. . . "Geogrid"@en . . . "Geosiatki \u2013 rodzaj p\u0142askich geosyntetyk\u00F3w, o prostopad\u0142ym uk\u0142adzie pasm tworz\u0105cych oczka, umo\u017Cliwiaj\u0105ce wsp\u00F3\u0142prac\u0119 siatki z gruboziarnistym kruszywem kamiennym na zasadzie \u201Ezaz\u0119bienia\u201D. Geosiatki produkowane s\u0105 najcz\u0119\u015Bciej z polipropylenu, polietylenu, poliestru, w\u0142\u00F3kna szklanego lub poliwinyloalkoholu i mog\u0105 mie\u0107 posta\u0107 w\u0142\u00F3kien-pasm przeplatanych (o elastycznych w\u0119z\u0142ach), zgrzewanych, lub mie\u0107 struktur\u0119 jednorodnego rusztu powsta\u0142ego wskutek ekstruzji (wyciskania) odpowiednio wyci\u0119tej folii (sztywne w\u0119z\u0142y \u2013 georuszty). Uaktywnienie funkcji wzmacniaj\u0105cej grunt w przypadku geosiatek polega w g\u0142\u00F3wnej mierze na wykorzystaniu si\u0142 wynikaj\u0105cych z zaz\u0119bienia \u017Ceber siatki i kruszywa (si\u0142y tarcia stanowi\u0105 warto\u015B\u0107 drugorz\u0119dn\u0105), st\u0105d konieczny jest w\u0142a\u015Bciwy dob\u00F3r uziarnienia gruntu wsp\u00F3\u0142pracuj\u0105cego w odniesieniu do wielko\u015Bci oczek siatki. W przypadku konieczno\u015Bci zapewnienia geosyntetycznych funkcji separuj\u0105cych lub hydraulicznych, geosiatki musz\u0105 by\u0107 u\u017Cyte w po\u0142\u0105czeniu z geow\u0142\u00F3kninami, ewentualnie geotkaninami. W przypadku geosiatek u\u017Cywanych do wzmocnienia nawierzchni bitumicznych, musz\u0105 one mie\u0107 wyd\u0142u\u017Calno\u015Bci por\u00F3wnywalne z wyd\u0142u\u017Calno\u015Bci\u0105 mieszanek mineralno\u2013asfaltowych, a wi\u0119c nie przekraczaj\u0105ce 3%."@pl . . "Geogitter"@de . . . . . "A geogrid is geosynthetic material used to reinforce soils and similar materials. Soils pull apart under tension. Compared to soil, geogrids are strong in tension. This fact allows them to transfer forces to a larger area of soil than would otherwise be the case. Geogrids are commonly made of polymer materials, such as polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene or polypropylene. They may be woven or knitted from yarns, heat-welded from strips of material, or produced by punching a regular pattern of holes in sheets of material, then stretched into a grid. The development of methods of preparing relatively rigid polymeric materials by tensile drawing, in a sense \"cold working,\" raised the possibility that such materials could be used in the reinforcement of soils for walls, steep slopes, roadway bases and foundation soils. The principal function of geogrids is for reinforcement. This area, as with many other geosynthetics, is very active, with a number of different products, materials, configurations, etc., making up today's geogrid market. The key feature of all geogrids is that the openings between the adjacent sets of longitudinal and transverse ribs, called \u201Capertures,\u201D are large enough to allow for soil strike-through from one side of the geogrid to the other. The ribs of some geogrids are often quite stiff compared to the fibers of geotextiles. As discussed later, not only is rib strength important, but junction strength is also important. The reason for this is that in anchorage situations the soil strike-through within the apertures bears against the transverse ribs, which transmits the load to the longitudinal ribs via the junctions. The junctions are, of course, where the longitudinal and transverse ribs meet and are connected. They are sometimes called \u201Cnodes\u201D. Currently there are three categories of geogrids. The first, and original, geogrids (called unitized or homogeneous types, or more commonly referred to as 'punched and drawn geogrids') were invented by Dr Frank Brian Mercer in the United Kingdom at Netlon, Ltd., and were brought in 1982 to North America by the Corporation. A conference in 1984 was helpful in bringing geogrids to the engineering design community. A similar type of drawn geogrid which originated in Italy by Tenax is also available, as are products by new manufacturers in Asia. The second category of geogrids are more flexible, textile-like geogrids using bundles of polyethylene-coated polyester fibres as the reinforcing component. They were first developed by ICI Linear Composites LTD in the United Kingdom around 1980. This led to the development of polyester yarn geogrids made on textile weaving machinery. In this process hundreds of continuous fibers are gathered together to form yarns which are woven into longitudinal and transverse ribs with large open spaces between. The cross-overs are joined by knitting or intertwining before the entire unit is protected by a subsequent coating. Bitumen, latex, or PVC are the usual coating materials. Geosynthetics within this group are manufactured by many companies having various trademarked products. There are possibly as many as 25 companies manufacturing coated yarn-type polyester geogrids on a worldwide basis. The third category of geogrids are made by laser or ultrasonically bonding together polyester or polypropylene rods or straps in a gridlike pattern. Two manufacturers currently make such geogrids. The geogrid sector is extremely active not only in manufacturing new products, but also in providing significant technical information to aid the design engineer."@en . . . . "6875112"^^ . . . . "Les g\u00E9ogrilles sont l'une des cat\u00E9gories de mat\u00E9riaux synth\u00E9tiques utilis\u00E9s en g\u00E9nie civil dits \u00AB g\u00E9osynth\u00E9tiques \u00BB, d\u00E9velopp\u00E9s pour pr\u00E9parer des structures en couches plus souples et portantes, tout en \u00E9tant plus l\u00E9g\u00E8res (par rapport aux dalles ou routes classiques) . L'empierrement de la couche de base se cale en s'encastrant dans la g\u00E9ogrille am\u00E9liorant la r\u00E9sistance \u00E0 la d\u00E9formation de l'ensemble de la couche routi\u00E8re (ou du chemin). Article d\u00E9taill\u00E9 : G\u00E9otextile."@fr . . "\u0413\u0435\u043E\u0441\u0435\u0442\u043A\u0430 \u2014 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0440\u0443\u043B\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043E\u0439, \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u044D\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0440\u0451\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u044B\u0441\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0443\u0447\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u043D\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0441\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043B\u0451\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0432 \u0443\u0437\u043B\u0430\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0438\u0442\u044C\u044E, \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C, \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0435\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C, \u0441\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0438\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u043C, \u0441 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u044F\u0447\u0435\u0435\u043A, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043C\u0435\u0440\u044B \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u043A\u0443 \u0440\u0451\u0431\u0435\u0440, \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0443\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438."@ru . . "Geogitter (engl.: Geogrids) sind eine Sonderform der Geokunststoffe bzw. Geotextilien. Sie dienen unter anderem der Stabilisierung des Untergrundes im Zuge von Bauarbeiten. Sie funktionieren als Bewehrung ungebundener mineralischer Schichten wie Sand und Erde. Durch die Verwendung von Geogittern werden eingebrachte statische Lasten gro\u00DFfl\u00E4chig auf den Untergrund verteilt. Ziel ist die Erh\u00F6hung oder Herstellung der Tragf\u00E4higkeit sowie die Verhinderung starker punktueller Setzungen ohne kostspieligen und zeitaufwendigen Bodenaustausch durch tragf\u00E4higeres Material. Weiterhin findet die Anwendung der Geogitter in St\u00FCtzkonstruktionen als Alternative zu z. B. Schwergewichtsmauern statt."@de . . . "6038"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Geogitter (engl.: Geogrids) sind eine Sonderform der Geokunststoffe bzw. Geotextilien. Sie dienen unter anderem der Stabilisierung des Untergrundes im Zuge von Bauarbeiten. Sie funktionieren als Bewehrung ungebundener mineralischer Schichten wie Sand und Erde. Durch die Verwendung von Geogittern werden eingebrachte statische Lasten gro\u00DFfl\u00E4chig auf den Untergrund verteilt. Ziel ist die Erh\u00F6hung oder Herstellung der Tragf\u00E4higkeit sowie die Verhinderung starker punktueller Setzungen ohne kostspieligen und zeitaufwendigen Bodenaustausch durch tragf\u00E4higeres Material. Weiterhin findet die Anwendung der Geogitter in St\u00FCtzkonstruktionen als Alternative zu z. B. Schwergewichtsmauern statt. \u00DCblicherweise bestehen Geogitter aus industriell hergestellten, rollenweise gelieferten und UV-best\u00E4ndigen Polymergittern aus Polyethylen hoher Dichte (PEHD), Polypropylen (PP) oder Polyester (z. B. Polyethylenterephthalat (PET)), sie k\u00F6nnen jedoch auch aus Naturfasern oder Biokunststoffen produziert werden. Abh\u00E4ngig vom Herstellverfahren gibt es extrudierte und gewebte Gitter. In Bezug auf das Tragverhalten werden knotensteife, knotenfeste und flexible Geogitter unterschieden."@de . . . . . "Geosiatki"@pl . "\u0413\u0435\u043E\u0441\u0435\u0442\u043A\u0430 \u2014 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0440\u0443\u043B\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043E\u0439, \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u044D\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0440\u0451\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u044B\u0441\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0443\u0447\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u043D\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0441\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043B\u0451\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0432 \u0443\u0437\u043B\u0430\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0438\u0442\u044C\u044E, \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C, \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0435\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C, \u0441\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0438\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u043C, \u0441 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u044F\u0447\u0435\u0435\u043A, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043C\u0435\u0440\u044B \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u043A\u0443 \u0440\u0451\u0431\u0435\u0440, \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0443\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438."@ru . "Geosiatki \u2013 rodzaj p\u0142askich geosyntetyk\u00F3w, o prostopad\u0142ym uk\u0142adzie pasm tworz\u0105cych oczka, umo\u017Cliwiaj\u0105ce wsp\u00F3\u0142prac\u0119 siatki z gruboziarnistym kruszywem kamiennym na zasadzie \u201Ezaz\u0119bienia\u201D. Geosiatki produkowane s\u0105 najcz\u0119\u015Bciej z polipropylenu, polietylenu, poliestru, w\u0142\u00F3kna szklanego lub poliwinyloalkoholu i mog\u0105 mie\u0107 posta\u0107 w\u0142\u00F3kien-pasm przeplatanych (o elastycznych w\u0119z\u0142ach), zgrzewanych, lub mie\u0107 struktur\u0119 jednorodnego rusztu powsta\u0142ego wskutek ekstruzji (wyciskania) odpowiednio wyci\u0119tej folii (sztywne w\u0119z\u0142y \u2013 georuszty). Uaktywnienie funkcji wzmacniaj\u0105cej grunt w przypadku geosiatek polega w g\u0142\u00F3wnej mierze na wykorzystaniu si\u0142 wynikaj\u0105cych z zaz\u0119bienia \u017Ceber siatki i kruszywa (si\u0142y tarcia stanowi\u0105 warto\u015B\u0107 drugorz\u0119dn\u0105), st\u0105d konieczny jest w\u0142a\u015Bciwy dob\u00F3r uziarnienia gruntu wsp\u00F3\u0142pracuj\u0105cego w"@pl . . "1050167944"^^ . . . "G\u00E9ogrille"@fr . . . . . . . . . "A geogrid is geosynthetic material used to reinforce soils and similar materials. Soils pull apart under tension. Compared to soil, geogrids are strong in tension. This fact allows them to transfer forces to a larger area of soil than would otherwise be the case. Geogrids are commonly made of polymer materials, such as polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene or polypropylene. They may be woven or knitted from yarns, heat-welded from strips of material, or produced by punching a regular pattern of holes in sheets of material, then stretched into a grid."@en . "Les g\u00E9ogrilles sont l'une des cat\u00E9gories de mat\u00E9riaux synth\u00E9tiques utilis\u00E9s en g\u00E9nie civil dits \u00AB g\u00E9osynth\u00E9tiques \u00BB, d\u00E9velopp\u00E9s pour pr\u00E9parer des structures en couches plus souples et portantes, tout en \u00E9tant plus l\u00E9g\u00E8res (par rapport aux dalles ou routes classiques) . L'empierrement de la couche de base se cale en s'encastrant dans la g\u00E9ogrille am\u00E9liorant la r\u00E9sistance \u00E0 la d\u00E9formation de l'ensemble de la couche routi\u00E8re (ou du chemin). Article d\u00E9taill\u00E9 : G\u00E9otextile."@fr . . "\u0413\u0435\u043E\u0441\u0435\u0442\u043A\u0430"@ru . . . . . . . . .