. . . "Forteresse (\u00E9checs)"@fr . . . . . . . . . "Festung (Schach)"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Negli scacchi, la fortezza \u00E8 una tecnica per ottenere la patta nei finali nei quali il giocatore in inferiorit\u00E0 di materiale crea una zona di sicurezza attorno al proprio re che non pu\u00F2 in alcun modo essere attaccata dall'avversario. Chiaramente, ci\u00F2 funziona solo quando l'avversario non ha e non pu\u00F2 creare un pedone passato, senza che tale pedone possa essere bloccato (ad esempio da un alfiere di colore opposto). Una fortezza elementare \u00E8 una posizione teoricamente patta con ridotto materiale nella quale una difesa passiva manterr\u00E0 la patta. La fortezza comunemente ha quattro caratteristiche: 1. \n* \u00E8 impossibile creare pedoni passati utili. 2. \n* se il giocatore in vantaggio di materiale ha dei pedoni, essi sono bloccati. 3. \n* il re del giocatore in vantaggio di materiale non pu\u00F2 penetrare, perch\u00E9 \u00E8 tagliato fuori o vicino al bordo della scacchiera. 4. \n* non possono essere forzate posizioni di zugzwang, perch\u00E9 per il giocatore in difesa sono possibili mosse di attesa. Le fortezze sono un problema per i motori scacchistici: i computer sono incapaci di ragionare sulle posizioni di fortezza, eccetto quelle contenute nei loro tablebase."@it . . "Aux \u00E9checs, on appelle forteresse une position dans laquelle le camp en inf\u00E9riorit\u00E9 mat\u00E9rielle a construit un rempart infranchissable sans qu'un zugzwang soit possible, parce que le d\u00E9fenseur dispose de coups d'attente, ou bien en raison de menace de pat. Elle est pour la premi\u00E8re fois expliqu\u00E9e en 1850, dans un article publi\u00E9 par Alexandre Petrov. La forteresse est un th\u00E8me fr\u00E9quemment utilis\u00E9 dans les \u00E9tudes. Sans les bases de donn\u00E9es de finales, la plupart des programmes d'\u00E9checs sont incapables d'\u00E9valuer correctement ce type de position."@fr . . . . . . . . "\uD3EC\uD2B8\uB9AC\uC2A4 (\uCCB4\uC2A4)"@ko . . . . . . . "\u041A\u0440\u0435\u0301\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C (\u0448\u0430\u0445\u043C\u0430\u0442\u044B) \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0438\u0447\u044C\u0435\u0439, \u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u0432 \u0448\u0430\u0445\u043C\u0430\u0442\u043D\u043E\u043C \u044D\u0442\u044E\u0434\u0435: \u0441\u043B\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0430 \u0441\u043F\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0443\u0442\u0451\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0435\u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043A\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043D\u0443\u0442\u044C \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u044B \u0441\u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430. \u0418\u0434\u0435\u044F \u0432 \u044D\u0442\u044E\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0443 \u0424. \u0421\u0438\u043C\u0445\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043C \u0432 1926 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443. \u041D\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043A\u043E \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u043A\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0435, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0447\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043F\u0430 \u00AB\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0437\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043B\u0430\u0434\u044C\u0438\u00BB."@ru . . . . . . "\uD3EC\uD2B8\uB9AC\uC2A4(fortress)\uB294 \uCCB4\uC2A4 \uC5D4\uB4DC\uAC8C\uC784\uC5D0\uC11C \uCCB4\uD06C\uBA54\uC774\uD2B8\uB97C \uBABB\uD558\uAC8C \uD0B9\uC774 \uACF5\uACA9\uB2F9\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uC228\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uBCC0\uD615 \uCCB4\uC2A4\uC778 \uC640\uB294 \uC544\uBB34\uB7F0 \uC0C1\uAD00\uC774 \uC5C6\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Negli scacchi, la fortezza \u00E8 una tecnica per ottenere la patta nei finali nei quali il giocatore in inferiorit\u00E0 di materiale crea una zona di sicurezza attorno al proprio re che non pu\u00F2 in alcun modo essere attaccata dall'avversario. Chiaramente, ci\u00F2 funziona solo quando l'avversario non ha e non pu\u00F2 creare un pedone passato, senza che tale pedone possa essere bloccato (ad esempio da un alfiere di colore opposto). Una fortezza elementare \u00E8 una posizione teoricamente patta con ridotto materiale nella quale una difesa passiva manterr\u00E0 la patta. La fortezza comunemente ha quattro caratteristiche:"@it . . . . "44870"^^ . . . "1115699145"^^ . . "Fortress (chess)"@en . . . . "Fortezza (scacchi)"@it . . . . . . . . . "Aux \u00E9checs, on appelle forteresse une position dans laquelle le camp en inf\u00E9riorit\u00E9 mat\u00E9rielle a construit un rempart infranchissable sans qu'un zugzwang soit possible, parce que le d\u00E9fenseur dispose de coups d'attente, ou bien en raison de menace de pat. Elle est pour la premi\u00E8re fois expliqu\u00E9e en 1850, dans un article publi\u00E9 par Alexandre Petrov. La forteresse est un th\u00E8me fr\u00E9quemment utilis\u00E9 dans les \u00E9tudes. Sans les bases de donn\u00E9es de finales, la plupart des programmes d'\u00E9checs sont incapables d'\u00E9valuer correctement ce type de position."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0423 \u0448\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0445 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0446\u0435\u044E \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0433\u0442\u0438 \u043D\u0456\u0447\u0438\u0454\u0457 \u0432 \u0435\u043D\u0434\u0448\u043F\u0456\u043B\u0456, \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0446\u044C, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044E\u0454 \u0437\u043E\u043D\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0432\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044F, \u043A\u0440\u0456\u0437\u044C \u044F\u043A\u0443 \u043D\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044C. \u0426\u0435 \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044C\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u0442\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043A\u0443, \u044F\u043A\u0449\u043E \u0443 \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0454 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0456\u0448\u0430\u043A\u0430 (\u0430\u0431\u043E \u0432\u0456\u043D \u043D\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438), \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0436 \u044F\u043A\u0449\u043E \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0456\u0448\u0430\u043A\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0430 \u0437\u0443\u043F\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0438. \u041D\u0430\u0439\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0448\u043E\u044E \u0444\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0446\u0435\u044E \u0454 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0456\u0447\u0438\u044F (\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434 ), \u0432 \u044F\u043A\u0456\u0439 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0443 \u043D\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043D\u044C\u043E \u0449\u043E\u0431 \u0437\u0434\u043E\u043B\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442 . \u0424\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0446\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u043C\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0447\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438 \u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0438:"@uk . . . . . . "In chess, a fortress is an endgame drawing technique in which the side behind in material sets up a zone of protection that the opponent cannot penetrate. This might involve keeping the enemy king out of one's position, or a zone the enemy cannot force one out of (e.g. see the opposite-colored bishops example). An elementary fortress is a theoretically drawn (i.e. a book draw) position with reduced material in which a passive defense will maintain the draw. Fortresses commonly have the following characteristics:"@en . . . . . . . . . "\u0424\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0446\u044F (\u0448\u0430\u0445\u0438)"@uk . . . . "In chess, a fortress is an endgame drawing technique in which the side behind in material sets up a zone of protection that the opponent cannot penetrate. This might involve keeping the enemy king out of one's position, or a zone the enemy cannot force one out of (e.g. see the opposite-colored bishops example). An elementary fortress is a theoretically drawn (i.e. a book draw) position with reduced material in which a passive defense will maintain the draw. Fortresses commonly have the following characteristics: 1. \n* Useful pawn breakthroughs are not possible. 2. \n* If the stronger side has pawns, they are firmly blocked. 3. \n* The stronger side's king cannot penetrate because it is either cut off or near the edge of the board. 4. \n* Zugzwang positions cannot be forced because the defender has waiting moves available. Fortresses pose a problem for computer chess: computers fail to recognize fortress-type positions and are unable to achieve the win against them despite claiming a winning advantage."@en . . . . . . "\u0423 \u0448\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0445 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0446\u0435\u044E \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0433\u0442\u0438 \u043D\u0456\u0447\u0438\u0454\u0457 \u0432 \u0435\u043D\u0434\u0448\u043F\u0456\u043B\u0456, \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0446\u044C, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044E\u0454 \u0437\u043E\u043D\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0432\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044F, \u043A\u0440\u0456\u0437\u044C \u044F\u043A\u0443 \u043D\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044C. \u0426\u0435 \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044C\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u0442\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043A\u0443, \u044F\u043A\u0449\u043E \u0443 \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0454 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0456\u0448\u0430\u043A\u0430 (\u0430\u0431\u043E \u0432\u0456\u043D \u043D\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438), \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0436 \u044F\u043A\u0449\u043E \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0456\u0448\u0430\u043A\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0430 \u0437\u0443\u043F\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0438. \u041D\u0430\u0439\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0448\u043E\u044E \u0444\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0446\u0435\u044E \u0454 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0456\u0447\u0438\u044F (\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434 ), \u0432 \u044F\u043A\u0456\u0439 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0443 \u043D\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043D\u044C\u043E \u0449\u043E\u0431 \u0437\u0434\u043E\u043B\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442 . \u0424\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0446\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u043C\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0447\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438 \u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0438: 1. \n* \u0422\u0430\u043A\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0448\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u044F\u043A\u0430 \u0440\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043C; 2. \n* \u042F\u043A\u0449\u043E \u0443 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456\u0448\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0454 \u043F\u0456\u0448\u0430\u043A\u0438, \u0432\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043B\u043E\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0456; 3. \n* \u041A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456\u0448\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u043D\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043D\u0443\u0442\u0438, \u0432\u0456\u043D \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439, \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0454 \u043D\u0430 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u044E \u0448\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0456; 4. \n* \u041D\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0433\u043D\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0446\u0443\u0433\u0446\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0433\u0430, \u0431\u043E \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0430, \u044F\u043A\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F, \u043C\u0430\u0454 \u043E\u0447\u0456\u043A\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456 \u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438. \u0424\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0446\u044F \u0454 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043C\u043E\u044E \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F'\u044E\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0432: \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F'\u044E\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043D\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044C \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043F\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0446\u044E \u0456 \u0434\u043E \u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441\u043F\u0456\u0448\u043D\u043E \u0432\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0447\u0438, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0434\u0456\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0439\u043E\u0437\u043D\u043E\u044E \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u044E ."@uk . "\u041A\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C (\u0448\u0430\u0445\u043C\u0430\u0442\u044B)"@ru . "3571761"^^ . . . . . . "\uD3EC\uD2B8\uB9AC\uC2A4(fortress)\uB294 \uCCB4\uC2A4 \uC5D4\uB4DC\uAC8C\uC784\uC5D0\uC11C \uCCB4\uD06C\uBA54\uC774\uD2B8\uB97C \uBABB\uD558\uAC8C \uD0B9\uC774 \uACF5\uACA9\uB2F9\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uC228\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uBCC0\uD615 \uCCB4\uC2A4\uC778 \uC640\uB294 \uC544\uBB34\uB7F0 \uC0C1\uAD00\uC774 \uC5C6\uB2E4."@ko . . . "\u041A\u0440\u0435\u0301\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C (\u0448\u0430\u0445\u043C\u0430\u0442\u044B) \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0438\u0447\u044C\u0435\u0439, \u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u0432 \u0448\u0430\u0445\u043C\u0430\u0442\u043D\u043E\u043C \u044D\u0442\u044E\u0434\u0435: \u0441\u043B\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0430 \u0441\u043F\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0443\u0442\u0451\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0435\u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043A\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043D\u0443\u0442\u044C \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u044B \u0441\u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430. \u0418\u0434\u0435\u044F \u0432 \u044D\u0442\u044E\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0443 \u0424. \u0421\u0438\u043C\u0445\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043C \u0432 1926 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443. \u041D\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043A\u043E \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u043A\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0435, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0447\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043F\u0430 \u00AB\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0437\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043B\u0430\u0434\u044C\u0438\u00BB."@ru . . "Eine Festung im Schachspiel ist eine Stellung, in der eine Partei ihre an sich unterlegenen Kr\u00E4fte so aufgestellt hat, dass die Gegenpartei weder Matt noch eine Abwicklung in ein gewonnenes Endspiel erzwingen kann. Mit Hilfe einer Festung erreicht eine materiell unterlegene Partei ein Remis. Der russische Schachtrainer Mark Dworezki definiert eine Festung als eine \u201Euneinnehmbare Stellung, in der man sich auf passive Verteidigung beschr\u00E4nkt\u201C. Gelegentlich sei m\u00F6glicherweise ein exakter Zug n\u00F6tig. Der Festungsbau sei eine wichtige Verteidigungsmethode im Endspiel."@de . . . . "Eine Festung im Schachspiel ist eine Stellung, in der eine Partei ihre an sich unterlegenen Kr\u00E4fte so aufgestellt hat, dass die Gegenpartei weder Matt noch eine Abwicklung in ein gewonnenes Endspiel erzwingen kann. Mit Hilfe einer Festung erreicht eine materiell unterlegene Partei ein Remis. Der russische Schachtrainer Mark Dworezki definiert eine Festung als eine \u201Euneinnehmbare Stellung, in der man sich auf passive Verteidigung beschr\u00E4nkt\u201C. Gelegentlich sei m\u00F6glicherweise ein exakter Zug n\u00F6tig. Der Festungsbau sei eine wichtige Verteidigungsmethode im Endspiel."@de . . . . . .