. "La lingua hatrena, chiamata anche aramaico di Hatra, \u00E8 una variet\u00E0 di aramaico attestata da centinaia di iscrizioni ritrovate nella citt\u00E0 di Hatra. Anche se la citt\u00E0 antica e le sue iscrizioni erano note gi\u00E0 da tempo, il sito archeologico cominci\u00F2 ad essere indagato sistematicamente nel 1951, e da quell'anno cominci\u00F2 anche la pubblicazione dei testi sulla rivista Sumer, man mano che venivano scoperti, prevalentemente ad opera del direttore degli scavi, Fuad Safar, e dell'orientalista francese Andr\u00E9 Caquot. In seguito sono state pubblicate raccolte pi\u00F9 o meno complete di tutte le iscrizioni, come quella di Vattioni (1981). L'arco temporale delle iscrizioni hatrene \u00E8 di almeno un paio di secoli. Il pi\u00F9 antico sovrano in esse nominate \u00E8 Wrwd, che regn\u00F2 probabilmente al principio del II secolo. Dal punto di vista linguistico, lo hatreno \u00E8 un dialetto aramaico occidentale, non molto dissimile da altre variet\u00E0 pi\u00F9 o meno contemporanee come la lingua nabatea o la lingua palmirena. Tuttavia, l'onomastica contenuta nelle iscrizioni \u00E8 decisamente di tipo arabo, il che fa pensare che la popolazione, etnicamente araba, fosse tale (almeno in parte) anche linguisticamente."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ashurian"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "none"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Afro-Asiatic"@en . . . . . . . . . . "30885"^^ . "Final Accepted Script Proposal"@en . . . . . "30857496"^^ . . . . . . "100"^^ . . . "El arameo hatreo toma como referencia las inscripciones halladas en la antigua ciudad de Hatra, publicadas por W. Andrae en 1912 y estudiadas por S. Ronzevalle y P. Jensen. Las excavaciones realizadas por el Departamento de Antig\u00FCedades iraqu\u00ED sacaron a la luz m\u00E1s de 100 textos nuevos, cuya publicaci\u00F3n fue realizada por F. Safar en la revista Sumer. Las primeras cuatro series fueron objeto de revisiones en la revista Siria. Los textos var\u00EDan en fecha desde el siglo II o III a. C. hasta la destrucci\u00F3n de la ciudad hacia el 240 d. C.; El texto fechado m\u00E1s temprano nos da una fecha del 98 a. C. En su mayor parte, estas inscripciones son breves grafitos conmemorativos con texto m\u00EDnimo. La m\u00E1s larga de las inscripciones grabadas no tiene m\u00E1s de 13 l\u00EDneas. Por lo tanto, es dif\u00EDcil identificar m\u00E1s que unas pocas caracter\u00EDsticas del dialecto hatreo, pero aun as\u00ED podemos apreciar su afinidad con la lengua sir\u00EDaca. Las inscripciones en piedra dan testimonio de un esfuerzo por establecer una escritura monumental. Esta no es muy diferente de la de las inscripciones en lengua aramea de Assur (ya que posee el mismo \u0161 triangular, y el uso de los mismos rasgos para evitar la confusi\u00F3n entre m, s y q). Los signos d y los signos r no se distinguen entre s\u00ED, y a menudo es dif\u00EDcil no confundir los signos w con los y."@es . . . . . . . . "El arameo hatreo toma como referencia las inscripciones halladas en la antigua ciudad de Hatra, publicadas por W. Andrae en 1912 y estudiadas por S. Ronzevalle y P. Jensen. Las excavaciones realizadas por el Departamento de Antig\u00FCedades iraqu\u00ED sacaron a la luz m\u00E1s de 100 textos nuevos, cuya publicaci\u00F3n fue realizada por F. Safar en la revista Sumer. Las primeras cuatro series fueron objeto de revisiones en la revista Siria. Los textos var\u00EDan en fecha desde el siglo II o III a. C. hasta la destrucci\u00F3n de la ciudad hacia el 240 d. C.; El texto fechado m\u00E1s temprano nos da una fecha del 98 a. C."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . "none"@en . . . . . . . "Hatr"@en . . . . . . . . . "La lingua hatrena, chiamata anche aramaico di Hatra, \u00E8 una variet\u00E0 di aramaico attestata da centinaia di iscrizioni ritrovate nella citt\u00E0 di Hatra. Anche se la citt\u00E0 antica e le sue iscrizioni erano note gi\u00E0 da tempo, il sito archeologico cominci\u00F2 ad essere indagato sistematicamente nel 1951, e da quell'anno cominci\u00F2 anche la pubblicazione dei testi sulla rivista Sumer, man mano che venivano scoperti, prevalentemente ad opera del direttore degli scavi, Fuad Safar, e dell'orientalista francese Andr\u00E9 Caquot. In seguito sono state pubblicate raccolte pi\u00F9 o meno complete di tutte le iscrizioni, come quella di Vattioni (1981)."@it . . "Hatran Aramaic script"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Hatran script"@en . . "Aramaic of Hatra, Hatran Aramaic or Ashurian (\u0720\u072B\u0722\u0710 \u0710\u0723\u0718\u072A\u071D\u0710 Le\u0161\u0161\u0101n\u0101 Ass\u016Br\u0101y\u0101) designates a Middle Aramaic dialect, that was used in the region of Hatra and Assur in northeastern parts of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), approximately from the 3rd century BC to the 3rd century CE. Its range extended from the Nineveh Plains in the centre, up to Tur Abdin in the north, Dura-Europos in the west and Tikrit in the south. Most of the evidence of the language comes from inscriptions within the cities dating between 100 BC and the mid-3rd century AD, coinciding with Shapur I's destruction of Hatra in 241 AD and Assur in 257 AD. As a result of Hatra being the site with the most attestation, Hatran Aramaic is a more common name. It is attested by inscriptions from various local sites, that were published by W. Andrae in 1912 and were studied by S. Ronzevalle and P. Jensen. The excavations undertaken by the Iraqi Department of Antiquities brought to light more than 100 new texts, the publication of which was undertaken by F. Safar in the journal Sumer. The first four series were the subject of reviews in the journal Syria. The texts range in date from the 2nd or 3rd century BCE to the destruction of the city c. 240 CE; the earliest dated text provides a date of 98 BCE. For the most part, these inscriptions are short commemorative graffiti with minimal text. The longest of the engraved inscriptions does not have more than 13 lines. It is therefore difficult to identify more than a few features of the Aramaic dialect of Hatra, which shows overall the greatest affinity to Syriac. The stone inscriptions bear witness to an effort to establish a monumental script. This script is little different from that of the Aramaic inscriptions of Assur (possessing the same triangular \u0161, and the use of the same means to avoid confusion between m, s, and q). The ds and the rs are not distinguished from one another, and it is sometimes difficult not to confuse w and y. Having conquered the Aramean city-states to the west, the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911-605 BC) adopted Old Aramaic as the official language alongside the Assyrian Akkadian language. With the Achaemenid Empire succeeding them and adopting Old Aramaic, it rose to become the lingua franca of Iran, Mesopotamia and the Levant."@en . . . . . . . . . . "assy1241"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "qly"@en . "Hatrean"@en . . "257"^^ . . . "Hatran Aramaic"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Dramatically declined as a vernacular language after the 14th century"@en . . "Lingua hatrena"@it . . "Arameo hatreo"@es . . . . "Aramaic of Hatra, Hatran Aramaic or Ashurian (\u0720\u072B\u0722\u0710 \u0710\u0723\u0718\u072A\u071D\u0710 Le\u0161\u0161\u0101n\u0101 Ass\u016Br\u0101y\u0101) designates a Middle Aramaic dialect, that was used in the region of Hatra and Assur in northeastern parts of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), approximately from the 3rd century BC to the 3rd century CE. Its range extended from the Nineveh Plains in the centre, up to Tur Abdin in the north, Dura-Europos in the west and Tikrit in the south."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Hatran"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Hatran inscription at the Shrine of Hatra.jpg"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic"@en . . . . . . . . "200"^^ . . . . . "hatr1234"@en . . . . . . . . . "Le\u0161\u0161\u0101n\u0101 As\u016Br\u0101y\u0101 in its own alphabet"@en . . . . . "1121799159"^^ . .