 1849 i topografisk anatomi och histologi i Florens. Redan 1835 uppt\u00E4ckte han de visserligen l\u00E5ngt tidigare av Abraham Vater beskrivna, men d\u00E5 f\u00F6r l\u00E4nge sedan gl\u00F6mda k\u00E4nselkropparna, vilka sedan burit hans namn, Pacinis kroppar. 1845 offentliggjorde han en beskrivning av \u00F6gats n\u00E4thinna. Under koleraepidemin 1854-55 studerade han tarmslemhinnans sjukliga f\u00F6r\u00E4ndringar vid kolera. Han fann, vad redan f\u00F6re honom framh\u00E5llit, i tarmutt\u00F6mningarna miljoner sm\u00E5 stavformiga kroppar, vilka han ans\u00E5g som den egentliga orsaken till sjukdomen. Bland de avbildningar av dessa, som han meddelar, finnas \u00E4ven n\u00E5gra med den karakteristiska kommaformen, so"@sv . . . "Filippo Pacini (Pistoia, 25 de mayo de 1812-Florencia, 9 de julio de 1883) fue un investigador m\u00E9dico anatomista italiano."@es . . . . "Filippo Pacini"@en . . "1812-05-25"^^ . . . . "Filippo Pacini (ur. 25 maja 1812 w Pistoi, zm. 9 lipca 1883 we Florencji) \u2013 w\u0142oski lekarz, anatom. Po\u015Bmiertnie uznano jego pierwsze\u0144stwo w odkryciu przecinkowc\u00F3w cholery w 1854 roku, trzydzie\u015Bci lat przed odkryciem ich przez Roberta Kocha."@pl . . "\u0424\u0438\u043B\u0438\u043F\u043F\u043E \u041F\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0438 (Filippo Pacini; 1812\u20141883) \u2014 \u0438\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u044F\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C."@ru . "\u83F2\u5229\u6CE2\u00B7\u5E15\u897F\u5C3C\uFF08\u7FA9\u5927\u5229\u8A9E\uFF1AFilippo Pacini\uFF1B1812\u5E745\u670825\u65E5\uFF0D1883\u5E747\u67089\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u610F\u5927\u5229\u89E3\u5256\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF0C\u751F\u524D\u9996\u6B21\u5206\u79BB\u4E86\u970D\u4E71\u5F27\u83CC\uFF081854\u5E74\uFF09\uFF0C\u6BD4\u7F57\u4F2F\u7279\u00B7\u79D1\u8D6B\u7684\u53D1\u73B0\u65E9\u8FD130\u5E74\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u5176\u53BB\u4E16\u540E\u624D\u5E7F\u4E3A\u4EBA\u77E5\u3002\u6B64\u5916\uFF0C\u76AE\u80A4\u529B\u5B66\u611F\u53D7\u5668\u201C\u5E15\u897F\u5C3C\u6C0F\u5C0F\u4F53\u201D\u4E5F\u662F\u4EE5\u4ED6\u7684\u540D\u5B57\u547D\u540D\u3002"@zh . "Filippo Pacini (ur. 25 maja 1812 w Pistoi, zm. 9 lipca 1883 we Florencji) \u2013 w\u0142oski lekarz, anatom. Po\u015Bmiertnie uznano jego pierwsze\u0144stwo w odkryciu przecinkowc\u00F3w cholery w 1854 roku, trzydzie\u015Bci lat przed odkryciem ich przez Roberta Kocha."@pl . "Filippo Pacini, f\u00F6dd den 25 maj 1812 i Pistoia, d\u00F6d den 9 juli 1883 i Florens, var en italiensk anatom. Pacini blev 1847 professor i deskriptiv anatomi samt 1849 i topografisk anatomi och histologi i Florens. Redan 1835 uppt\u00E4ckte han de visserligen l\u00E5ngt tidigare av Abraham Vater beskrivna, men d\u00E5 f\u00F6r l\u00E4nge sedan gl\u00F6mda k\u00E4nselkropparna, vilka sedan burit hans namn, Pacinis kroppar. 1845 offentliggjorde han en beskrivning av \u00F6gats n\u00E4thinna. Under koleraepidemin 1854-55 studerade han tarmslemhinnans sjukliga f\u00F6r\u00E4ndringar vid kolera. Han fann, vad redan f\u00F6re honom framh\u00E5llit, i tarmutt\u00F6mningarna miljoner sm\u00E5 stavformiga kroppar, vilka han ans\u00E5g som den egentliga orsaken till sjukdomen. Bland de avbildningar av dessa, som han meddelar, finnas \u00E4ven n\u00E5gra med den karakteristiska kommaformen, som utm\u00E4rker kolerabacillen."@sv .