. . . . . "La d\u00E9vastation du Nord de l'Angleterre (Harrying of the North en anglais) est l'\u00E9tape finale d'une s\u00E9rie de campagnes men\u00E9es pendant l'hiver 1069-1070 par Guillaume le Conqu\u00E9rant, premier roi normand d'Angleterre, afin de soumettre d\u00E9finitivement le Nord du royaume (en premier lieu la Northumbrie et les Midlands), et d'achever la conqu\u00EAte normande de l'Angleterre. L\u2019expression Harrying of the North est g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement utilis\u00E9e pour d\u00E9signer cette s\u00E9rie de campagnes."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La Masacre del Norte fueron unas campa\u00F1as lanzadas por Guillermo el Conquistador\u200B en el invierno de 1069-1070 para someter el norte de Inglaterra y forman parte de la conquista normanda de Inglaterra. Estas campa\u00F1as eliminaron efectivamente la cuasi-independencia de la regi\u00F3n a trav\u00E9s de la destrucci\u00F3n a gran escala del territorio, \"pacific\u00F3\" a la poblaci\u00F3n local y permiti\u00F3 el reemplazo de la jerarqu\u00EDa anglo-danesa por nobleza de origen normando. Se cree que la cifra de muertos pudo superar los 100 000, y que las p\u00E9rdidas sociales, culturales y econ\u00F3micas fueron sustanciales.\u200B\u200B La pol\u00EDtica de tierra quemada empleada ech\u00F3 a perder muchos suelos y llev\u00F3 a la despoblaci\u00F3n, un hecho que aparece reflejado en el Libro Domesday, escrito casi veinte a\u00F1os despu\u00E9s.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5317\u90E8\u306E\u8E42\u8E99 (\u307B\u304F\u3076\u306E\u3058\u3085\u3046\u308A\u3093\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: Harrying of the North) \u306F\u30011069\u5E74\u304B\u30891070\u5E74\u306E\u9593\u306E\u51AC\u306B\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u738B\u30A6\u30A3\u30EA\u30A2\u30E01\u4E16\u304C\u884C\u3063\u305F\uFF08\u30CE\u30FC\u30B9\uFF09\u9060\u5F81\u3002\u30A6\u30A7\u30BB\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u5BB6\u6700\u5F8C\u306E\u738B\u4F4D\u8ACB\u6C42\u8005\u30A8\u30C9\u30AC\u30FC\u30FB\u30A2\u30B7\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u3092\u652F\u63F4\u3059\u308B\u30C7\u30FC\u30F3\u4EBA\u304C\u30E8\u30FC\u30AF\u306B\u4E0A\u9678\u3057\u305F\u305F\u3081\u3001\u30A6\u30A3\u30EA\u30A2\u30E01\u4E16\u306F\u3053\u308C\u3068\u6226\u3044\u6483\u9000\u3057\u305F\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u6B8B\u5B58\u3059\u308B\u30A2\u30F3\u30B0\u30ED\u30FB\u30B5\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u4EBA\u306E\u53CD\u4E71\u8AF8\u4FAF\u304C\u964D\u4F0F\u3057\u306A\u304B\u3063\u305F\u306E\u3067\u3001\u30A6\u30A3\u30EA\u30A2\u30E01\u4E16\u306F\u3053\u306E\u5730\u57DF\u3092\u5FB9\u5E95\u7684\u306B\u7834\u58CA\u3057\u305F\u3046\u3048\u3067\u30CE\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3\u4EBA\u306B\u3088\u308B\u5C01\u5EFA\u4F53\u5236\u3092\u78BA\u7ACB\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u305F\u3002 \u540C\u6642\u4EE3\u306E\u6570\u3005\u306E\u5E74\u4EE3\u8A18\u304C\u3001\u91CE\u86EE\u3067\u5927\u898F\u6A21\u306A\u7834\u58CA\u3068\u7565\u596A\u3001\u8650\u6BBA\u3001\u305D\u308C\u306B\u4F34\u3046\u5E83\u7BC4\u306A\u98E2\u9949\u3092\u8A18\u9332\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u73FE\u4EE3\u306B\u306F\u3053\u308C\u3092\u30B8\u30A7\u30CE\u30B5\u30A4\u30C9\u3068\u8A8D\u5B9A\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u5B66\u8005\u3082\u3044\u308B\u4E00\u65B9\u3067\u3001\u5F53\u6642\u306E\u30A6\u30A3\u30EA\u30A2\u30E01\u4E16\u306B\u4F1D\u3048\u3089\u308C\u308B\u307B\u3069\u306E\u4E00\u5927\u4F5C\u6226\u3092\u9042\u884C\u3067\u304D\u308B\u307B\u3069\u306E\u8ECD\u4E8B\u529B\u306F\u7121\u304B\u3063\u305F\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5E74\u4EE3\u8A18\u306E\u8A18\u8FF0\u3092\u8A87\u5F35\u307E\u305F\u306F\u8AA4\u89E3\u306B\u57FA\u3065\u304F\u3082\u306E\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308B\u8005\u3082\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . "32929"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Harrying of the North was a series of campaigns waged by William the Conqueror in the winter of 1069\u20131070 to subjugate northern England, where the presence of the last Wessex claimant, Edgar \u00C6theling, had encouraged Anglo-Danish rebellions. William paid the Danes to go home, but the remaining rebels refused to meet him in battle, and he decided to starve them out by laying waste to the northern shires using scorched earth tactics, especially in the city of York, before relieving the English aristocracy of their positions, and installing Norman aristocrats throughout the region. Contemporary chronicles vividly record the savagery of the campaign, the huge scale of the destruction and the widespread famine caused by looting, burning and slaughtering. Some present-day scholars have labelled the campaigns a genocide, although others doubt whether William could have assembled enough troops to inflict so much damage and have suggested that the records may have been exaggerated or misinterpreted. Records from the Domesday Book of 1086 suggest that as much as 75% of the population could have died or never returned."@en . . . . . . . . . "D\u00E9vastation du Nord de l'Angleterre"@fr . . "Harrying of the North"@de . "Devastazione dell'Inghilterra settentrionale"@it . "The Harrying of the North was a series of campaigns waged by William the Conqueror in the winter of 1069\u20131070 to subjugate northern England, where the presence of the last Wessex claimant, Edgar \u00C6theling, had encouraged Anglo-Danish rebellions. William paid the Danes to go home, but the remaining rebels refused to meet him in battle, and he decided to starve them out by laying waste to the northern shires using scorched earth tactics, especially in the city of York, before relieving the English aristocracy of their positions, and installing Norman aristocrats throughout the region."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Met de eufemistische term Harrying of the North (Nederlands: Teistering van het noorden) wordt een reeks van campagnes aangeduid die Willem de Veroveraar in de winter van 1069-1070 in Noord-Engeland voerde. Deze campagnes waren onderdeel van de Normandische verovering van Engeland en maakten door middel van grootschalige verwoesting een einde aan de quasi-onafhankelijkheid van Noord-Engeland. Het effect was de relatieve \"pacificatie\" van de lokale bevolking en de vervanging van de lokale Anglo-Deense elite door Normandische heren."@nl . . . . . . . . "Harrying of the North"@en . . . . . "Unter dem (feststehenden) Begriff Harrying of the North (auch Harrowing of the North, etwa Pl\u00FCnderung des Nordens) versteht man in der englischen Geschichte den Feldzug Wilhelms des Eroberers zur Unterwerfung der n\u00F6rdlichen Gebiete seines neuen K\u00F6nigreichs im Winter 1069/1070 als Teil der normannischen Eroberung Englands. Betroffen waren vor allem Northumbria und die Midlands. Der Norden Englands war zu dieser Zeit von freien Bauern und Skandinaviern bewohnt, und mit den Feldz\u00FCgen wurde ihre weitgehende Unabh\u00E4ngigkeit unterdr\u00FCckt. Es wird angenommen, dass etwa 150.000 Menschen zu Tode kamen. Die Politik der Verbrannten Erde hinterlie\u00DF \u2013 was im Domesday Book, das zwanzig Jahre sp\u00E4ter entstand, nachzulesen ist \u2013 ein entv\u00F6lkertes und verw\u00FCstetes Land."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La Masacre del Norte fueron unas campa\u00F1as lanzadas por Guillermo el Conquistador\u200B en el invierno de 1069-1070 para someter el norte de Inglaterra y forman parte de la conquista normanda de Inglaterra. Estas campa\u00F1as eliminaron efectivamente la cuasi-independencia de la regi\u00F3n a trav\u00E9s de la destrucci\u00F3n a gran escala del territorio, \"pacific\u00F3\" a la poblaci\u00F3n local y permiti\u00F3 el reemplazo de la jerarqu\u00EDa anglo-danesa por nobleza de origen normando. Se cree que la cifra de muertos pudo superar los 100 000, y que las p\u00E9rdidas sociales, culturales y econ\u00F3micas fueron sustanciales.\u200B\u200B La pol\u00EDtica de tierra quemada empleada ech\u00F3 a perder muchos suelos y llev\u00F3 a la despoblaci\u00F3n, un hecho que aparece reflejado en el Libro Domesday, escrito casi veinte a\u00F1os despu\u00E9s.\u200B"@es . . "\u5317\u90E8\u306E\u8E42\u8E99 (\u307B\u304F\u3076\u306E\u3058\u3085\u3046\u308A\u3093\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: Harrying of the North) \u306F\u30011069\u5E74\u304B\u30891070\u5E74\u306E\u9593\u306E\u51AC\u306B\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u738B\u30A6\u30A3\u30EA\u30A2\u30E01\u4E16\u304C\u884C\u3063\u305F\uFF08\u30CE\u30FC\u30B9\uFF09\u9060\u5F81\u3002\u30A6\u30A7\u30BB\u30C3\u30AF\u30B9\u5BB6\u6700\u5F8C\u306E\u738B\u4F4D\u8ACB\u6C42\u8005\u30A8\u30C9\u30AC\u30FC\u30FB\u30A2\u30B7\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u3092\u652F\u63F4\u3059\u308B\u30C7\u30FC\u30F3\u4EBA\u304C\u30E8\u30FC\u30AF\u306B\u4E0A\u9678\u3057\u305F\u305F\u3081\u3001\u30A6\u30A3\u30EA\u30A2\u30E01\u4E16\u306F\u3053\u308C\u3068\u6226\u3044\u6483\u9000\u3057\u305F\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u6B8B\u5B58\u3059\u308B\u30A2\u30F3\u30B0\u30ED\u30FB\u30B5\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u4EBA\u306E\u53CD\u4E71\u8AF8\u4FAF\u304C\u964D\u4F0F\u3057\u306A\u304B\u3063\u305F\u306E\u3067\u3001\u30A6\u30A3\u30EA\u30A2\u30E01\u4E16\u306F\u3053\u306E\u5730\u57DF\u3092\u5FB9\u5E95\u7684\u306B\u7834\u58CA\u3057\u305F\u3046\u3048\u3067\u30CE\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3\u4EBA\u306B\u3088\u308B\u5C01\u5EFA\u4F53\u5236\u3092\u78BA\u7ACB\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u305F\u3002 \u540C\u6642\u4EE3\u306E\u6570\u3005\u306E\u5E74\u4EE3\u8A18\u304C\u3001\u91CE\u86EE\u3067\u5927\u898F\u6A21\u306A\u7834\u58CA\u3068\u7565\u596A\u3001\u8650\u6BBA\u3001\u305D\u308C\u306B\u4F34\u3046\u5E83\u7BC4\u306A\u98E2\u9949\u3092\u8A18\u9332\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u73FE\u4EE3\u306B\u306F\u3053\u308C\u3092\u30B8\u30A7\u30CE\u30B5\u30A4\u30C9\u3068\u8A8D\u5B9A\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u5B66\u8005\u3082\u3044\u308B\u4E00\u65B9\u3067\u3001\u5F53\u6642\u306E\u30A6\u30A3\u30EA\u30A2\u30E01\u4E16\u306B\u4F1D\u3048\u3089\u308C\u308B\u307B\u3069\u306E\u4E00\u5927\u4F5C\u6226\u3092\u9042\u884C\u3067\u304D\u308B\u307B\u3069\u306E\u8ECD\u4E8B\u529B\u306F\u7121\u304B\u3063\u305F\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5E74\u4EE3\u8A18\u306E\u8A18\u8FF0\u3092\u8A87\u5F35\u307E\u305F\u306F\u8AA4\u89E3\u306B\u57FA\u3065\u304F\u3082\u306E\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308B\u8005\u3082\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . "\u5317\u90E8\u306E\u8E42\u8E99"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . "1124100874"^^ . . . "O Massacre do Norte, ou Esbulhar do Norte, foi uma s\u00E9rie de campanhas levadas a cabo por Guilherme, o Conquistador, no inverno de 1069 at\u00E9 1070 para subjugar o norte da Inglaterra. Em outono de 1069, Sueno II da Dinamarca tinha invadido a Inglaterra, em apoio \u00E0s for\u00E7as de Edgar, o Atelingo. Edgar foi o \u00FAltimo membro remanescente da Casa de Wessex com uma pretens\u00E3o ao trono da Inglaterra. Os dinamarqueses, com seus aliados ingleses, foram capazes de derrotar os normandos, segurando-os no norte. A resposta de Guilherme foi devastar sistematicamente a oeste rural e norte de Iorque, com a inten\u00E7\u00E3o de isolar e destruir seus inimigos na cidade. Em vez disso, Guilherme fez a paz com os invasores dinamarqueses e pagou-os para voltarem para casa. Com os dinamarqueses partindo, Guilherme continuou s"@pt . . . . . "La devastazione dell'Inghilterra settentrionale (detta anche massacro del nord o devastazione normanna, in inglese Harrying of the North) furono una serie di campagne intraprese da Guglielmo il Conquistatore nell'inverno del 1069-1070 per soggiogare l'Inghilterra settentrionale al dominio normanno. La presenza dell'ultimo pretendente della casa di Wessex, Edgardo Atheling, aveva incoraggiato diverse ribellioni anglo-danesi. Guglielmo pag\u00F2 i danesi per ritirarsi dai suoi territori. I ribelli rimanenti si rifiutarono di scontrarsi con Guglielmo in battaglia ma di continuare a resistere. Guglielmo pens\u00F2 quindi di ridurli alla fame, in particolare nella citt\u00E0 di York, distruggendo villaggi ed aree coltivate per colpire le locali fonti di cibo prima di installare l'aristocrazia normanna nella r"@it . . . . . . . . . . "Unter dem (feststehenden) Begriff Harrying of the North (auch Harrowing of the North, etwa Pl\u00FCnderung des Nordens) versteht man in der englischen Geschichte den Feldzug Wilhelms des Eroberers zur Unterwerfung der n\u00F6rdlichen Gebiete seines neuen K\u00F6nigreichs im Winter 1069/1070 als Teil der normannischen Eroberung Englands. Betroffen waren vor allem Northumbria und die Midlands. Der Norden Englands war zu dieser Zeit von freien Bauern und Skandinaviern bewohnt, und mit den Feldz\u00FCgen wurde ihre weitgehende Unabh\u00E4ngigkeit unterdr\u00FCckt. Es wird angenommen, dass etwa 150.000 Menschen zu Tode kamen. Die Politik der Verbrannten Erde hinterlie\u00DF \u2013 was im Domesday Book, das zwanzig Jahre sp\u00E4ter entstand, nachzulesen ist \u2013 ein entv\u00F6lkertes und verw\u00FCstetes Land."@de . . . . "O Massacre do Norte, ou Esbulhar do Norte, foi uma s\u00E9rie de campanhas levadas a cabo por Guilherme, o Conquistador, no inverno de 1069 at\u00E9 1070 para subjugar o norte da Inglaterra. Em outono de 1069, Sueno II da Dinamarca tinha invadido a Inglaterra, em apoio \u00E0s for\u00E7as de Edgar, o Atelingo. Edgar foi o \u00FAltimo membro remanescente da Casa de Wessex com uma pretens\u00E3o ao trono da Inglaterra. Os dinamarqueses, com seus aliados ingleses, foram capazes de derrotar os normandos, segurando-os no norte. A resposta de Guilherme foi devastar sistematicamente a oeste rural e norte de Iorque, com a inten\u00E7\u00E3o de isolar e destruir seus inimigos na cidade. Em vez disso, Guilherme fez a paz com os invasores dinamarqueses e pagou-os para voltarem para casa. Com os dinamarqueses partindo, Guilherme continuou seus saques durante o inverno para o norte at\u00E9 o . Parece que o principal objetivo do massacre era devastar os condados do norte e eliminar a possibilidade de novas revoltas. Para este fim, o ex\u00E9rcito de Guilherme realizou uma campanha de destrui\u00E7\u00E3o geral das casas, estoques e culturas, bem como os meios de produ\u00E7\u00E3o de alimentos. Homens, mulheres e crian\u00E7as foram mortos e milhares teriam morrido devido \u00E0 fome que se seguiu. De acordo com o Domesday Book grandes \u00E1reas do Condado de Iorque e outros munic\u00EDpios do norte ainda estavam situados no lixo em 1086. Embora seja evidente que o ex\u00E9rcito de Guilherme foi respons\u00E1vel por uma grande parcela da morte e destrui\u00E7\u00E3o no norte, alguns historiadores t\u00EAm sugerido que o dano infligido pelas for\u00E7as do duque podem n\u00E3o ter sido t\u00E3o extensas quanto se pensava."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . "Harrying of the North"@nl . . . . . . . "Massacre do Norte"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La devastazione dell'Inghilterra settentrionale (detta anche massacro del nord o devastazione normanna, in inglese Harrying of the North) furono una serie di campagne intraprese da Guglielmo il Conquistatore nell'inverno del 1069-1070 per soggiogare l'Inghilterra settentrionale al dominio normanno. La presenza dell'ultimo pretendente della casa di Wessex, Edgardo Atheling, aveva incoraggiato diverse ribellioni anglo-danesi. Guglielmo pag\u00F2 i danesi per ritirarsi dai suoi territori. I ribelli rimanenti si rifiutarono di scontrarsi con Guglielmo in battaglia ma di continuare a resistere. Guglielmo pens\u00F2 quindi di ridurli alla fame, in particolare nella citt\u00E0 di York, distruggendo villaggi ed aree coltivate per colpire le locali fonti di cibo prima di installare l'aristocrazia normanna nella regione. Resoconti dell'epoca danno una vivida testimonianza della conduzione selvaggia delle campagne, delle distruzioni su vasta scala e della fame creata da saccheggi, incendi e uccisioni. Alcuni studiosi ad ogni modo dubitano del fatto che Guglielmo avesse potuto all'epoca riunire un esercito in grado di produrre tali danni su una regione cos\u00EC vasta come l'Inghilterra settentrionale e pertanto tali resoconti sarebbero da ritenere almeno parzialmente esagerati."@it . . . . . . . . . . . "Met de eufemistische term Harrying of the North (Nederlands: Teistering van het noorden) wordt een reeks van campagnes aangeduid die Willem de Veroveraar in de winter van 1069-1070 in Noord-Engeland voerde. Deze campagnes waren onderdeel van de Normandische verovering van Engeland en maakten door middel van grootschalige verwoesting een einde aan de quasi-onafhankelijkheid van Noord-Engeland. Het effect was de relatieve \"pacificatie\" van de lokale bevolking en de vervanging van de lokale Anglo-Deense elite door Normandische heren. Het dodental wordt door sommigen op meer dan 100.000 geschat met een aanzienlijke sociale, culturele en economische schade aan de samenleving. Als gevolg van deze verschroeide aarde-politiek raakten grote stukken land ontvolkt en werd een deel van de landbouwgrond enige tijd niet meer bebouwd, volgens het Domesday Book van bijna twee decennia later."@nl . "Masacre del Norte"@es . "La d\u00E9vastation du Nord de l'Angleterre (Harrying of the North en anglais) est l'\u00E9tape finale d'une s\u00E9rie de campagnes men\u00E9es pendant l'hiver 1069-1070 par Guillaume le Conqu\u00E9rant, premier roi normand d'Angleterre, afin de soumettre d\u00E9finitivement le Nord du royaume (en premier lieu la Northumbrie et les Midlands), et d'achever la conqu\u00EAte normande de l'Angleterre. L\u2019expression Harrying of the North est g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement utilis\u00E9e pour d\u00E9signer cette s\u00E9rie de campagnes. Le Nord de l'Angleterre (la Northumbrie), \u00E0 cette p\u00E9riode, \u00E9tait un territoire occup\u00E9 par une population mixte d'Anglo-Saxons et d'\u00E9migr\u00E9s vikings qui vivaient en ind\u00E9pendance du pouvoir royal. Il posait strat\u00E9giquement plusieurs probl\u00E8mes : il \u00E9tait \u00E0 la fois une marche du royaume d'Angleterre, r\u00E9guli\u00E8rement envahie par les \u00C9cossais, un lieu de d\u00E9barquement usit\u00E9 des envahisseurs scandinaves, et enfin une poche de r\u00E9sistance au pouvoir royal. Apr\u00E8s plusieurs campagnes inefficaces, le Conqu\u00E9rant y mena une politique de la terre br\u00FBl\u00E9e et de meurtre syst\u00E9matique qui eut des cons\u00E9quences \u00E9conomiques et sociales immenses, les territoires touch\u00E9s restant d\u00E9peupl\u00E9s et d\u00E9vast\u00E9s durant des d\u00E9cennies."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1935846"^^ . .