. . . . . . . . . . "-84.0"^^ . . . . . . . . "La grande palude nera, o semplicemente palude nera, \u00E8 stato un territorio paludoso formato da un ghiacciaio situato nell'Ohio nord-occidentale, Stato degli Stati Uniti d'America, che si estendeva fino all'Indiana, presente dalla glaciazione W\u00FCrm alla fine del XIX secolo. Il territorio era costituito da ampi territori umidi e paludosi interrotti per piccoli periodi da pochi spazi secchi, e occupava gran parte l'alveo di quello che \u00E8 oggi il fiume di origine glaciale Maumee, fino alla sua foce nella Baia di Maumee, nel lago Erie. Tutto il territorio fu prosciugato dall'uomo nella seconda met\u00E0 del XIX secolo e reso abitabile. Oggi sono sorte molte fattorie."@it . . . . . . . . . . . "Great Black Swamp"@de . . . . . . . . . "1120845384"^^ . . "Der Great Black Swamp war ein Sumpf im Nordwesten von Ohio und Indiana, Vereinigte Staaten. Er erstreckte sich im Einzugsgebiet des Maumee River vom Eriesee bis Fort Wayne in Indiana und war etwa 190 Kilometer lang (Ost-West-Richtung) und etwa 65 Kilometer breit (Nord-S\u00FCd-Richtung). Der Sumpf bedeckte ganz oder teilweise die Oberfl\u00E4che von zw\u00F6lf Countys in Ohio. Das Sumpfgebiet entstand als Resultat der Gletscherbewegungen w\u00E4hrend der letzten Eiszeit. Die Landschaft war durch dichte W\u00E4lder gepr\u00E4gt. Eichen, Platanen, Hickorys, Waln\u00FCsse, Eschen, Ulmen, Ahorne und Pappeln wuchsen im stehenden Wasser, das meist selbst im Sommer nicht austrocknete. Im Great Black Swamp gab es keine Siedlungen der amerikanischen Ureinwohner, und auch f\u00FCr die ersten wei\u00DFen Siedler war das Gebiet so gut wie unpassierbar. Farmer, die sich am Rand des Sumpfes ansiedelten, hatten mit Cholera, Typhus und vor allem mit Malaria zu k\u00E4mpfen, die unter dem Namen ague bekannt war. Sie war so verbreitet, dass es \u00FCblich wurde, neben Salz und Pfeffer Chininpulver auf den Tisch zu stellen. Verglichen mit anderen Landesteilen, verz\u00F6gerte der Great Black Swamp die Kolonisierung Nordwest-Ohios um mehrere Jahrzehnte. Der erste Kn\u00FCppeldamm von Fremont nach Perrysburg, die , wurde in den 1820er Jahren gelegt, doch selbst auf diesem Weg betrug die Reisegeschwindigkeit im Durchschnitt eine Meile pro Tag. In den 1850er Jahren begannen mit staatlicher Unterst\u00FCtzung gro\u00DF angelegte Drainagema\u00DFnahmen, die sich \u00FCber rund 40 Jahre hinzogen. Als Folge der Entw\u00E4sserung entstand das heutige hochfruchtbare Farmland Nordwest-Ohios. Der Great Black Swamp ist bis auf winzige \u00DCberreste verschwunden."@de . "41.0 -84.0" . . "Der Great Black Swamp war ein Sumpf im Nordwesten von Ohio und Indiana, Vereinigte Staaten. Er erstreckte sich im Einzugsgebiet des Maumee River vom Eriesee bis Fort Wayne in Indiana und war etwa 190 Kilometer lang (Ost-West-Richtung) und etwa 65 Kilometer breit (Nord-S\u00FCd-Richtung). Der Sumpf bedeckte ganz oder teilweise die Oberfl\u00E4che von zw\u00F6lf Countys in Ohio."@de . . . "Grande palude nera"@it . . . "O Grande P\u00E2ntano Negro, ou simplesmente P\u00E2ntano Negro (em ingl\u00EAs: Great Black Swamp ou Black Swamp) era um territ\u00F3rio pantanoso formado por um glaciar localizado no noroeste do Ohio, Estados Unidos da Am\u00E9rica, que se estendia at\u00E9 ao Indiana, que existiu entre o final da glacia\u00E7\u00E3o do Wisconsin e o final do s\u00E9culo XIX. O territ\u00F3rio consistia em grandes territ\u00F3rios h\u00FAmidos e pantanosos interrompidos por pequenos per\u00EDodos por alguns espa\u00E7os secos, e ocupava grande parte do que \u00E9 hoje o rio glaciar Maumee, at\u00E9 \u00E0 sua foz na , no Lago Erie. Todo o territ\u00F3rio foi drenado pelo homem na segunda metade do s\u00E9culo XIX e tornou-se habit\u00E1vel. Hoje em dia muitas quintas surgiram no que era este p\u00E2ntano."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . "451871"^^ . "Great Black Swamp"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "41.0"^^ . "The Great Black Swamp (also known simply as the Black Swamp) was a glacially fed wetland in northwest Ohio, sections of lower Michigan, and extreme northeast Indiana, United States, that existed from the end of the Wisconsin glaciation until the late 19th century. Comprising extensive swamps and marshes, with some higher, drier ground interspersed, it occupied what was formerly the southwestern part of proglacial Lake Maumee, a Holocene precursor to Lake Erie. The area was about 25 miles (40 km) wide (north to south) and 100 miles (160 km) long, covering an estimated 1,500 square miles (4,000 km2). Gradually drained and settled in the second half of the 19th century, it is now highly productive farmland. However, this development has been detrimental to the ecosystem as a result of agricultural runoff. This runoff, in turn, has contributed to frequent toxic algal blooms in Lake Erie. The land once covered by the swamp lies primarily within the Maumee River and Portage River watersheds in northwest Ohio and northeast Indiana. The boundary was determined primarily by ancient sandy beach ridges formed on the shores of Lakes Maumee and Whittlesey, after glacial retreat several thousand years ago. It stretched roughly from Fort Wayne, Indiana, eastward to the Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge near Port Clinton along the Lake Erie shore, and from (roughly) US 6 south to Findlay and North Star, Ohio in Darke County. Near its southern edge at the southwestern corner of present-day Auglaize County, wheeled transportation was impossible during most of the year, and local residents thought the rigors of travel to be unsuitable for anyone except adult men. The vast swamp was a network of forests, wetlands, and grasslands. In the lowest, flattest areas, prone to permanent inundation, deciduous swamp forests predominated, characterized especially by species of ash, elm, cottonwood and sycamore. In slightly higher areas with some topographic relief and better drainage, beech, maples, basswood, tuliptree and other more mesic species were dominant. On elevated beach ridges and moraines with good to excessive drainage, more xeric species, especially oak and hickory, were dominant. The area contained non-forested wetlands, particularly marsh and wet prairies, with marshes being particularly extensive along the Lake Erie shoreline east of Toledo."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "POINT(-84 41)"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "O Grande P\u00E2ntano Negro, ou simplesmente P\u00E2ntano Negro (em ingl\u00EAs: Great Black Swamp ou Black Swamp) era um territ\u00F3rio pantanoso formado por um glaciar localizado no noroeste do Ohio, Estados Unidos da Am\u00E9rica, que se estendia at\u00E9 ao Indiana, que existiu entre o final da glacia\u00E7\u00E3o do Wisconsin e o final do s\u00E9culo XIX. O territ\u00F3rio consistia em grandes territ\u00F3rios h\u00FAmidos e pantanosos interrompidos por pequenos per\u00EDodos por alguns espa\u00E7os secos, e ocupava grande parte do que \u00E9 hoje o rio glaciar Maumee, at\u00E9 \u00E0 sua foz na , no Lago Erie. Todo o territ\u00F3rio foi drenado pelo homem na segunda metade do s\u00E9culo XIX e tornou-se habit\u00E1vel. Hoje em dia muitas quintas surgiram no que era este p\u00E2ntano. As fronteiras hist\u00F3ricas situam-se nos rios Maumee, Auglaize e Portage, no noroeste de Ohio. Os limites foram inicialmente determinados pelas grandes praias de areia criadas naturalmente nos lagos Maumee e Whittlesey h\u00E1 muitos mil\u00E9nios, ap\u00F3s o recuo do gelo. Estenderam-se at\u00E9 New Haven, no Indiana, a oeste, a Toledo e Sandusky, no Ohio, a leste. Outras vias naveg\u00E1veis que definem total ou completamente os limites atuais s\u00E3o os rios Sandusky, Ottawa, Tiffin e Blanchard. O vasto p\u00E2ntano era uma rede de florestas, zonas h\u00FAmidas e prados. Nas zonas mais baixas e planas, propensas a inunda\u00E7\u00F5es permanentes, predominantes florestas pantanosas caducas, caracterizadas especialmente por esp\u00E9cies de cinzas, olmo, algod\u00E3o e sycamore. Em \u00E1reas ligeiramente mais altas com algum relevo topogr\u00E1fico e melhor drenagem, faia, bordos, \"basswood\", e outras esp\u00E9cies mais mesicas eram dominantes. Em cumes elevados e morainas com boa drenagem, esp\u00E9cies mais x\u00E9ricas, especialmente carvalho e \"hickory\", eram dominantes. A \u00E1rea continha zonas h\u00FAmidas n\u00E3o florestais, particularmente p\u00E2ntanos e pradarias h\u00FAmidas, com os p\u00E2ntanos a serem particularmente extensos ao longo da costa do Lago Erie a leste de Toledo."@pt . . . . . . . . . . "The Great Black Swamp (also known simply as the Black Swamp) was a glacially fed wetland in northwest Ohio, sections of lower Michigan, and extreme northeast Indiana, United States, that existed from the end of the Wisconsin glaciation until the late 19th century. Comprising extensive swamps and marshes, with some higher, drier ground interspersed, it occupied what was formerly the southwestern part of proglacial Lake Maumee, a Holocene precursor to Lake Erie. The area was about 25 miles (40 km) wide (north to south) and 100 miles (160 km) long, covering an estimated 1,500 square miles (4,000 km2). Gradually drained and settled in the second half of the 19th century, it is now highly productive farmland. However, this development has been detrimental to the ecosystem as a result of agricul"@en . . . "La grande palude nera, o semplicemente palude nera, \u00E8 stato un territorio paludoso formato da un ghiacciaio situato nell'Ohio nord-occidentale, Stato degli Stati Uniti d'America, che si estendeva fino all'Indiana, presente dalla glaciazione W\u00FCrm alla fine del XIX secolo. Il territorio era costituito da ampi territori umidi e paludosi interrotti per piccoli periodi da pochi spazi secchi, e occupava gran parte l'alveo di quello che \u00E8 oggi il fiume di origine glaciale Maumee, fino alla sua foce nella Baia di Maumee, nel lago Erie. Tutto il territorio fu prosciugato dall'uomo nella seconda met\u00E0 del XIX secolo e reso abitabile. Oggi sono sorte molte fattorie. I confini storici si trovano sul corso dei fiumi Maumee, e nell'Ohio nord-occidentale. I confini erano inizialmente determinati dalle grosse spiagge sabbiose create naturalmente sui e Whittlesey molti millenni fa, dopo il ritiro dei ghiacci. Esse si allungavano fino a New Haven, oggi in Indiana, a ovest, verso Toledo e Sandusky, in Ohio, a est. Altri corsi d'acqua che definiscono in parte o completamente i confini attuali sono i fiumi , Ottawa, e ."@it . . . . . . "11099"^^ . . . . "Grande P\u00E2ntano Negro"@pt . . . .