. . "El estado fundamental de un sistema mec\u00E1nico cu\u00E1ntico representa a su estado de energ\u00EDa m\u00E1s bajo posible; la energ\u00EDa del estado fundamental se conoce tambi\u00E9n como la energ\u00EDa de punto cero del sistema. Por estado excitado se entiende a cualquier estado con energ\u00EDa superior a la del estado fundamental. El estado fundamental en teor\u00EDa cu\u00E1ntica de campos se conoce com\u00FAnmente como vac\u00EDo cu\u00E1ntico o vac\u00EDo."@es . . "\u57FA\u6001"@zh . . . . . . "L'\u00E9tat fondamental est, en physique, une notion polys\u00E9mique renvoyant g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement \u00E0 un \u00E9tat de plus basse \u00E9nergie pour un \u00E9lectron, ou de plus grande neutralit\u00E9 \u00E9lectrique pour un atome."@fr . "El estado fundamental de un sistema mec\u00E1nico cu\u00E1ntico representa a su estado de energ\u00EDa m\u00E1s bajo posible; la energ\u00EDa del estado fundamental se conoce tambi\u00E9n como la energ\u00EDa de punto cero del sistema. Por estado excitado se entiende a cualquier estado con energ\u00EDa superior a la del estado fundamental. El estado fundamental en teor\u00EDa cu\u00E1ntica de campos se conoce com\u00FAnmente como vac\u00EDo cu\u00E1ntico o vac\u00EDo. Si existe m\u00E1s de un estado fundamental, se entiende que son degenerados. Muchos sistemas tienen estados fundamentales degenerados, tales como el \u00E1tomo de hidr\u00F3geno. Se desprende que la degeneraci\u00F3n ocurre cuando un operador unitario no trivial conmuta con el Hamiltoniano del sistema. De acuerdo con el tercer principio de la termodin\u00E1mica un sistema a temperatura de cero absoluto se encuentra en su estado fundamental, ya que su entrop\u00EDa se determina por la degeneraci\u00F3n del estado fundamental. Muchos sistemas, tales como una estructura cristalina perfecta, tienen un estado fundamental \u00FAnico, y por tanto, tienen entrop\u00EDa cero cuando se encuentran a cero absoluto, ya que logaritmo de 1 es 0. Tambi\u00E9n es posible para el estado de mayor excitaci\u00F3n, tener temperatura de cero absoluto en los sistemas que exhiben temperatura negativa."@es . . . . "\uBC14\uB2E5 \uC0C1\uD0DC(\uC601\uC5B4: ground state) \uB610\uB294 \uAE30\uC800 \uC0C1\uD0DC(\u57FA\u5E95\u72C0\u614B)\uB294 \uC591\uC790\uC5ED\uD559\uC801\uC778 \uACC4\uC5D0\uC11C \uAC00\uC7A5 \uB0AE\uC740 \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0\uB97C \uAC00\uC9C4 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uC774\uB2E4. \uBC14\uB2E5 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uAC00 \uC544\uB2CC \uC0C1\uD0DC(\uC989, \uBC14\uB2E5 \uC0C1\uD0DC \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uB354 \uB192\uC740 \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0\uB97C \uAC00\uC9C4 \uC0C1\uD0DC)\uB97C \uB4E4\uB72C \uC0C1\uD0DC\uB77C\uACE0 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC591\uC790\uC7A5\uC740 \uBC14\uB2E5 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uAC00 \uC9C4\uACF5\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . "Stan podstawowy"@pl . "L'\u00E9tat fondamental est, en physique, une notion polys\u00E9mique renvoyant g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement \u00E0 un \u00E9tat de plus basse \u00E9nergie pour un \u00E9lectron, ou de plus grande neutralit\u00E9 \u00E9lectrique pour un atome."@fr . "\uBC14\uB2E5 \uC0C1\uD0DC"@ko . . "Grundzustand"@de . . . . "Stato fondamentale"@it . . "\u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u044D\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0443\u043B\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0439 (\u0432 \u043A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F \u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432\u044B\u043C \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0443\u0443\u043C\u043E\u043C)."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629"@ar . . "Stan podstawowy \u2013 stan uk\u0142adu kwantowego charakteryzuj\u0105cy si\u0119 najmniejsz\u0105 energi\u0105."@pl . "Ett grundtillst\u00E5nd hos ett kvantmekaniskt system (till exempel en atom, eller en molekyl) \u00E4r det tillst\u00E5nd d\u00E4r den har sitt l\u00E4gsta . Exciterade tillst\u00E5nd \u00E4r alla tillst\u00E5nd med h\u00F6gre energi \u00E4n grundtillst\u00E5ndet. N\u00E4r systemet deexciterar fr\u00E5n ett h\u00F6gre energitillst\u00E5nd till grundtillst\u00E5ndet avges elektromagnetisk str\u00E5lning med en energi som motsvarar skillnaden i energi mellan de b\u00E5da tillst\u00E5nden. Denna artikel om kvantfysik eller subatom\u00E4r fysik saknar v\u00E4sentlig information. Du kan hj\u00E4lpa till genom att l\u00E4gga till den."@sv . "Grundtillst\u00E5nd"@sv . . "De grondtoestand is het laagste energieniveau van een systeem. Alle toestanden met een hoger energieniveau zijn aangeslagen of ge\u00EBxciteerde toestanden. In de kwantummechanica wordt gesteld dat een systeem niet elk willekeurig energieniveau kan hebben, maar dat de energie van een systeem slechts bepaalde, discrete, getalsmatige waarden (niveaus) kan aannemen, of binnen een bepaalde energieband moet vallen: de energieniveaus zijn gekwantiseerd. De toestand met het laagste energieniveau is de grondtoestand."@nl . "1078301841"^^ . . "Stan podstawowy \u2013 stan uk\u0142adu kwantowego charakteryzuj\u0105cy si\u0119 najmniejsz\u0105 energi\u0105."@pl . "Grondtoestand"@nl . "\u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0456\u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0448\u043E\u044E \u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0454\u044E. \u0423 \u043A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0439 \u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0446\u0456 \u0441\u043F\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440 \u0433\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0430\u043D\u0430, \u0442\u043E\u0431\u0442\u043E \u0441\u043F\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0436\u0434\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u043C\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u043D\u0438\u0437\u0443, \u0442\u043E\u0436 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0436\u0434\u0438 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0448\u0435."@uk . "\u00C9tat fondamental"@fr . . "\u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u0438\u0435"@ru . . . . . . "\u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u044D\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0443\u043B\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0439 (\u0432 \u043A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F \u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432\u044B\u043C \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0443\u0443\u043C\u043E\u043C)."@ru . . "\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0646\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u064A\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u064A \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064A (\u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629) \u062A\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064A\u0647 . \u0648\u062A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 . \u0648\u062A\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062B\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0623\u064A \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629 . \u0648\u062A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064A . \u0648\u062A\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062A\u0633\u0644\u064A\u0637 \u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A \u0641\u064A \u062A\u062C\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0632\u064A\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060C \u0648\u062A\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062F \u062A\u0633\u0644\u064A\u0637 \u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u062C\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0634\u062A\u0627\u0631\u0643."@ar . . . . . . . "Em mec\u00E2nica qu\u00E2ntica um estado fundamental, tamb\u00E9m chamado de estado estacion\u00E1rio, \u00E9 aquele na qual a densidade de probabilidade n\u00E3o varia com o tempo. Uma part\u00EDcula nunca tem energia igual \u00E0 zero, pois assim ela teria uma velocidade e posi\u00E7\u00E3o definida, contrariando o princ\u00EDpio da incerteza de Heisenberg. Mas muito pelo contr\u00E1rio, ela pode ter uma quantidade m\u00EDnima de energia, chamado estado fundamental, ou seja, ela teria denominadas flutua\u00E7\u00F5es de energia. Como consequ\u00EAncia os estados estacion\u00E1rios t\u00EAm uma energia definida, ou seja, s\u00E3o autofun\u00E7\u00F5es do Hamiltoniano do sistema."@pt . . "\u57FA\u5E95\u72B6\u614B\uFF08\u304D\u3066\u3044\u3058\u3087\u3046\u305F\u3044\u3001\u82F1: ground state\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u91CF\u5B50\u529B\u5B66\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7CFB\u306E\u56FA\u6709\u72B6\u614B\u306E\u3046\u3061\u6700\u3082\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u306E\u4F4E\u3044\u72B6\u614B\u3092\u3044\u3046\u3002 \u4E00\u65B9\u3067\u3001\u57FA\u5E95\u72B6\u614B\u3088\u308A\u3082\u9AD8\u3044\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u306E\u56FA\u6709\u72B6\u614B\u306F\u3001\u52B1\u8D77\u72B6\u614B\u3068\u547C\u3076\u3002 \u5206\u5B50\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u5C11\u6570\u591A\u4F53\u7CFB\u3067\u3042\u308C\u3070\u3001\u57FA\u5E95\u72B6\u614B\u306F\u7D76\u5BFE\u96F6\u5EA6\u306E\u6CE2\u52D5\u95A2\u6570\u3092\u610F\u5473\u3059\u308B\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u56FA\u4F53\u7269\u7406\u5B66\u3067\u306F\u3001\u6709\u9650\u6E29\u5EA6\u3067\u306E\u72B6\u614B\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u7D20\u52B1\u8D77\u304C\u306A\u304F\u3001\u91CF\u5B50\u7D71\u8A08\u529B\u5B66\u3067\u8A18\u8FF0\u3055\u308C\u308B\u71B1\u5E73\u8861\u72B6\u614B\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u57FA\u5E95\u72B6\u614B\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3053\u308C\u3089\u306F\u53B3\u5BC6\u306B\u306F\u533A\u5225\u3059\u3079\u304D\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "De grondtoestand is het laagste energieniveau van een systeem. Alle toestanden met een hoger energieniveau zijn aangeslagen of ge\u00EBxciteerde toestanden. In de kwantummechanica wordt gesteld dat een systeem niet elk willekeurig energieniveau kan hebben, maar dat de energie van een systeem slechts bepaalde, discrete, getalsmatige waarden (niveaus) kan aannemen, of binnen een bepaalde energieband moet vallen: de energieniveaus zijn gekwantiseerd. De toestand met het laagste energieniveau is de grondtoestand. Als de energiewaarden van de verschillende aangeslagen toestanden veel hoger liggen dan die van de grondtoestand (als het energieverschil groter is dan het product van de gasconstante R en de temperatuur T: RT), dan zal het systeem het grootste deel van de tijd in de grondtoestand doorbrengen. Dit is bijvoorbeeld het geval voor de elektronenbanen binnen atomen bij kamertemperatuur. Zijn de aangeslagen toestanden bereikbaar (het energieverschil is veel kleiner dan RT), dan vinden er voortdurend overgangen plaats tussen de grondtoestand en de verschillende aangeslagen toestanden. Dit is bijvoorbeeld het geval voor de verschillende, discrete, mogelijke rotatiesnelheden van kleine moleculen in een gas. Door een systeem sterk af te koelen kunnen aangeslagen toestanden steeds moeilijker toegankelijk worden gemaakt (men verkleint zo immers RT). Bij het absolute nulpunt bevindt een systeem zich per definitie in de grondtoestand."@nl . "Keadaan dasar"@in . . "The ground state of a quantum-mechanical system is its stationary state of lowest energy; the energy of the ground state is known as the zero-point energy of the system. An excited state is any state with energy greater than the ground state. In quantum field theory, the ground state is usually called the vacuum state or the vacuum. If more than one ground state exists, they are said to be degenerate. Many systems have degenerate ground states. Degeneracy occurs whenever there exists a unitary operator that acts non-trivially on a ground state and commutes with the Hamiltonian of the system. According to the third law of thermodynamics, a system at absolute zero temperature exists in its ground state; thus, its entropy is determined by the degeneracy of the ground state. Many systems, such as a perfect crystal lattice, have a unique ground state and therefore have zero entropy at absolute zero. It is also possible for the highest excited state to have absolute zero temperature for systems that exhibit negative temperature."@en . . 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\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C\u064A\u0629 (\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064A\u0647\u0627) \u060C \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F\u0629\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062F \u062F\u0631\u062C\u0629 \u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u063A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062A\u0645 1 \u064A\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064A \u0635\u0641\u0631."@ar . . "Keadaan dasar dari suatu sistem mekanika kuantum adalah energi terendah; energi pada keadaan dasar dikenal sebagai energi titik nol pada sistem. Suatu adalah keadaan apapun dengan energi yang lebih besar dari keadaan dasar. Dalam teori medan kuantum, keadaan dasar biasanya dikenal sebagai atau vakum saja. Jika terdapat lebih dari satu keadaan dasar, mereka dapat dikatakan sebagai keadaan . Banyak sistem memiliki keadaan dasar terdegenerasi. Degenerasi muncul ketika terdapat suatu yang bertindak tak biasa pada keadaan dasar dan menggantinya dengan sistem ."@in . . . "In meccanica quantistica si definisce stato fondamentale di un sistema l'autostato discreto dell'operatore hamiltoniano di autovalore minimo, cio\u00E8 lo stato di minima energia possibile. Essendo l'Hamiltoniana il generatore dell'evoluzione temporale (allo stesso modo in cui l'operatore impulso \u00E8 il generatore delle traslazioni spaziali), lo stato fondamentale (cos\u00EC come gli altri autostati dell'energia) \u00E8 anche uno stato stazionario. Di importanza storica e didattica sono lo studio dello stato fondamentale dell'oscillatore armonico e di quello dell'atomo di idrogeno."@it . . . . "In meccanica quantistica si definisce stato fondamentale di un sistema l'autostato discreto dell'operatore hamiltoniano di autovalore minimo, cio\u00E8 lo stato di minima energia possibile. Essendo l'Hamiltoniana il generatore dell'evoluzione temporale (allo stesso modo in cui l'operatore impulso \u00E8 il generatore delle traslazioni spaziali), lo stato fondamentale (cos\u00EC come gli altri autostati dell'energia) \u00E8 anche uno stato stazionario. Di importanza storica e didattica sono lo studio dello stato fondamentale dell'oscillatore armonico e di quello dell'atomo di idrogeno."@it . . . . . . "L'estat fonamental d'un sistema mec\u00E0nic qu\u00E0ntic representa al seu estat d'energia m\u00E9s baix possible; l'energia de l'estat fonamental es coneix tamb\u00E9 com l'energia del punt zero del sistema. Per estat excitat s'ent\u00E9n qualsevol estat amb una energia superior a la de l'estat fonamental. L'estat fonamental en teoria qu\u00E0ntica de camps es coneix comunament com buit qu\u00E0ntic o simplement buit."@ca . "\u7531\u91CF\u5B50\u529B\u5B66\u521B\u59CB\u4EBA\u63D0\u51FA\u3002\u5728\u91CF\u5B50\u529B\u5B66\u91CC\uFF0C\u4E00\u4E2A\u7CFB\u7EDF\u53EF\u80FD\u5904\u4E8E\u4E00\u7CFB\u5217\u91CF\u5B50\u6001\u4E2D\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u3002\u8FD9\u4E00\u7CFB\u5217\u7684\u91CF\u5B50\u6001\u4F9D\u80FD\u91CF\uFF08\u80FD\u968E\uFF09\u591A\u5C11\u6392\u5217\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u80FD\u91CF\u6700\u5C11\u7684\u91CF\u5B50\u6001\u79F0\u4E3A\u57FA\u6001\u3002\u5177\u6709\u66F4\u9AD8\u80FD\u91CF\u7684\u72B6\u6001\u79F0\u4E3A\u6FC0\u53D1\u6001\u3002\u7CFB\u7EDF\u4E00\u822C\u503E\u5411\u4E8E\u5360\u636E\u80FD\u91CF\u6700\u5C11\u7684\u72B6\u6001\uFF0C\u6240\u4EE5\u57FA\u6001\u662F\u7814\u7A76\u4E00\u4E2A\u91CF\u5B50\u7CFB\u7EDF\u7684\u91CD\u8981\u65B9\u9762\u3002"@zh . "Der Grundzustand eines quantenmechanischen oder quantenfeldtheoretischen Systems ist dessen Zustand mit der geringstm\u00F6glichen Energie (siehe auch Energieniveau)."@de . "\u57FA\u5E95\u72B6\u614B"@ja . . . . . . "The ground state of a quantum-mechanical system is its stationary state of lowest energy; the energy of the ground state is known as the zero-point energy of the system. An excited state is any state with energy greater than the ground state. In quantum field theory, the ground state is usually called the vacuum state or the vacuum. If more than one ground state exists, they are said to be degenerate. Many systems have degenerate ground states. Degeneracy occurs whenever there exists a unitary operator that acts non-trivially on a ground state and commutes with the Hamiltonian of the system."@en . "Der Grundzustand eines quantenmechanischen oder quantenfeldtheoretischen Systems ist dessen Zustand mit der geringstm\u00F6glichen Energie (siehe auch Energieniveau)."@de . . "Ett grundtillst\u00E5nd hos ett kvantmekaniskt system (till exempel en atom, eller en molekyl) \u00E4r det tillst\u00E5nd d\u00E4r den har sitt l\u00E4gsta . Exciterade tillst\u00E5nd \u00E4r alla tillst\u00E5nd med h\u00F6gre energi \u00E4n grundtillst\u00E5ndet. N\u00E4r systemet deexciterar fr\u00E5n ett h\u00F6gre energitillst\u00E5nd till grundtillst\u00E5ndet avges elektromagnetisk str\u00E5lning med en energi som motsvarar skillnaden i energi mellan de b\u00E5da tillst\u00E5nden. Denna artikel om kvantfysik eller subatom\u00E4r fysik saknar v\u00E4sentlig information. Du kan hj\u00E4lpa till genom att l\u00E4gga till den."@sv . . "\u7531\u91CF\u5B50\u529B\u5B66\u521B\u59CB\u4EBA\u63D0\u51FA\u3002\u5728\u91CF\u5B50\u529B\u5B66\u91CC\uFF0C\u4E00\u4E2A\u7CFB\u7EDF\u53EF\u80FD\u5904\u4E8E\u4E00\u7CFB\u5217\u91CF\u5B50\u6001\u4E2D\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u3002\u8FD9\u4E00\u7CFB\u5217\u7684\u91CF\u5B50\u6001\u4F9D\u80FD\u91CF\uFF08\u80FD\u968E\uFF09\u591A\u5C11\u6392\u5217\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u80FD\u91CF\u6700\u5C11\u7684\u91CF\u5B50\u6001\u79F0\u4E3A\u57FA\u6001\u3002\u5177\u6709\u66F4\u9AD8\u80FD\u91CF\u7684\u72B6\u6001\u79F0\u4E3A\u6FC0\u53D1\u6001\u3002\u7CFB\u7EDF\u4E00\u822C\u503E\u5411\u4E8E\u5360\u636E\u80FD\u91CF\u6700\u5C11\u7684\u72B6\u6001\uFF0C\u6240\u4EE5\u57FA\u6001\u662F\u7814\u7A76\u4E00\u4E2A\u91CF\u5B50\u7CFB\u7EDF\u7684\u91CD\u8981\u65B9\u9762\u3002"@zh . "\uBC14\uB2E5 \uC0C1\uD0DC(\uC601\uC5B4: ground state) \uB610\uB294 \uAE30\uC800 \uC0C1\uD0DC(\u57FA\u5E95\u72C0\u614B)\uB294 \uC591\uC790\uC5ED\uD559\uC801\uC778 \uACC4\uC5D0\uC11C \uAC00\uC7A5 \uB0AE\uC740 \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0\uB97C \uAC00\uC9C4 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uC774\uB2E4. \uBC14\uB2E5 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uAC00 \uC544\uB2CC \uC0C1\uD0DC(\uC989, \uBC14\uB2E5 \uC0C1\uD0DC \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uB354 \uB192\uC740 \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0\uB97C \uAC00\uC9C4 \uC0C1\uD0DC)\uB97C \uB4E4\uB72C \uC0C1\uD0DC\uB77C\uACE0 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC591\uC790\uC7A5\uC740 \uBC14\uB2E5 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uAC00 \uC9C4\uACF5\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . "Ground state"@en . . . . . . . "\u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0456\u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0448\u043E\u044E \u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0454\u044E. \u0423 \u043A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0439 \u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0446\u0456 \u0441\u043F\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440 \u0433\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0430\u043D\u0430, \u0442\u043E\u0431\u0442\u043E \u0441\u043F\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0436\u0434\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u043C\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u043D\u0438\u0437\u0443, \u0442\u043E\u0436 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0436\u0434\u0438 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0448\u0435."@uk . "Em mec\u00E2nica qu\u00E2ntica um estado fundamental, tamb\u00E9m chamado de estado estacion\u00E1rio, \u00E9 aquele na qual a densidade de probabilidade n\u00E3o varia com o tempo. Uma part\u00EDcula nunca tem energia igual \u00E0 zero, pois assim ela teria uma velocidade e posi\u00E7\u00E3o definida, contrariando o princ\u00EDpio da incerteza de Heisenberg. Mas muito pelo contr\u00E1rio, ela pode ter uma quantidade m\u00EDnima de energia, chamado estado fundamental, ou seja, ela teria denominadas flutua\u00E7\u00F5es de energia. Como consequ\u00EAncia os estados estacion\u00E1rios t\u00EAm uma energia definida, ou seja, s\u00E3o autofun\u00E7\u00F5es do Hamiltoniano do sistema. Como \u00E9 uma autofun\u00E7\u00E3o do Hamiltoniano, um estado estacion\u00E1rio n\u00E3o est\u00E1 sujeito a altera\u00E7\u00E3o ou decaimento (a um estado de menor energia). Na pr\u00E1tica, os estados estacion\u00E1rios n\u00E3o s\u00E3o \"estacion\u00E1rios\" para sempre. Realmente se referem a autofun\u00E7\u00F5es do Hamiltoniano no que se tem ignorado pequenos efeitos perturbativos. Esta terminologia permite discutir as autofun\u00E7\u00F5es do Hamiltoniano n\u00E3o perturbado considerando que a perturba\u00E7\u00E3o pode causar, eventualmente, o decaimento do estado estacion\u00E1rio. Isto implica que o \u00FAnico estado estacion\u00E1rio de verdade \u00E9 o estado fundamental. Como exemplo simples, um el\u00E9tron, no estado fundamental, precisa de energia extra para mover-se at\u00E9 uma \u00F3rbita mais externa, mais distante do n\u00FAcleo. J\u00E1 um el\u00E9tron, ao mover-se de uma \u00F3rbita mais elevada para uma \u00F3rbita mais interna, mais pr\u00F3xima do n\u00FAcleo, libera energia."@pt . "L'estat fonamental d'un sistema mec\u00E0nic qu\u00E0ntic representa al seu estat d'energia m\u00E9s baix possible; l'energia de l'estat fonamental es coneix tamb\u00E9 com l'energia del punt zero del sistema. Per estat excitat s'ent\u00E9n qualsevol estat amb una energia superior a la de l'estat fonamental. L'estat fonamental en teoria qu\u00E0ntica de camps es coneix comunament com buit qu\u00E0ntic o simplement buit. Si existeix m\u00E9s d'un estat fonamental, s'ent\u00E9n que s\u00F3n . Molts sistemes tenen estats fonamentals degenerats, tals com l'\u00E0tom d'hidrogen. La degeneraci\u00F3 ocorre quan un operador unitari no trivial commuta amb el hamiltoni\u00E0 del sistema. D'acord amb el tercer principi de la termodin\u00E0mica un sistema a temperatura de zero absolut es troba en el seu estat fonamental, ja que la seva entropia es determina per la degeneraci\u00F3 de l'estat fonamental. Molts sistemes, tals com una estructura cristal\u00B7lina perfecta, tenen un estat fonamental \u00FAnic i, per tant, tenen entropia zero quan es troben al zero absolut, ja que el logaritme d'1 \u00E9s 0. Tamb\u00E9 \u00E9s possible, per a l'estat de major excitaci\u00F3, tenir temperatura de zero absolut en els sistemes que exhibeixen temperatura negativa."@ca . "\u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D \u043A\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0438"@uk . "Keadaan dasar dari suatu sistem mekanika kuantum adalah energi terendah; energi pada keadaan dasar dikenal sebagai energi titik nol pada sistem. Suatu adalah keadaan apapun dengan energi yang lebih besar dari keadaan dasar. Dalam teori medan kuantum, keadaan dasar biasanya dikenal sebagai atau vakum saja. Jika terdapat lebih dari satu keadaan dasar, mereka dapat dikatakan sebagai keadaan . Banyak sistem memiliki keadaan dasar terdegenerasi. Degenerasi muncul ketika terdapat suatu yang bertindak tak biasa pada keadaan dasar dan menggantinya dengan sistem . Menurut hukum ketiga termodinamika, suatu sistem pada suhu nol absolut terdapat dalam keadaan dasarnya; karena itu, entropinya ditentukan melalui degenerasi keadaan dasarnya. Banyak sistem, seperti suatu sempurna, memiliki keadaan dasar yang unik dan karenanya memiliki nol entropi pada nol absolut. Keadaan tereksitasi tertinggi juga memungkinkan untuk memiliki suhu bernilai nol mutlak pada sistem yang memperlihatkan ."@in . . "Estat fonamental"@ca . . . "Estado fundamental"@pt . . . . "Estado fundamental (f\u00EDsica)"@es . . . . . . "225982"^^ . . "\u57FA\u5E95\u72B6\u614B\uFF08\u304D\u3066\u3044\u3058\u3087\u3046\u305F\u3044\u3001\u82F1: ground state\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u91CF\u5B50\u529B\u5B66\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7CFB\u306E\u56FA\u6709\u72B6\u614B\u306E\u3046\u3061\u6700\u3082\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u306E\u4F4E\u3044\u72B6\u614B\u3092\u3044\u3046\u3002 \u4E00\u65B9\u3067\u3001\u57FA\u5E95\u72B6\u614B\u3088\u308A\u3082\u9AD8\u3044\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u306E\u56FA\u6709\u72B6\u614B\u306F\u3001\u52B1\u8D77\u72B6\u614B\u3068\u547C\u3076\u3002 \u5206\u5B50\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u5C11\u6570\u591A\u4F53\u7CFB\u3067\u3042\u308C\u3070\u3001\u57FA\u5E95\u72B6\u614B\u306F\u7D76\u5BFE\u96F6\u5EA6\u306E\u6CE2\u52D5\u95A2\u6570\u3092\u610F\u5473\u3059\u308B\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u56FA\u4F53\u7269\u7406\u5B66\u3067\u306F\u3001\u6709\u9650\u6E29\u5EA6\u3067\u306E\u72B6\u614B\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u7D20\u52B1\u8D77\u304C\u306A\u304F\u3001\u91CF\u5B50\u7D71\u8A08\u529B\u5B66\u3067\u8A18\u8FF0\u3055\u308C\u308B\u71B1\u5E73\u8861\u72B6\u614B\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u57FA\u5E95\u72B6\u614B\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3053\u308C\u3089\u306F\u53B3\u5BC6\u306B\u306F\u533A\u5225\u3059\u3079\u304D\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . "11545"^^ . .