. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Die Zweite Kamtschatkaexpedition, auch als Gro\u00DFe Nordische Expedition bekannt, war eine zwischen 1733 und 1743 durchgef\u00FChrte Forschungs- und Entdeckungsreise unter der Leitung des Marineoffiziers Vitus Bering, deren Teilnehmer Sibirien erforschten, die n\u00F6rdlichen K\u00FCsten des Russischen Reiches verma\u00DFen und Seewege vom ostsibirischen Ochotsk nach Nordamerika und Japan erkundeten. Zu den unter zum Teil beachtlichen Strapazen gewonnenen Ergebnissen der Expedition geh\u00F6ren die Entdeckung Alaskas, der Aleuten und der Kommandeurinseln, die genaue kartografische Erfassung der n\u00F6rdlichen und nord\u00F6stlichen K\u00FCsten Russlands und der Kurilen, die Widerlegung der Legende von der Existenz sagenhafter L\u00E4nder im Nordpazifik und die ethnografische, historische und naturwissenschaftliche Erforschung Sibiriens und Kamtschatkas. Mit dem Scheitern einer Umrundung der nord\u00F6stlichen Spitze Asiens auf dem Seeweg zerschlug sich der seit Beginn des 16. Jahrhunderts gehegte Wunsch einer wirtschaftlichen Nutzung der Nordostpassage. Mit \u00FCber 3000 direkt und indirekt beteiligten Personen war die Zweite Kamtschatkaexpedition eines der gr\u00F6\u00DFten Expeditionsvorhaben der Geschichte. Die Gesamtkosten des vom russischen Staat finanzierten Unternehmens beliefen sich auf die f\u00FCr damalige Zeiten unvorstellbar hohe Summe von gesch\u00E4tzten 1,5 Millionen Rubeln, was ungef\u00E4hr einem Sechstel der Einnahmen Russlands im Jahr 1724 entsprach."@de . . . . . . . "\u5927\u5317\u6781\u63A2\u9669\uFF08\u4FC4\u8A9E\uFF1A\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F\uFF09\uFF0C\u6216\u79F0\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u582A\u5BDF\u52A0\u63A2\u9669\uFF08\u4FC4\u8A9E\uFF1A\u0412\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u044F \u041A\u0430\u043C\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u4E16\u754C\u5386\u53F2\u4E0A\u5927\u578B\u63A2\u9669\u6D3B\u52A8\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002 \u8FD9\u6B21\u63A2\u9669\u7684\u65F6\u95F4\u5927\u7EA6\u5728\u4ECE1733\u5E74\u81F31743\u5E74\uFF0C\u786E\u8BA4\u4E86\u897F\u4F2F\u5229\u4E9A\u7684\u5317\u51B0\u6D0B\u6CBF\u6D77\u5730\u533A\u4EE5\u53CA\u5317\u7F8E\u6D32\u7684\u90E8\u5206\u6D77\u5CB8\u7EBF\uFF0C\u5E76\u5C06\u5176\u7ED8\u5236\u5728\u5730\u56FE\u4E4B\u4E0A\u3002\u6700\u521D\u7531\u4FC4\u7F57\u65AF\u6C99\u7687\u5F7C\u5F97\u5927\u5E1D\u63D0\u51FA\u7684\u6784\u60F3\uFF0C\u540E\u6765\u7531\u5B89\u5A1C\u548C\u4F0A\u4E3D\u838E\u767D\u4E24\u4F4D\u4FC4\u7F57\u65AF\u5973\u7687\u4ED8\u8BF8\u5B9E\u8DF5\u3002\u5176\u6700\u4E3B\u8981\u7684\u63A2\u9669\u5BB6\u662F\u7EF4\u56FE\u65AF\u00B7\u767D\u4EE4\u3002"@zh . . "Velk\u00E1 severn\u00ED expedice tak\u00E9 Druh\u00E1 kam\u010Datsk\u00E1 expedice, Sibi\u0159sko-pacifick\u00E1 expedice, Sibi\u0159sk\u00E1 expedice nebo Velk\u00E1 seversk\u00E1 expedice (rusky \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F) byla jednou z nejv\u011Bt\u0161\u00EDch s\u00E9ri\u00ED pr\u016Fzkumn\u00FDch expedic v historii, kter\u00E1 zmapovala v\u011Bt\u0161inu arktick\u00E9ho pob\u0159e\u017E\u00ED Sibi\u0159e, d\u00E1ln\u00E9ho v\u00FDchodu a n\u011Bkter\u00E9 \u010D\u00E1sti severoamerick\u00E9ho pob\u0159e\u017E\u00ED, \u010D\u00EDm\u017E v\u00FDrazn\u011B p\u0159isp\u011Bla k pozn\u00E1n\u00ED t\u011Bchto pol\u00E1rn\u00EDch oblast\u00ED. Cel\u00FD projekt byl koncipov\u00E1n rusk\u00FDm carem Petrem I. Velik\u00FDm, ale implementov\u00E1n rusk\u00FDmi carevnami Annou Ivanovnou a Al\u017Eb\u011Btou Petrovnou. Hlavn\u00EDm organiz\u00E1torem a vedouc\u00EDm expedice byl Vitus Bering, kter\u00E9ho Petr I. Velik\u00FD pov\u011B\u0159il veden\u00EDm Prvn\u00ED kam\u010Datsk\u00E9 expedice v letech 1725-1731. Druhou expedici na Sibi\u0159i a v Tich\u00E9m oce\u00E1nu prov\u00E1d\u011Blo sedm nez\u00E1visl\u00FDch expedic a prob\u00EDhala v letech 1733 a\u017E 1743. Pozd\u011Bji byla kv\u016Fli obrovsk\u00E9mu rozsahu jej\u00EDch \u00FAsp\u011Bch\u016F naz\u00FDvan\u00E1 Velkou severn\u00ED expedic\u00ED."@cs . . "La segunda expedici\u00F3n de Kamchatka (en ruso, \u0412\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u044F \u041A\u0430\u043C\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F) fue una gran expedici\u00F3n de exploraci\u00F3n rusa que ten\u00EDa como objetivo encontrar y cartografiar el extremo oriental de Siberia, con la esperanza de que continuase por la costa occidental de Am\u00E9rica del Norte y que dur\u00F3 aproximadamente desde 1733-1743. La expedici\u00F3n fue encomendada por la emperatriz Ana de Rusia al dan\u00E9s Vitus Bering, que tambi\u00E9n hab\u00EDa sido elegido por Pedro El Grande para dirigir la primera expedici\u00F3n de Kamchatka (1725-1730). Los logros m\u00E1s importantes de la expedici\u00F3n fueron el descubrimiento de Alaska, de las islas Aleutianas, de las islas del Comandante y de la isla de Bering, as\u00ED como una evaluaci\u00F3n cartogr\u00E1fica detallada de la costa norte y nordeste de Rusia y las islas Kuriles. La expedici\u00F3n tambi\u00E9n rechaz\u00F3 definitivamente la leyenda sobre la existencia de una masa de tierra en el Pac\u00EDfico norte. Tambi\u00E9n incluy\u00F3 investigaciones etnogr\u00E1ficas, hist\u00F3ricas y cient\u00EDficas en Siberia y Kamchatka. Cuando la expedici\u00F3n fracas\u00F3 en el intento de rodear el extremo oriental de Asia, el sue\u00F1o de encontrar un econ\u00F3micamente viable paso del Noreste, anhelado desde el siglo XVI, lleg\u00F3 definitivamente a su fin. Con m\u00E1s de 3000 personas directa e indirectamente involucradas, la segunda expedici\u00F3n de Kamchatka fue uno de los mayores proyectos expedicionarios de la historia. El coste total de la empresa, completamente financiado por el Estado ruso, alcanz\u00F3 una suma estimada de 1,5 millones de rublos, una cantidad enorme para la \u00E9poca, que corresponde a una sexta parte de los ingresos del Estado ruso en el a\u00F1o 1724.\u200B Debido a su complejidad y escala, la expedici\u00F3n lleg\u00F3 a ser conocido como la \u00ABGran Expedici\u00F3n del Norte\u00BB. Bering comandaba dos barcos construidos en Ojotsk expresamente para esta expedici\u00F3n: el Sviat\u00F3i Piotr (San Pedro), bajo su mando directo, y el Sviat\u00F3i P\u00E1vel (San Pablo) al mando de su adjunto, Aleks\u00E9i Ch\u00EDrikov. En 1740, Vitus Bering lleg\u00F3 a la bah\u00EDa de Avacha y puso la primera piedra para el puerto de Petrop\u00E1vlovsk-Kamchatski, que lleva el nombre de sus dos barcos, el San Pedro y el San Pablo."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Die Zweite Kamtschatkaexpedition, auch als Gro\u00DFe Nordische Expedition bekannt, war eine zwischen 1733 und 1743 durchgef\u00FChrte Forschungs- und Entdeckungsreise unter der Leitung des Marineoffiziers Vitus Bering, deren Teilnehmer Sibirien erforschten, die n\u00F6rdlichen K\u00FCsten des Russischen Reiches verma\u00DFen und Seewege vom ostsibirischen Ochotsk nach Nordamerika und Japan erkundeten."@de . . . "Seconda spedizione in Kam\u010Datka"@it . "\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u041F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044F \u2014 \u043D\u0438\u0437\u043A\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0439, \u0437\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043E\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0440\u044F\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0443\u0437\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0436 \u0430\u0440\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0436\u044F \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440\u0443, \u0434\u043E \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0432 \u041F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0410\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0456 \u042F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0456\u044F \u0443 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0456\u0439 \u0447\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0456 XVIII \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0456\u043C\u043E\u043C\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0432 1733\u20141743 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0445. \u0423 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0456 \u0437\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0456\u043D\u0448\u0456 \u0457\u0457 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438 \u2014 \u00AB\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u041A\u0430\u043C\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044F\u00BB, \u00AB\u0421\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E-\u0422\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043E\u043A\u0435\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044F\u00BB, \u00AB\u0421\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044F\u00BB."@uk . . . . . . . . . . "Tweede Kamtsjatka-expeditie"@nl . . "20868"^^ . . . "13456065"^^ . . . . . . "\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u041F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044F"@uk . . "La deuxi\u00E8me exp\u00E9dition du Kamtchatka est une mission d'exploration et de recherche scientifique qui fut men\u00E9e entre 1733 et 1743 par l'officier de marine Vitus B\u00E9ring et dont les participants explor\u00E8rent une partie de la Sib\u00E9rie, les c\u00F4tes nord de la Russie et les routes maritimes entre Okhotsk et l'Am\u00E9rique du Nord et le Japon. Compte tenu son ampleur et de son impact, l'exp\u00E9dition est parfois d\u00E9sign\u00E9e comme \u00AB la grande exp\u00E9dition nordique \u00BB."@fr . . . "Zweite Kamtschatkaexpedition"@de . "Segunda expedici\u00F3n a Kamchatka"@es . "The Great Northern Expedition (Russian: \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F) or Second Kamchatka Expedition (Russian: \u0412\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u044F \u041A\u0430\u043C\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F) was one of the largest exploration enterprises in history, mapping most of the Arctic coast of Siberia and some parts of the North American coastline, greatly reducing \"white areas\" on maps. It was conceived by Russian Emperor Peter the Great, but implemented by Russian Empresses Anna and Elizabeth. The main organiser and leader of the expedition was Vitus Bering, who earlier had been commissioned by Peter I to lead the First Kamchatka Expedition (1725 to 1731). The Second Kamchatka Expedition lasted roughly from 1733 to 1743 and later was called the Great Northern Expedition due to the immense scale of its achievements. The goal was to find and map the eastern reaches of Siberia, and hopefully the western shores of North America. Peter I had a vision for the 18th-century Russian Navy to map a Northern Sea Route from Europe to the Pacific. This far-reaching endeavour was sponsored by the Admiralty College in Saint Petersburg. With over 3,000 people directly and indirectly involved, the Second Kamchatka Expedition was one of the largest such projects in history. Its cost, completely financed by the Russian state, reached an estimated 1.5 million rubles, an enormous sum for the time; roughly one sixth of the income of the Russian state in 1724. The achievements of the expedition included the European discovery of Alaska, the Aleutian Islands, the Commander Islands, Bering Island, as well as a detailed cartographic assessment of the northern and north-eastern coast of Russia and the Kuril Islands. It definitively refuted the legend of a land mass in the north Pacific, and did ethnographic, historic, and scientific research into Siberia and Kamchatka. When the expedition failed to round the north-east tip of Asia, the dream of an economically viable Northeast passage, sought since the 16th century, was at an end."@en . . . . . . . . "1111080919"^^ . . . . "De Tweede Kamtsjatka-expeditie (Russisch: \u0412\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u044F \u041A\u0430\u043C\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F) of Grote Noordelijke Expeditie (Russisch: \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F) werd geleid door Vitus Bering, die daarvoor werd verkozen door Peter de Grote, omdat hij ook de had geleid. De Tweede expeditie duurde grofweg van 1733 tot 1741. Bij de expeditie waren meer dan 3000 man direct of indirect betrokken, waaronder de Russische poolvaarder Semjon Tsjeljoeskin, de Duitse arts en natuurwetenschapper Georg Wilhelm Steller en de Russische ontdekkingsreiziger en viceadmiraal Dmitri Laptev."@nl . . . . . . . "\u5927\u5317\u6781\u63A2\u9669"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . "The Great Northern Expedition (Russian: \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F) or Second Kamchatka Expedition (Russian: \u0412\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u044F \u041A\u0430\u043C\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F) was one of the largest exploration enterprises in history, mapping most of the Arctic coast of Siberia and some parts of the North American coastline, greatly reducing \"white areas\" on maps. It was conceived by Russian Emperor Peter the Great, but implemented by Russian Empresses Anna and Elizabeth. The main organiser and leader of the expedition was Vitus Bering, who earlier had been commissioned by Peter I to lead the First Kamchatka Expedition (1725 to 1731). The Second Kamchatka Expedition lasted roughly from 1733 to 1743 and later was called the Great Northern Expedition due to the immense scale of its achievements."@en . . "\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F \u2014 \u0440\u044F\u0434 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0440\u044F\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0432\u0434\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0430\u0440\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u044C\u044F \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0438, \u043A \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043C \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0410\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0438 \u042F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 XVIII \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u0441\u0435\u043C\u044C\u044E \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0442\u0440\u044F\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0432 1733\u20141743 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445. \u0412 \u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0451 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u2014 \u00AB\u0412\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u044F \u041A\u0430\u043C\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F\u00BB, \u00AB\u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E-\u0422\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043E\u043A\u0435\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F\u00BB, \u00AB\u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F\u00BB."@ru . . "De Tweede Kamtsjatka-expeditie (Russisch: \u0412\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u044F \u041A\u0430\u043C\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F) of Grote Noordelijke Expeditie (Russisch: \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F) werd geleid door Vitus Bering, die daarvoor werd verkozen door Peter de Grote, omdat hij ook de had geleid. De Tweede expeditie duurde grofweg van 1733 tot 1741. Het doel van de expeditie was het vinden en karteren van de oostelijke uiteinden van Siberi\u00EB en om hopelijk verder te kunnen gaan naar de westelijke kusten van Noord-Amerika om die ook in kaart te brengen. Verder was men op zoek naar een doorvaartroute van de Zee van Ochotsk naar de Koerilen en Japan en beschreef men de geschiedenis, natuurkundige en volkenkundige verschijnselen tijdens de reis. Bij de expeditie waren meer dan 3000 man direct of indirect betrokken, waaronder de Russische poolvaarder Semjon Tsjeljoeskin, de Duitse arts en natuurwetenschapper Georg Wilhelm Steller en de Russische ontdekkingsreiziger en viceadmiraal Dmitri Laptev. Bering leidde een van de twee schepen; de Sint-Peter en de Sint-Paulus werd geleid door Aleksej Tsjirikov. De twee schepen scheidden van elkaar na de stichting van de ostrog Petropavlovsk in Kamtsjatka, waarbij Bering's schip noordwaarts bleef varen tot de St. Elias Mountains in zicht kwamen op ongeveer 16 juli 1741. Bering trok vandaar naar het westen, maar zijn schip leed schipbreuk op de kust van Beringeiland, waarvan velen van de bemanning dachten dat het Kamtsjatka was. Op 8 december 1741 stierf Bering op het eiland dat naar hem werd vernoemd. In 1742 wisten enkele leden van de bemanning te ontkomen naar Kamtsjatka, waar ze verslag uitbrachten van de expeditie."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Great Northern Expedition"@en . "\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u041F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044F \u2014 \u043D\u0438\u0437\u043A\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0439, \u0437\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043E\u0441\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0440\u044F\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0443\u0437\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0436 \u0430\u0440\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0436\u044F \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440\u0443, \u0434\u043E \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0432 \u041F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0410\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0456 \u042F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0456\u044F \u0443 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0456\u0439 \u0447\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0456 XVIII \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0456\u043C\u043E\u043C\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0432 1733\u20141743 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0445. \u0423 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0456 \u0437\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0456\u043D\u0448\u0456 \u0457\u0457 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438 \u2014 \u00AB\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u041A\u0430\u043C\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044F\u00BB, \u00AB\u0421\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E-\u0422\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043E\u043A\u0435\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044F\u00BB, \u00AB\u0421\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044F\u00BB."@uk . . . . . "\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F"@ru . "Deuxi\u00E8me exp\u00E9dition du Kamtchatka"@fr . "Velk\u00E1 severn\u00ED expedice tak\u00E9 Druh\u00E1 kam\u010Datsk\u00E1 expedice, Sibi\u0159sko-pacifick\u00E1 expedice, Sibi\u0159sk\u00E1 expedice nebo Velk\u00E1 seversk\u00E1 expedice (rusky \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F) byla jednou z nejv\u011Bt\u0161\u00EDch s\u00E9ri\u00ED pr\u016Fzkumn\u00FDch expedic v historii, kter\u00E1 zmapovala v\u011Bt\u0161inu arktick\u00E9ho pob\u0159e\u017E\u00ED Sibi\u0159e, d\u00E1ln\u00E9ho v\u00FDchodu a n\u011Bkter\u00E9 \u010D\u00E1sti severoamerick\u00E9ho pob\u0159e\u017E\u00ED, \u010D\u00EDm\u017E v\u00FDrazn\u011B p\u0159isp\u011Bla k pozn\u00E1n\u00ED t\u011Bchto pol\u00E1rn\u00EDch oblast\u00ED. Cel\u00FD projekt byl koncipov\u00E1n rusk\u00FDm carem Petrem I. Velik\u00FDm, ale implementov\u00E1n rusk\u00FDmi carevnami Annou Ivanovnou a Al\u017Eb\u011Btou Petrovnou. Hlavn\u00EDm organiz\u00E1torem a vedouc\u00EDm expedice byl Vitus Bering, kter\u00E9ho Petr I. Velik\u00FD pov\u011B\u0159il veden\u00EDm Prvn\u00ED kam\u010Datsk\u00E9 expedice v letech 1725-1731. Druhou expedici na Sibi\u0159i a v Tich\u00E9m oce\u00E1nu prov\u00E1d\u011Blo sedm nez\u00E1visl\u00FDch expedic a prob\u00EDhala v letech 1733 a\u017E 1743. Pozd\u011Bji byla"@cs . "La seconda spedizione in Kam\u010Datka (in russo: \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u044F \u043A\u0430\u043C\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F?, traslitterato: vtornaja kam\u010Datskaja \u0117kspedicija), chiamata anche grande spedizione del nord (\u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F), fu una delle pi\u00F9 grandi spedizioni della storia intrapresa al fine di mappare la costa artica della Siberia; di provare o meno la presenza di un ponte con l'America, rilevando parte della costa nordamericana; confermare o meno l'esistenza della leggendaria nel Pacifico e spingersi a sud verso il Giappone. La spedizione, interamente finanziata dalla Russia, con migliaia di persone direttamente e indirettamente coinvolte, era composta da distaccamenti indipendenti le cui esplorazioni avvennero tra il 1733 e il 1743. Nouvelle Carte des Decouvertes faites par des Vaisseaux Russiens (di G. F. M\u00FCller) con i confini dell'Eurasia nord-orientale, pubblicata dal dipartimento di geografia dell'Accademia delle Scienze di San Pietroburgo, nel 1754. Il principale organizzatore e capo della spedizione fu Vitus Jonassen Bering, che era stato incaricato dallo zar Pietro I di Russia di guidare la Prima spedizione in Kam\u010Datka. La zarina Anna, nipote di Pietro, promosse e affid\u00F2 anche la seconda spedizione a Bering seguendo il volere dello zio. La spedizione fu caldamente sostenuta dall'Ammiragliato, presieduto da Nikolaj F\u00EBdorovi\u010D Golovin (\u041D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0430\u0439 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D), e dal segretario generale del senato Ivan Kirillovi\u010D Kirilov (\u0418\u0432\u0430\u043D \u041A\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043B\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041A\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0432). I risultati della spedizione compresero la scoperta europea dell'Alaska, delle isole Aleutine, delle isole del Commodoro, dell'isola di Bering, nonch\u00E9 la summenzionata valutazione cartografica delle coste settentrionali e orientali della Russia e delle isole Curili. Fu definitivamente confutata la leggenda dell'esistenza di una terra nel nord Pacifico, e vennero eseguite ricerche etnografiche, storiche e scientifiche in Siberia e in Kam\u010Datka. Il sogno di un passaggio a nord-est, economicamente vitale e ricercato fin dal XVI secolo, iniziava a concretizzarsi."@it . . . "\u5927\u5317\u6781\u63A2\u9669\uFF08\u4FC4\u8A9E\uFF1A\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F\uFF09\uFF0C\u6216\u79F0\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u582A\u5BDF\u52A0\u63A2\u9669\uFF08\u4FC4\u8A9E\uFF1A\u0412\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u044F \u041A\u0430\u043C\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u4E16\u754C\u5386\u53F2\u4E0A\u5927\u578B\u63A2\u9669\u6D3B\u52A8\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002 \u8FD9\u6B21\u63A2\u9669\u7684\u65F6\u95F4\u5927\u7EA6\u5728\u4ECE1733\u5E74\u81F31743\u5E74\uFF0C\u786E\u8BA4\u4E86\u897F\u4F2F\u5229\u4E9A\u7684\u5317\u51B0\u6D0B\u6CBF\u6D77\u5730\u533A\u4EE5\u53CA\u5317\u7F8E\u6D32\u7684\u90E8\u5206\u6D77\u5CB8\u7EBF\uFF0C\u5E76\u5C06\u5176\u7ED8\u5236\u5728\u5730\u56FE\u4E4B\u4E0A\u3002\u6700\u521D\u7531\u4FC4\u7F57\u65AF\u6C99\u7687\u5F7C\u5F97\u5927\u5E1D\u63D0\u51FA\u7684\u6784\u60F3\uFF0C\u540E\u6765\u7531\u5B89\u5A1C\u548C\u4F0A\u4E3D\u838E\u767D\u4E24\u4F4D\u4FC4\u7F57\u65AF\u5973\u7687\u4ED8\u8BF8\u5B9E\u8DF5\u3002\u5176\u6700\u4E3B\u8981\u7684\u63A2\u9669\u5BB6\u662F\u7EF4\u56FE\u65AF\u00B7\u767D\u4EE4\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . "La segunda expedici\u00F3n de Kamchatka (en ruso, \u0412\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u044F \u041A\u0430\u043C\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F) fue una gran expedici\u00F3n de exploraci\u00F3n rusa que ten\u00EDa como objetivo encontrar y cartografiar el extremo oriental de Siberia, con la esperanza de que continuase por la costa occidental de Am\u00E9rica del Norte y que dur\u00F3 aproximadamente desde 1733-1743. La expedici\u00F3n fue encomendada por la emperatriz Ana de Rusia al dan\u00E9s Vitus Bering, que tambi\u00E9n hab\u00EDa sido elegido por Pedro El Grande para dirigir la primera expedici\u00F3n de Kamchatka (1725-1730)."@es . . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F \u2014 \u0440\u044F\u0434 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0440\u044F\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0432\u0434\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0430\u0440\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u044C\u044F \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0438, \u043A \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043C \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0410\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0438 \u042F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 XVIII \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u0441\u0435\u043C\u044C\u044E \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043E\u0442\u0440\u044F\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0432 1733\u20141743 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445. \u0412 \u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0451 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u2014 \u00AB\u0412\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u044F \u041A\u0430\u043C\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F\u00BB, \u00AB\u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E-\u0422\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043E\u043A\u0435\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F\u00BB, \u00AB\u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F\u00BB."@ru . "Velk\u00E1 severn\u00ED expedice"@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La seconda spedizione in Kam\u010Datka (in russo: \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u044F \u043A\u0430\u043C\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F?, traslitterato: vtornaja kam\u010Datskaja \u0117kspedicija), chiamata anche grande spedizione del nord (\u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044F), fu una delle pi\u00F9 grandi spedizioni della storia intrapresa al fine di mappare la costa artica della Siberia; di provare o meno la presenza di un ponte con l'America, rilevando parte della costa nordamericana; confermare o meno l'esistenza della leggendaria nel Pacifico e spingersi a sud verso il Giappone. La spedizione, interamente finanziata dalla Russia, con migliaia di persone direttamente e indirettamente coinvolte, era composta da distaccamenti indipendenti le cui esplorazioni avvennero tra il 1733 e il 1743."@it . . . . . . "La deuxi\u00E8me exp\u00E9dition du Kamtchatka est une mission d'exploration et de recherche scientifique qui fut men\u00E9e entre 1733 et 1743 par l'officier de marine Vitus B\u00E9ring et dont les participants explor\u00E8rent une partie de la Sib\u00E9rie, les c\u00F4tes nord de la Russie et les routes maritimes entre Okhotsk et l'Am\u00E9rique du Nord et le Japon. Parmi les r\u00E9sultats tangibles de l'exp\u00E9dition, figurent la d\u00E9couverte de l'Alaska, des \u00EEles Al\u00E9outiennes, des \u00EEles du Commandeur et l'\u00EEle B\u00E9ring, la cartographie exacte des c\u00F4tes du nord et nord-est de la Russie, la r\u00E9futation de la l\u00E9gende d'habitants l\u00E9gendaires du Nord-Pacifique et une \u00E9tude ethnographique, historique et biologique de la Sib\u00E9rie et du Kamtchatka. L'exp\u00E9dition mit \u00E9galement fin au r\u00EAve d'un passage du Nord-Est \u2014 recherch\u00E9 depuis le d\u00E9but du XVIe si\u00E8cle \u2014 permettant de contourner par voie de mer l'extr\u00E9mit\u00E9 nord-est de l'Asie. La deuxi\u00E8me exp\u00E9dition du Kamtchatka avec ses 3 000 participants directs et indirects fut l'une des plus grandes exp\u00E9ditions de l'histoire. Le co\u00FBt total de l'entreprise financ\u00E9e par la couronne russe se monta \u00E0 la somme incroyable pour l'\u00E9poque de 1,5 million de roubles soit \u00E0 peu pr\u00E8s un sixi\u00E8me des revenus de la Russie en 1724. Compte tenu son ampleur et de son impact, l'exp\u00E9dition est parfois d\u00E9sign\u00E9e comme \u00AB la grande exp\u00E9dition nordique \u00BB."@fr . . . . . . . . .