. . . . . . . . . . . "Premier mouvement homosexuel"@fr . . . . . . . . . . "\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u540C\u6027\u6200\u904B\u52D5"@zh . . . . . . "First homosexual movement"@en . . "Con la definizione di primo movimento omosessuale ci si riferisce a quelle personalit\u00E0 e forme di associazionismo, pi\u00F9 o meno organizzate, che si sono battute a favore dei diritti LGBT dalla seconda met\u00E0 del XIX secolo alla prima met\u00E0 del XX secolo (sebbene sia da notare che l'acronimo LGBT \u00E8 di datazione molto pi\u00F9 recente); questo principalmente, ma non solo, in Germania e in ambito culturale tedesco."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "On appelle premier mouvement homosexuel le mouvement de lutte pour les droits LGBT qui se d\u00E9veloppe pendant les trois premi\u00E8res d\u00E9cennies du XXe si\u00E8cle, principalement en Allemagne mais \u00E9galement dans d'autres pays d'Europe et aux \u00C9tats-Unis."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Es denomina primer moviment homosexual el moviment de lluita pels drets LGBT que es va donar en les primeres tres d\u00E8cades del segle xx, principalment a Alemanya, per\u00F2 tamb\u00E9 en uns altres pa\u00EFsos d'Europa i als Estats Units. El moviment t\u00E9 localitzades les arrels en els escrits de mitjan segle xix de Heinrich H\u00F6ssli, Karl Heinrich Ulrichs i K\u00E1roly M\u00E1ria Kertbeny, els tres dins de la cultura de parla alemanya. Habitualment se situa el comen\u00E7ament del primer moviment homosexual amb la creaci\u00F3 el 1897 a Berl\u00EDn del Wissenschaftlich-humanit\u00E4res Komitee de Magnus Hirschfeld. Dins del moviment alemany hi va haver altres dos corrents importants liderats per Adolf Brand i Friedrich Radszuweit. Aquest moviment no nom\u00E9s va publicar nombroses obraes i revistes sobre el tema, sin\u00F3 que, malgrat les nombroses dificultats, es va implicar activament per aconseguir l'acceptaci\u00F3 de l'homosexualitat en la societat i l'eliminaci\u00F3 de l'article 175 del codi penal alemany, que convertia l'homosexualitat en il\u00B7legal. El moviment alemany es va estendre per Europa Occidental i els Estats Units, i el 1928 es va fundar la Lliga mundial per la reforma sexual, una organitzaci\u00F3 internacional que, entre altres objectius, buscava l'acceptaci\u00F3 de l'homosexualitat. Tanmateix, tot aquest moviment es va veure impossibilitat des de mitjan d\u00E8cada de 1930 per l'ascens del feixisme i l'inici de la Segona Guerra Mundial, i va desapar\u00E8ixer, per\u00F2 va deixar a Su\u00EFssa una llavor que permetria el naixement del moviment hom\u00F2fil despr\u00E9s de la guerra."@ca . . . "1122573196"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u540C\u6027\u6200\u904B\u52D5\u5F9E19\u4E16\u7D00\u5F8C\u671F\u52301933\u5E74\u5F97\u5230\u84EC\u52C3\u767C\u5C55\u3002\u540C\u6027\u6200\u904B\u52D5\u8D77\u6E90\u65BC\u5FB7\u570B\uFF0C\u7531\u591A\u7A2E\u539F\u56E0\u4FC3\u6210\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u7537\u7537\u6027\u884C\u70BA\u5211\u4E8B\u5B9A\u7F6A\uFF08\u7B2C175\u689D\uFF09\u4EE5\u53CA\u8A72\u570B\u76F8\u5C0D\u5BEC\u9B06\u7684\u5BE9\u67E5\u5236\u5EA6\u300219\u4E16\u7D00\u4E2D\u8449\u7684\u5FB7\u570B\u4F5C\u5BB6\u5275\u9020\u300C\u540C\u6027\u6200\u300D\u4E00\u8A5E\uFF0C\u4E26\u6279\u8A55\u5C07\u5176\u5B9A\u70BA\u6709\u7F6A\u30021897\u5E74\uFF0C\u9A6C\u683C\u52AA\u65AF\u00B7\u8D6B\u5E0C\u83F2\u5C14\u5FB7\u6210\u7ACB\u4E16\u754C\u9996\u500B\u540C\u6027\u6200\u7D44\u7E54\u79D1\u5B78\u4EBA\u9053\u59D4\u54E1\u6703\uFF0C\u610F\u5728\u4F7F\u7528\u79D1\u5B78\u4F86\u63D0\u5347\u5927\u773E\u5C0D\u540C\u6027\u6200\u7684\u5BB9\u5FCD\u5EA6\uFF0C\u4E26\u64A4\u92B7\u7B2C175\u689D\u3002\u904B\u52D5\u5728\u5FB7\u610F\u5FD7\u5E1D\u570B\u671F\u9593\u53EA\u5728\u53D7\u904E\u826F\u597D\u6559\u80B2\u7684\u7CBE\u82F1\u5167\u6D41\u50B3\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6230\u548C\u5FB7\u570B\u9769\u547D\u4E4B\u5F8C\u5927\u5927\u64F4\u5C55\u3002 \u5A01\u746A\u5171\u548C\u570B\u7684\u540C\u6027\u6200\u4E9E\u6587\u5316\u58EF\u5927\uFF0C\u6709\u95DC\u5BE9\u67E5\u5F97\u4EE5\u653E\u5BEC\uFF0C\u4FC3\u4F7F\u540C\u6027\u6200\u904B\u52D5\u767C\u5C55\u30021919\u81F31933\u5E74\u9593\uFF0C\u9996\u6279\u9762\u5411\u7537\u540C\u6027\u6200\u3001\u5973\u540C\u6027\u6200\u6216\u7570\u88DD\u8B80\u8005\u7684\u5927\u773E\u5E02\u5834\u671F\u520A\u51FA\u7248\uFF0C\u4F46\u8981\u9762\u81E81926\u5E74\u767C\u4F48\u5F8C\u7684\u5BE9\u67E5\u8A34\u8A1F\u548C\u7981\u6B62\u516C\u958B\u92B7\u552E\u3002\u7B2C\u4E00\u500B\u540C\u6027\u6200\u7FA4\u773E\u7D44\u7E54\u548C\u5728\u6230\u5F8C\u6210\u7ACB\uFF0C\u9019\u4E9B\u7D44\u7E54\u5F37\u8ABF\u4EBA\u6B0A\u548C\u5C0A\u91CD\u653F\u6CBB\uFF0C\u4E26\u6392\u65A5\u5993\u5973\u548C\u5973\u6027\u5316\u7684\u7537\u540C\u6027\u6200\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5011\u8A8D\u70BA\u9019\u4E9B\u4EBA\u6709\u640D\u904B\u52D5\u7684\u516C\u773E\u5F62\u8C61\u3002\u540C\u6027\u6200\u904B\u52D5\u5728\u666E\u7F85\u5927\u773E\u7684\u6536\u6548\u751A\u5FAE\uFF0C\u539F\u56E0\u662F\u8A31\u591A\u5FB7\u570B\u4EBA\u89BA\u5F97\u540C\u6027\u6200\u5177\u6709\u50B3\u67D3\u6027\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Se denomina primer movimiento homosexual al movimiento de lucha por los derechos LGBT que se dio en las primeras tres d\u00E9cadas del siglo XX, principalmente en Alemania, pero tambi\u00E9n en otros pa\u00EDses de Europa y en Estados Unidos.\u200B\u200B El movimiento tiene localizadas sus ra\u00EDces en los escritos de mediados del siglo XIX de Heinrich H\u00F6ssli, Karl Heinrich Ulrichs y K\u00E1roly M\u00E1ria Kertbeny, los tres dentro de la cultura de habla alemana. Habitualmente se sit\u00FAa el comienzo del primer movimiento homosexual con la creaci\u00F3n en 1897 en Berl\u00EDn del Wissenschaftlich-humanit\u00E4res Komitee de Magnus Hirschfeld.\u200B Dentro del movimiento alem\u00E1n hubo otras dos corrientes importantes lideradas por Adolf Brand y Friedrich Radszuweit. Este movimiento no solo public\u00F3 innumerables obras y revistas sobre el tema, sino que, a pesar de numerosas dificultades, se implic\u00F3 activamente para conseguir la aceptaci\u00F3n de la homosexualidad en la sociedad y la eliminaci\u00F3n del art\u00EDculo 175 del c\u00F3digo penal alem\u00E1n, que convert\u00EDa la homosexualidad en ilegal.\u200B El movimiento alem\u00E1n se extendi\u00F3 por Europa Occidental y Estados Unidos, fund\u00E1ndose en 1928 la Liga mundial por la reforma sexual, una organizaci\u00F3n internacional que, entre otros objetivos, buscaba la aceptaci\u00F3n de la homosexualidad. Sin embargo, todo este movimiento se vio imposibilitado desde mediados de la d\u00E9cada de 1930 por el ascenso del fascismo y el inicio de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, desapareciendo, pero dejando en Suiza una semilla que permitir\u00EDa el nacimiento del movimiento hom\u00F3filo tras la Guerra."@es . . . "Primo movimento omosessuale"@it . . . "Primer movimiento homosexual"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The first homosexual movement thrived in Germany from the late nineteenth century until 1933. The movement began in Germany because of a confluence of factors, including the criminalization of sex between men (Paragraph 175) and the country's relatively lax censorship. German writers in the mid-nineteenth century coined the word homosexual and criticized its criminalization. In 1897, Magnus Hirschfeld founded the world's first homosexual organization, the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee, whose aim was to use science to improve public tolerance of homosexuality and repeal Paragraph 175. During the German Empire, the movement was restricted to an educated elite, but it greatly expanded in the aftermath of World War I and the German Revolution. Reduced censorship and the growth of homosexual subcultures in German cities helped the movement to flourish during the Weimar Republic. Between 1919 and 1933, the first publicly sold, mass-market periodicals intended for a gay, lesbian, or transvestite readership were published, although they faced censorship lawsuits and bans on public sale after the 1926 . The first mass organizations for homosexuals, the and the League for Human Rights, were founded in the aftermath of the war. These organizations emphasized human rights and respectability politics, and they excluded prostitutes and effeminate homosexual men, who were considered harmful to the movement's public image. The homosexual movement had limited success with the general public, because many Germans believed that homosexuality could be spread as a communicable disease. The movement began to wane in 1929 with the Great Depression, an increasingly hostile political climate, and the failure of the movement's main goal, the repeal of Paragraph 175. It effectively ended within a few months of the Nazi takeover in early 1933, and the relative tolerance of the Weimar era was followed by the most severe persecution of homosexual men in history. The Weimar Republic has held enduring interest for many LGBT people as a brief interlude in which gay men, lesbians, and transvestites took advantage of unprecedented freedoms. The movement had a strong influence on later LGBT movements."@en . . . . . . . . . . "Con la definizione di primo movimento omosessuale ci si riferisce a quelle personalit\u00E0 e forme di associazionismo, pi\u00F9 o meno organizzate, che si sono battute a favore dei diritti LGBT dalla seconda met\u00E0 del XIX secolo alla prima met\u00E0 del XX secolo (sebbene sia da notare che l'acronimo LGBT \u00E8 di datazione molto pi\u00F9 recente); questo principalmente, ma non solo, in Germania e in ambito culturale tedesco. Il movimento ha le sue radici negli scritti di tre autori di lingua tedesca della met\u00E0 dell'800, l'autore svizzero Heinrich H\u00F6ssli, l'avvocato Karl Heinrich Ulrichs e l'ungherese K\u00E1roly M\u00E1ria Kertbeny. Di solito la nascita vera e propria del primo movimento di liberazione omosessuale viene situato cronologicamente nel 1897 con la fondazione, da parte del medico socialista di origini ebraiche Magnus Hirschfeld del Wissenschaftlich-humanit\u00E4res Komitee avvenuta a Berlino ed esistito fino al 1933. All'interno del movimento tedesco vi erano anche altre due importanti tendenze, una pi\u00F9 anarchicheggiante (seguace dell'anarco-individualismo) e al contempo con simpatie rivolte verso la destra guidata da Adolf Brand, la quale vedeva molto di cattivo occhio l'eccessiva \"pubblicit\u00E0\" fatta all'effeminatezza da parte di Hirschfeld ed del suo Comitato; proponendone un'alternativa nel concetto di \"omosessualit\u00E0 mascolina\" ispirata alla storia della pederastia (soprattutto quella riferita all'antica pederastia greca, di stampo guerriero, perfettamente inserita nel sistema sociale ed essenzialmente pedagogica); l'altra pi\u00F9 rivolta alla cultura, alla stampa e all'editoria seguita dallo scrittore e pubblicista Friedrich Radszuweit. Questo primo movimento non solo ha pubblicato libri e riviste sull'argomento ma anche, nonostante le numerose difficolt\u00E0, ha partecipato attivamente impegnandosi per ottenere l'accettazione dell'omosessualit\u00E0 da parte del tessuto sociale e in ambito politico-giuridico con la richiesta di abolizione del paragrafo 175, la legge tedesca che criminalizzava tutti gli atti omosessuali tra uomini adulti consenzienti. Il movimento tedesco si \u00E8 successivamente propagato in altri paesi dell'Europa occidentale giungendo fino agli Stati Uniti d'America, con la istituita nel 1928; un'organizzazione internazionale che, tra gli altri obiettivi, aveva quello di favorire una maggior accettazione dell'omosessualit\u00E0 tra la popolazione. Tuttavia, questo movimento fu impossibilitato a proseguire la sua opera dai primi anni '30 del '900, a causa dell'ascesa sempre pi\u00F9 massiccia dell'ideologia fascista in molte nazioni europee e, subito dopo, con l'avvio della seconda guerra mondiale; scomparendo cos\u00EC dappertutto ma lasciando un seme in Svizzera - tramite la rivista Der Kreis - il quale avrebbe permesso la nascita nell'immediato dopoguerra del movimento omofilo, diretto predecessore delle attuali associazioni LGBT."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u540C\u6027\u6200\u904B\u52D5\u5F9E19\u4E16\u7D00\u5F8C\u671F\u52301933\u5E74\u5F97\u5230\u84EC\u52C3\u767C\u5C55\u3002\u540C\u6027\u6200\u904B\u52D5\u8D77\u6E90\u65BC\u5FB7\u570B\uFF0C\u7531\u591A\u7A2E\u539F\u56E0\u4FC3\u6210\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u7537\u7537\u6027\u884C\u70BA\u5211\u4E8B\u5B9A\u7F6A\uFF08\u7B2C175\u689D\uFF09\u4EE5\u53CA\u8A72\u570B\u76F8\u5C0D\u5BEC\u9B06\u7684\u5BE9\u67E5\u5236\u5EA6\u300219\u4E16\u7D00\u4E2D\u8449\u7684\u5FB7\u570B\u4F5C\u5BB6\u5275\u9020\u300C\u540C\u6027\u6200\u300D\u4E00\u8A5E\uFF0C\u4E26\u6279\u8A55\u5C07\u5176\u5B9A\u70BA\u6709\u7F6A\u30021897\u5E74\uFF0C\u9A6C\u683C\u52AA\u65AF\u00B7\u8D6B\u5E0C\u83F2\u5C14\u5FB7\u6210\u7ACB\u4E16\u754C\u9996\u500B\u540C\u6027\u6200\u7D44\u7E54\u79D1\u5B78\u4EBA\u9053\u59D4\u54E1\u6703\uFF0C\u610F\u5728\u4F7F\u7528\u79D1\u5B78\u4F86\u63D0\u5347\u5927\u773E\u5C0D\u540C\u6027\u6200\u7684\u5BB9\u5FCD\u5EA6\uFF0C\u4E26\u64A4\u92B7\u7B2C175\u689D\u3002\u904B\u52D5\u5728\u5FB7\u610F\u5FD7\u5E1D\u570B\u671F\u9593\u53EA\u5728\u53D7\u904E\u826F\u597D\u6559\u80B2\u7684\u7CBE\u82F1\u5167\u6D41\u50B3\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6230\u548C\u5FB7\u570B\u9769\u547D\u4E4B\u5F8C\u5927\u5927\u64F4\u5C55\u3002 \u5A01\u746A\u5171\u548C\u570B\u7684\u540C\u6027\u6200\u4E9E\u6587\u5316\u58EF\u5927\uFF0C\u6709\u95DC\u5BE9\u67E5\u5F97\u4EE5\u653E\u5BEC\uFF0C\u4FC3\u4F7F\u540C\u6027\u6200\u904B\u52D5\u767C\u5C55\u30021919\u81F31933\u5E74\u9593\uFF0C\u9996\u6279\u9762\u5411\u7537\u540C\u6027\u6200\u3001\u5973\u540C\u6027\u6200\u6216\u7570\u88DD\u8B80\u8005\u7684\u5927\u773E\u5E02\u5834\u671F\u520A\u51FA\u7248\uFF0C\u4F46\u8981\u9762\u81E81926\u5E74\u767C\u4F48\u5F8C\u7684\u5BE9\u67E5\u8A34\u8A1F\u548C\u7981\u6B62\u516C\u958B\u92B7\u552E\u3002\u7B2C\u4E00\u500B\u540C\u6027\u6200\u7FA4\u773E\u7D44\u7E54\u548C\u5728\u6230\u5F8C\u6210\u7ACB\uFF0C\u9019\u4E9B\u7D44\u7E54\u5F37\u8ABF\u4EBA\u6B0A\u548C\u5C0A\u91CD\u653F\u6CBB\uFF0C\u4E26\u6392\u65A5\u5993\u5973\u548C\u5973\u6027\u5316\u7684\u7537\u540C\u6027\u6200\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5011\u8A8D\u70BA\u9019\u4E9B\u4EBA\u6709\u640D\u904B\u52D5\u7684\u516C\u773E\u5F62\u8C61\u3002\u540C\u6027\u6200\u904B\u52D5\u5728\u666E\u7F85\u5927\u773E\u7684\u6536\u6548\u751A\u5FAE\uFF0C\u539F\u56E0\u662F\u8A31\u591A\u5FB7\u570B\u4EBA\u89BA\u5F97\u540C\u6027\u6200\u5177\u6709\u50B3\u67D3\u6027\u3002 \u96A8\u8457\u5927\u8427\u6761\u3001\u65E5\u76CA\u60E1\u52A3\u7684\u653F\u6CBB\u6C23\u5019\u548C\u904B\u52D5\u5EE2\u9664\u7B2C175\u689D\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u76EE\u6A19\u4EE5\u5931\u6557\u544A\u7D42\uFF0C\u904B\u52D5\u65BC1929\u5E74\u958B\u59CB\u8D70\u5411\u8870\u843D\u3002\u4E8B\u5BE6\u4E0A\u6D3B\u52D5\u5728\u7D0D\u7CB9\u65BC1933\u5E74\u521D\u63A5\u7BA1\u5F8C\u7684\u5E7E\u500B\u6708\u5167\u5C31\u7D50\u675F\uFF0C\u5A01\u746A\u6642\u671F\u7684\u76F8\u5C0D\u5BEC\u5BB9\u96A8\u4E4B\u800C\u4F86\u7684\u662F\u6B77\u53F2\u4E0A\u5C0D\u540C\u6027\u6200\u6700\u56B4\u91CD\u7684\u8FEB\u5BB3\u3002\u5A01\u746A\u5171\u548C\u570B\u662F\u7537\u540C\u6027\u6200\u3001\u5973\u540C\u6027\u6200\u548C\u6613\u670D\u4EBA\u58EB\u4EAB\u6709\u524D\u6240\u672A\u6709\u81EA\u7531\u7684\u5C0F\u63D2\u66F2\uFF0C\u6240\u4EE5\u5C0DLGBT\u4EBA\u58EB\u4F86\u8AAA\u6709\u8457\u6B77\u4E45\u4E0D\u8870\u7684\u5438\u5F15\u529B\u3002\u9019\u5834\u904B\u52D5\u5C0D\u4E4B\u5F8C\u7684LGBT\u6B0A\u5229\u904B\u52D5\u6709\u8457\u5F37\u70C8\u5F71\u97FF\u3002"@zh . . "On appelle premier mouvement homosexuel le mouvement de lutte pour les droits LGBT qui se d\u00E9veloppe pendant les trois premi\u00E8res d\u00E9cennies du XXe si\u00E8cle, principalement en Allemagne mais \u00E9galement dans d'autres pays d'Europe et aux \u00C9tats-Unis. Le mouvement trouve sa source dans les \u00E9crits du milieu du XIXe si\u00E8cle de Heinrich H\u00F6ssli, Karl Heinrich Ulrichs et Karl-Maria Kertbeny, tous trois de culture germanophone. On situe g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement les d\u00E9buts du premier mouvement homosexuel au moment de la cr\u00E9ation du Comit\u00E9 scientifique humanitaire de Magnus Hirschfeld en 1897 \u00E0 Berlin. Au sein du mouvement allemand, deux autres courants importants se distinguent, men\u00E9s par Adolf Brand et Friedrich Radszuweit. Ce mouvement ne publie pas seulement d'innombrables \u0153uvres et revues sur le sujet mais se bat \u00E9galement activement, malgr\u00E9 les difficult\u00E9s, pour obtenir l'acceptation de l'homosexualit\u00E9 dans la soci\u00E9t\u00E9 et la suppression de l'article 175 du Code p\u00E9nal allemand qui p\u00E9nalise l'homosexualit\u00E9. Le mouvement allemand s'\u00E9tend en Europe de l'Ouest et aux \u00C9tats-Unis et en 1928 on assiste \u00E0 la cr\u00E9ation de la Ligue mondiale pour la r\u00E9forme sexuelle, une organisation internationale dont l'un des principaux objectifs est l'acceptation de l'homosexualit\u00E9. Pourtant, ce mouvement se voit rapidement r\u00E9prim\u00E9 dans les ann\u00E9es 1935 en raison de la mont\u00E9e du fascisme et du d\u00E9but de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Il dispara\u00EEt en laissant cependant une marque en Suisse qui permettra la naissance du mouvement homophile apr\u00E8s la Guerre."@fr . "Primer moviment homosexual"@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Es denomina primer moviment homosexual el moviment de lluita pels drets LGBT que es va donar en les primeres tres d\u00E8cades del segle xx, principalment a Alemanya, per\u00F2 tamb\u00E9 en uns altres pa\u00EFsos d'Europa i als Estats Units."@ca . . . . . . "The first homosexual movement thrived in Germany from the late nineteenth century until 1933. The movement began in Germany because of a confluence of factors, including the criminalization of sex between men (Paragraph 175) and the country's relatively lax censorship. German writers in the mid-nineteenth century coined the word homosexual and criticized its criminalization. In 1897, Magnus Hirschfeld founded the world's first homosexual organization, the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee, whose aim was to use science to improve public tolerance of homosexuality and repeal Paragraph 175. During the German Empire, the movement was restricted to an educated elite, but it greatly expanded in the aftermath of World War I and the German Revolution."@en . "Se denomina primer movimiento homosexual al movimiento de lucha por los derechos LGBT que se dio en las primeras tres d\u00E9cadas del siglo XX, principalmente en Alemania, pero tambi\u00E9n en otros pa\u00EDses de Europa y en Estados Unidos.\u200B\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "69611541"^^ . . "67688"^^ . . . . . . .