. . . . . . . . . . . "The history of Dutch orthography covers the changes in spelling of Dutch both in the Netherlands itself and in the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in Belgium. Up until the 18th century there was no standardization of grammar or spelling. The Latin alphabet had been used from the beginning and it was not easy to make a distinction between long and short vowels (a / aa). The word jaar (year) for instance, could be spelt jar, jaer, jair, or even yaer and iaer. With the spirit of the French Revolution, attempts were made to unify Dutch spelling and grammar. Matthijs Siegenbeek, professor at Leiden was officially asked in 1801 to draw up a uniform spelling."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062F\u064A"@ar . . . . . "The history of Dutch orthography covers the changes in spelling of Dutch both in the Netherlands itself and in the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in Belgium. Up until the 18th century there was no standardization of grammar or spelling. The Latin alphabet had been used from the beginning and it was not easy to make a distinction between long and short vowels (a / aa). The word jaar (year) for instance, could be spelt jar, jaer, jair, or even yaer and iaer. With the spirit of the French Revolution, attempts were made to unify Dutch spelling and grammar. Matthijs Siegenbeek, professor at Leiden was officially asked in 1801 to draw up a uniform spelling. This did not prove popular however and another attempt was made in 1844. Still not entirely satisfactory, an ambitious project was proposed in 1851 to produce a large dictionary incorporating vocabulary of the past centuries. This led to a large degree of uniformity of spelling in the Netherlands and Belgium. Various other attempts at simplification followed, culminating in the Spelling Act of 15 September 2005. This gives the Committee of Ministers of the Dutch Language Union the authority to determine the spelling of Dutch by ministerial decision. The law requires that this spelling be followed \"at the governmental bodies, at educational institutions funded from the public purse, as well as at the exams for which legal requirements have been established\". In other cases, it is recommended, but not mandatory to follow the official spelling."@en . "Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse spelling"@nl . . "1116316433"^^ . "Geschichte der niederl\u00E4ndischen Rechtschreibung"@de . "Dieser Artikel handelt von der Geschichte der niederl\u00E4ndischen Rechtschreibung. Die niederl\u00E4ndische Rechtschreibung wird in den Niederlanden, Flandern und Suriname offiziell verwendet. Der Gebrauch der offiziellen Rechtschreibung ist f\u00FCr den Staat und die Bildungseinrichtungen verpflichtend. Es handelt sich in ge\u00E4nderter Form um die sogenannte . Zuvor war die Rechtschreibung mehrmals geregelt worden."@de . . . "History of Dutch orthography"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "De geschiedenis van de Nederlandse spelling is een bewogen geschiedenis, die wordt gekenmerkt door vroege en veel pogingen om de spelling van het Nederlands te standaardiseren. In zowel Nederland, Vlaanderen als Suriname is een offici\u00EBle spelling, een vorm van de , voorgeschreven voor de overheid en het onderwijs."@nl . . "\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062F\u064A \u064A\u063A\u0637\u064A \u062A\u063A\u064A\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0647\u062C\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062F\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u062B\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062F\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0643\u0627."@ar . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062F\u064A \u064A\u063A\u0637\u064A \u062A\u063A\u064A\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0647\u062C\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062F\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u062B\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062F\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0643\u0627."@ar . "9890276"^^ . . . "33270"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Dieser Artikel handelt von der Geschichte der niederl\u00E4ndischen Rechtschreibung. Die niederl\u00E4ndische Rechtschreibung wird in den Niederlanden, Flandern und Suriname offiziell verwendet. Der Gebrauch der offiziellen Rechtschreibung ist f\u00FCr den Staat und die Bildungseinrichtungen verpflichtend. Es handelt sich in ge\u00E4nderter Form um die sogenannte . Zuvor war die Rechtschreibung mehrmals geregelt worden."@de . "De geschiedenis van de Nederlandse spelling is een bewogen geschiedenis, die wordt gekenmerkt door vroege en veel pogingen om de spelling van het Nederlands te standaardiseren. In zowel Nederland, Vlaanderen als Suriname is een offici\u00EBle spelling, een vorm van de , voorgeschreven voor de overheid en het onderwijs."@nl . . .