. . . . . "\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u062C\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Gravity model of trade)\u200F \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u064A \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062C \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u063A\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064B \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062A\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0644\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062C\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062C \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062D\u0635\u0627\u0621.\u0648\u0646\u0639\u0646\u064A \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064A (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Dummy Variable)\u200F\u060C \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644:\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062C\u0646\u0633\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0648\u0628\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060C \u0648\u064A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 (1 \u0635\u062D\u064A\u062D) \u0644\u0644\u062F\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 (\u0635\u0641\u0631) \u0644\u0644\u062F\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062F\u0645 \u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629.\u0648\u064A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064A \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062D\u0627\u064B \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064A\u0629."@ar . "Gravity model of trade"@en . . . "El modelo de gravedad de comercio internacional, encuadrado dentro de la econom\u00EDa internacional, establece que el comercio entre dos pa\u00EDses es proporcional al tama\u00F1o econ\u00F3mico de ambos, medido por sus respectivos producto interior bruto (PIB) e inversamente proporcional con la distancia que existe entre ambos, manteni\u00E9ndose constante todas las dem\u00E1s variables.\u200B El modelo matem\u00E1tico b\u00E1sico de comercio entre dos pa\u00EDses denominados i y j toma la siguiente forma:\u200B donde:"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u8CBF\u6613\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u91CD\u529B\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\uFF08\u307C\u3046\u3048\u304D\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u3058\u3085\u3046\u308A\u3087\u304F\u3082\u3067\u308B\u3001\u82F1\uFF1AThe gravity model of international trade\uFF09\u306F\u30012\u56FD\u9593\u306E\u8DDD\u96E2\u3068\u305D\u308C\u305E\u308C\u306E\u56FD\u306EGDP\u3067\u8F38\u51FA\u984D\u3068\u8F38\u5165\u984D\u3092\u4E88\u6E2C\u3059\u308B\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3002\u91CD\u529B\u65B9\u7A0B\u5F0F\u3001\u30B0\u30E9\u30D3\u30C6\u30A3\u30FB\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u3068\u3082\u8A18\u8FF0\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "\u8D38\u6613\u5F15\u529B\u6A21\u578B"@zh . . . . . . "Il modello gravitazionale del commercio \u00E8 un modello economico in base al quale si possono predire i flussi commerciali, in relazione alla dimensione economica dei Paesi e alla loro prossimit\u00E0 geografica."@it . . "\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C (\u043E\u0442 \u043B\u0430\u0442. gravitas \u2014 \u0432\u0435\u0441, \u0441\u0438\u043B\u0430, \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435) \u2014 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C, \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0438 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438 (\u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438). \u0418\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0435 \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0435 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0438. \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0432 \u0443\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043C\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u044B\u0448\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0442\u043D\u043E-\u0438\u043C\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0435\u0439, \u043C\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F."@ru . . . . . . . . "L'\u00E9quation de gravit\u00E9 est un mod\u00E8le de la science \u00E9conomique qui pr\u00E9dit le volume d'\u00E9changes commerciaux entre deux pays \u00E0 partir du poids \u00E9conomique de deux pays et la distance physique qui les s\u00E9pare. L'\u00E9quation dispose que l\u2019attraction entre deux \u00E9conomies est proportionnelle au produit de leur masse et diminue avec la distance."@fr . . . . . . . . . "Gravitationsmodell (Au\u00DFenwirtschaftstheorie)"@de . . . . . "The gravity model of international trade in international economics is a model that, in its traditional form, predicts bilateral trade flows based on the economic sizes and distance between two units. Research shows that there is \"overwhelming evidence that trade tends to fall with distance.\" The model was first introduced in economics world by Walter Isard in 1954. The basic model for trade between two countries (i and j) takes the form of In this formula G is a constant, F stands for trade flow, D stands for the distance and M stands for the economic dimensions of the countries that are being measured. The equation can be changed into a linear form for the purpose of econometric analyses by employing logarithms. The model has been used by economists to analyse the determinants of bilateral trade flows such as common borders, common languages, common legal systems, common currencies, common colonial legacies, and it has been used to test the effectiveness of trade agreements and organizations such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) (Head and Mayer 2014). The model has also been used in international relations to evaluate the impact of treaties and alliances on trade (Head and Mayer). The model has also been applied to other bilateral flow data (also 'dyadic' data) such as migration, traffic, remittances and foreign direct investment."@en . . "Il modello gravitazionale del commercio \u00E8 un modello economico in base al quale si possono predire i flussi commerciali, in relazione alla dimensione economica dei Paesi e alla loro prossimit\u00E0 geografica."@it . . . . . . "\u8D38\u6613\u5F15\u529B\u6A21\u578B\u6307\u51FA\u8CBF\u6613\u984D\u5EA6\u8207\u570B\u5BB6\u7D93\u6FDF\u898F\u6A21\uFF08\u5E38\u4EE5GDP\u8861\u91CF\uFF09\u6210\u6B63\u6BD4\u3002\u7D93\u6FDF\u898F\u6A21\u8F03\u5927\u7684\u570B\u5BB6\u751F\u7522\u8F03\u591A\u7684\u5546\u54C1\u8207\u52DE\u52D9\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u4E5F\u6709\u8F03\u591A\u7684\u5546\u54C1\u51FA\u53E3\u3002\u540C\u6A23\u7684\u7D93\u6FDF\u898F\u6A21\u8F03\u5927\u7684\u570B\u5BB6GDP\u8F03\u9AD8\uFF0C\u6D88\u8CBB\u80FD\u529B\u4E5F\u8F03\u9AD8\uFF0C\u6BD4\u8F03\u6709\u80FD\u529B\u8CFC\u8CB7\u8F03\u591A\u7684\u9032\u53E3\u5546\u54C1\u3002 \u7C21\u55AE\u5730\u5FC3\u5F15\u529B\u6A21\u578B\u5047\u8A2D\u7D93\u6FDF\u898F\u6A21\u8207\u8DDD\u96E2\u662F\u5F71\u97FF\u8CBF\u6613\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u56E0\u7D20\u3002 \n* \n* \uFF1A\uFF49\u570B\u8207\uFF4A\u570B\u9593\u7684\u8CBF\u6613\u984D\u5EA6 \n* \uFF1A\u5E38\u6578 \n* \uFF1A\uFF49\u570B\u7684GDP \n* \uFF1A\uFF4A\u570B\u7684GDP \n* \uFF1A\uFF49\u570B\u8207\uFF4A\u570B\u9593\u7684\u8DDD\u96E2"@zh . . . "3458326"^^ . . . . . "\u8CBF\u6613\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u91CD\u529B\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB"@ja . . . . "\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u062C\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Gravity model of trade)\u200F \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u064A \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062C \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u063A\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064B \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062A\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0644\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062C\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062C \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062D\u0635\u0627\u0621.\u0648\u0646\u0639\u0646\u064A \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064A (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Dummy Variable)\u200F\u060C \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644:\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062C\u0646\u0633\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0648\u0628\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060C \u0648\u064A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 (1 \u0635\u062D\u064A\u062D) \u0644\u0644\u062F\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 (\u0635\u0641\u0631) \u0644\u0644\u062F\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062F\u0645 \u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629.\u0648\u064A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064A \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062D\u0627\u064B \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064A\u0629."@ar . . "\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C (\u043E\u0442 \u043B\u0430\u0442. gravitas \u2014 \u0432\u0435\u0441, \u0441\u0438\u043B\u0430, \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435) \u2014 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C, \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0438 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438 (\u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438). \u0418\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0435 \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0435 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0438. \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0432 \u0443\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043C\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u044B\u0448\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0442\u043D\u043E-\u0438\u043C\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0435\u0439, \u043C\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F."@ru . "Modelo de gravedad del comercio"@es . . . . . . "Gravitationsmodellen \u00E4r en ekonomisk modell f\u00F6r handelsfl\u00F6den. Den bygger p\u00E5 det inte helt ov\u00E4ntade antagandet att stora ekonomier som ligger n\u00E4ra varandra resulterar i stora handelsfl\u00F6den - och att sm\u00E5 ekonomier l\u00E5ngt ifr\u00E5n varandra resulterar i motsatsen. Namnet kommer fr\u00E5n fysiken d\u00E4r gravitationen ber\u00E4knas utifr\u00E5n faktorerna massa och avst\u00E5nd. Inom den ekonomiska modellen anv\u00E4nds vanligtvis begreppet BNP ist\u00E4llet f\u00F6r massa."@sv . . "Modello gravitazionale del commercio"@it . . "1091679148"^^ . . . "\u00C9quation de gravit\u00E9 (\u00E9conomie internationale)"@fr . . "\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0432\u043D\u0435\u0448\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u043E\u0440\u0433\u043E\u0432\u043B\u0438"@ru . . . "L'\u00E9quation de gravit\u00E9 est un mod\u00E8le de la science \u00E9conomique qui pr\u00E9dit le volume d'\u00E9changes commerciaux entre deux pays \u00E0 partir du poids \u00E9conomique de deux pays et la distance physique qui les s\u00E9pare. L'\u00E9quation dispose que l\u2019attraction entre deux \u00E9conomies est proportionnelle au produit de leur masse et diminue avec la distance."@fr . . . "In der Au\u00DFenwirtschaftstheorie sind Gravitationsmodelle \u00F6konomische Modelle, die die bilateralen Handelsstr\u00F6me zwischen zwei L\u00E4ndern in Anlehnung an das Newtonsche Gravitationsgesetz der Physik beschreiben. Es wurde erstmals 1962 von Jan Tinbergen auf die \u00D6konomie \u00FCbertragen. Das traditionelle \u00F6konomische Gravitationsmodell basiert auf der Annahme, dass der Handel zwischen zwei L\u00E4ndern von der Gr\u00F6\u00DFe der Bruttoinlandsprodukte (BIP) und der Entfernung der Partnerl\u00E4nder abh\u00E4ngig ist."@de . . "Gravitationsmodellen \u00E4r en ekonomisk modell f\u00F6r handelsfl\u00F6den. Den bygger p\u00E5 det inte helt ov\u00E4ntade antagandet att stora ekonomier som ligger n\u00E4ra varandra resulterar i stora handelsfl\u00F6den - och att sm\u00E5 ekonomier l\u00E5ngt ifr\u00E5n varandra resulterar i motsatsen. Namnet kommer fr\u00E5n fysiken d\u00E4r gravitationen ber\u00E4knas utifr\u00E5n faktorerna massa och avst\u00E5nd. Inom den ekonomiska modellen anv\u00E4nds vanligtvis begreppet BNP ist\u00E4llet f\u00F6r massa. Gravitationsmodellen ger ofta en mycket god indikation p\u00E5 hur stort handelsfl\u00F6de man kan v\u00E4nta sig mellan tv\u00E5 olika l\u00E4nder. Den oj\u00E4mna f\u00F6rdelningen av r\u00E5varor i v\u00E4rlden \u00E4r dock en faktor som kan leda till avsteg fr\u00E5n modellen. Som ett exempel kan n\u00E4mnas handeln mellan Mellan\u00F6stern och Japan som \u00E4r avsev\u00E4rt st\u00F6rre \u00E4n vad man kan anta utifr\u00E5n modellen. F\u00F6rklaringen till detta avsteg \u00E4r Japans behov av oljeimport och det faktum att passande oljefyndigheter inte finns p\u00E5 kortare avst\u00E5nd. Ytterligare en faktor som kan leda till andra resultat \u00E4n vad modellen f\u00F6rutsp\u00E5r \u00E4r kulturella/historiska kopplingar mellan l\u00E4nder. Att exempelvis Frankrike \u00E4r en klart viktigare handelspartner f\u00F6r Mauritius \u00E4n vad modellen f\u00F6rutsp\u00E5r, f\u00F6rklaras rimligtvis av historiska koloniala kopplingar."@sv . . "20836"^^ . . . . . . "In der Au\u00DFenwirtschaftstheorie sind Gravitationsmodelle \u00F6konomische Modelle, die die bilateralen Handelsstr\u00F6me zwischen zwei L\u00E4ndern in Anlehnung an das Newtonsche Gravitationsgesetz der Physik beschreiben. Es wurde erstmals 1962 von Jan Tinbergen auf die \u00D6konomie \u00FCbertragen. Das traditionelle \u00F6konomische Gravitationsmodell basiert auf der Annahme, dass der Handel zwischen zwei L\u00E4ndern von der Gr\u00F6\u00DFe der Bruttoinlandsprodukte (BIP) und der Entfernung der Partnerl\u00E4nder abh\u00E4ngig ist."@de . . "The gravity model of international trade in international economics is a model that, in its traditional form, predicts bilateral trade flows based on the economic sizes and distance between two units. Research shows that there is \"overwhelming evidence that trade tends to fall with distance.\" The model was first introduced in economics world by Walter Isard in 1954. The basic model for trade between two countries (i and j) takes the form of The model has also been applied to other bilateral flow data (also 'dyadic' data) such as migration, traffic, remittances and foreign direct investment."@en . "\u8CBF\u6613\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u91CD\u529B\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\uFF08\u307C\u3046\u3048\u304D\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u3058\u3085\u3046\u308A\u3087\u304F\u3082\u3067\u308B\u3001\u82F1\uFF1AThe gravity model of international trade\uFF09\u306F\u30012\u56FD\u9593\u306E\u8DDD\u96E2\u3068\u305D\u308C\u305E\u308C\u306E\u56FD\u306EGDP\u3067\u8F38\u51FA\u984D\u3068\u8F38\u5165\u984D\u3092\u4E88\u6E2C\u3059\u308B\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3002\u91CD\u529B\u65B9\u7A0B\u5F0F\u3001\u30B0\u30E9\u30D3\u30C6\u30A3\u30FB\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u3068\u3082\u8A18\u8FF0\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "Gravitationsmodellen"@sv . . "El modelo de gravedad de comercio internacional, encuadrado dentro de la econom\u00EDa internacional, establece que el comercio entre dos pa\u00EDses es proporcional al tama\u00F1o econ\u00F3mico de ambos, medido por sus respectivos producto interior bruto (PIB) e inversamente proporcional con la distancia que existe entre ambos, manteni\u00E9ndose constante todas las dem\u00E1s variables.\u200B Este modelo muestra los determinantes del comercio en las relaciones comerciales entre dos pa\u00EDses. Tiene su analog\u00EDa en la Ley de gravitaci\u00F3n universal de Isaac Newton que establece que la fuerza con que se atraen dos cuerpos tiene que ser proporcional al producto de sus masas e inversamente proporcional a la distancia que los separa. Los modelos gravitacionales han sido aplicados como una alternativa, para explicar los flujos de comercio entre distintos pa\u00EDses. El modelo matem\u00E1tico b\u00E1sico de comercio entre dos pa\u00EDses denominados i y j toma la siguiente forma:\u200B donde: \n* Fij representa el flujo comercial entre el pa\u00EDs \"i\" y \"j\" \n* G es una constante, \n* D es la distancia entre los dos pa\u00EDses \n* M representa el tama\u00F1o econ\u00F3mico de los pa\u00EDses. El modelo de gravedad sirve, entre otras cosas, para identificar posibles anomal\u00EDas en el comercio internacional, en aquellos casos en los que el comercio real se muestra muy por encima o por debajo del previsto por este modelo."@es . "\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u062C\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0631\u0629"@ar . . . . . "\u8D38\u6613\u5F15\u529B\u6A21\u578B\u6307\u51FA\u8CBF\u6613\u984D\u5EA6\u8207\u570B\u5BB6\u7D93\u6FDF\u898F\u6A21\uFF08\u5E38\u4EE5GDP\u8861\u91CF\uFF09\u6210\u6B63\u6BD4\u3002\u7D93\u6FDF\u898F\u6A21\u8F03\u5927\u7684\u570B\u5BB6\u751F\u7522\u8F03\u591A\u7684\u5546\u54C1\u8207\u52DE\u52D9\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u4E5F\u6709\u8F03\u591A\u7684\u5546\u54C1\u51FA\u53E3\u3002\u540C\u6A23\u7684\u7D93\u6FDF\u898F\u6A21\u8F03\u5927\u7684\u570B\u5BB6GDP\u8F03\u9AD8\uFF0C\u6D88\u8CBB\u80FD\u529B\u4E5F\u8F03\u9AD8\uFF0C\u6BD4\u8F03\u6709\u80FD\u529B\u8CFC\u8CB7\u8F03\u591A\u7684\u9032\u53E3\u5546\u54C1\u3002 \u7C21\u55AE\u5730\u5FC3\u5F15\u529B\u6A21\u578B\u5047\u8A2D\u7D93\u6FDF\u898F\u6A21\u8207\u8DDD\u96E2\u662F\u5F71\u97FF\u8CBF\u6613\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u56E0\u7D20\u3002 \n* \n* \uFF1A\uFF49\u570B\u8207\uFF4A\u570B\u9593\u7684\u8CBF\u6613\u984D\u5EA6 \n* \uFF1A\u5E38\u6578 \n* \uFF1A\uFF49\u570B\u7684GDP \n* \uFF1A\uFF4A\u570B\u7684GDP \n* \uFF1A\uFF49\u570B\u8207\uFF4A\u570B\u9593\u7684\u8DDD\u96E2"@zh . . . .