"Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves"@en . . . . . . "41887"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Portugal"@en . "O Reino de Portugal, com a ascens\u00E3o da Casa de Bragan\u00E7a, a quarta e \u00FAltima dinastia, ap\u00F3s aRestaura\u00E7\u00E3o da Independ\u00EAncia, em 1640 e at\u00E9 ao final do governo do Marqu\u00EAs de Pombal, em 1777, viveu um per\u00EDodo de transi\u00E7\u00E3o.Durante a Uni\u00E3o Ib\u00E9rica, o Imp\u00E9rio portugu\u00EAs manteve a ampla influ\u00EAncia que havia caracterizado o per\u00EDodo das Descobertas. De 1640 para 1777, a riqueza de Portugal e o imp\u00E9rio diminuiram. O Caso dos T\u00E1vora, o catastr\u00F3fico terramoto de 1755 em Lisboa, e a ascens\u00E3o de D\u00AA. Maria I, a primeira Rainha Reinante de Portugal, culminaram o referido per\u00EDodo hist\u00F3rico."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1640"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1668"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Storia del Portogallo dalla Restaurazione all'Et\u00E0 Pombalina"@it . . . . "From the restoration of the House of Braganza in 1640 until the end of the reign of the Marquis of Pombal in 1777, the Kingdom of Portugal was in a period of transition.Having been near its height at the start of the Iberian Union, the Portuguese Empire continued to enjoy the widespread influence in the world during this period that had characterized the period of the Discoveries. By the end of this period, however, the fortunes of Portugal and its empire had declined, culminating with the T\u00E1vora affair, the catastrophic 1755 Lisbon earthquake, and the accession of Maria I, the first ruling Queen of Portugal. The opulent use of Brazilian gold, the absolutist regime, the movement toward the independence of Brazil, the Methuen Treaty and the Lisbon earthquake contributed to the collapse of Portugal's position in Europe and the world. These events, those at the end of Aviz dynasty, and the period of Iberian Union forced Portugal to depend more on its colonies, first India and then Brazil. This shift from India to Brazil was a natural consequence of the rise of the Dutch as well as the British Empire. A similar shift occurred after Brazil gained its independence, which led Portugal to focus more on its possessions in Africa. The early 18th century, known as the Pombaline Era after Sebasti\u00E3o Jos\u00E9 de Carvalho e Melo, Marquis of Pombal, was a period of dictatorship and wide-ranging reforms. The Marquis of Pombal was appointed by Joseph I, who had little inclination to rule. He initiated many reforms intended to modernize the country and attacked the power of the privileged nobility and clergy, notably in the case of the T\u00E1vora affair and the expulsion of the Jesuits. He was also the leader of the reconstruction of Lisbon after the earthquake in 1755. However, historians also argue that Pombal's \"enlightenment,\" while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of individual liberty and especially an apparatus for crushing opposition, suppressing criticism, and furthering colonial economic exploitation as well as intensifying book censorship and consolidating personal control and profit. Soon after the death of Joseph in 1777, his daughter Maria I dismissed Pombal, and prohibited him from coming within 20 miles of her."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Royal Coat of Arms of Spain .svg"@en . . "La storia del Portogallo che va dalla Restaurazione all'Et\u00E0 Pombalina coincide con la riacquisizione dell'indipendenza portoghese nei confronti della Spagna, sancita nel 1668, all'ascesa politica del Marchese di Pombal, avvenuta nel 1750. Sotto la dinastia Braganza, il Portogallo fu segnato da un periodo di decadimento politico ed economico, culminati con il processo alla famiglia Tavora e il catastrofico Terremoto di Lisbona. Diversi fattori, tra cui le conseguenze dell'occupazione castigliana, la dipendenza del Portogallo verso le colonie, la corruzione del regime, il Trattato di Methuen e il Terremoto di Lisbona del 1755, concorsero ad indebolire la posizione del Portogallo in Europa nel corso del Seicento."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "From the restoration of the House of Braganza in 1640 until the end of the reign of the Marquis of Pombal in 1777, the Kingdom of Portugal was in a period of transition.Having been near its height at the start of the Iberian Union, the Portuguese Empire continued to enjoy the widespread influence in the world during this period that had characterized the period of the Discoveries. By the end of this period, however, the fortunes of Portugal and its empire had declined, culminating with the T\u00E1vora affair, the catastrophic 1755 Lisbon earthquake, and the accession of Maria I, the first ruling Queen of Portugal."@en . . . . . . . . . "Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ""@en . . . . . . . . "Iberian Union"@en . . . . . "La storia del Portogallo che va dalla Restaurazione all'Et\u00E0 Pombalina coincide con la riacquisizione dell'indipendenza portoghese nei confronti della Spagna, sancita nel 1668, all'ascesa politica del Marchese di Pombal, avvenuta nel 1750. Sotto la dinastia Braganza, il Portogallo fu segnato da un periodo di decadimento politico ed economico, culminati con il processo alla famiglia Tavora e il catastrofico Terremoto di Lisbona."@it . . . . . . "Hist\u00F3ria de Portugal (1640\u20131777)"@pt . . . . . . . . "1640"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1777"^^ . . . . "\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063A\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0627 \u0641\u064A 1640 \u0648\u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0632 \u062F\u064A \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064A 1777\u060C \u0639\u0627\u0634\u062A \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062A\u063A\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062A\u063A\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062C\u062F\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u062F\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064A\u0628\u064A\u0631\u064A\u060C \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0645\u0631\u062A \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062A\u063A\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0645\u062A\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062A\u0634\u0631 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0645\u064A\u0632\u062A \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062D\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062A. \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629\u060C \u0628\u062F\u0623\u062A \u062B\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062A\u063A\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062D\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060C \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063A\u062A \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u060C \u0648\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0629 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064A 1755\u060C \u0648\u062A\u062A\u0648\u064A\u062C \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060C \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062A\u063A\u0627\u0644. \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u062C\u0648\u0632\u064A\u0647 \u0641\u064A 1777\u060C \u062E\u0644\u0639\u062A \u0627\u0628\u0646\u062A\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u060C \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639\u062A\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 20 \u0645\u064A\u0644."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . "Flag"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "1116980340"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "History of Portugal (1640\u20131777)"@en . . . . . . . "Durante el reinado de Pedro II, la econom\u00EDa del pa\u00EDs se reorganiza con fines mercantilistas y se firma un nuevo tratado comercial con Inglaterra en 1668. Seg\u00FAn ese tratado, los productos ingleses tendr\u00E1n preferencia en las aduanas en Portugal, lo mismo que el vino portugu\u00E9s en Inglaterra. En el Tratado de Methuen de 1703, se le permiti\u00F3 a Inglaterra introducir textiles y manufacturas sin pagar impuestos de aduanas y Portugal corresponder\u00EDa con el oro y los diamantes de Brasil. Ese tratado, que estuvo en vigor hasta 1842, dio lugar a que Portugal dependiese econ\u00F3micamente de Inglaterra, y que el pa\u00EDs se inundara de mercanc\u00EDas brit\u00E1nicas, sin que el pa\u00EDs iniciara su industrializaci\u00F3n. En 1669, las Cortes se reunieron por \u00FAltima vez. Los siguientes reyes, de corte absolutista, no las volvieron a convocar hasta despu\u00E9s de la . Portugal se uni\u00F3 a la causa inglesa y austriaca sobre la sucesi\u00F3n al trono espa\u00F1ol en 1703. En 1706 Juan V asciende al trono, en el que se mantendr\u00EDa hasta , siendo el primer monarca absolutista. Las Cortes no se convocaban desde 1669. Se dice que Juan V segu\u00EDa el modelo de Estado que hab\u00EDa impuesto Luis XIV en Francia. Como en ese pa\u00EDs, la nobleza ya no se encargaba de la jurisdicci\u00F3n de su territorio, sino que pasaba a vivir en la corte bajo las \u00F3rdenes del Rey. De esta forma, cre\u00F3 una gran corte que instalar\u00EDa en el Palacio de Mafra. La biblioteca de la Universidad de Co\u00EDmbra, el Acueducto de las Aguas Libres de Lisboa y otras obras arquitect\u00F3nicas fueron sufragadas con el oro brasile\u00F1o. Durante su reinado, lleg\u00F3 a su fin la Guerra de Sucesi\u00F3n espa\u00F1ola. El rey luso envi\u00F3 un ej\u00E9rcito para hacerse con Madrid, pero las tropas espa\u00F1olas y francesas les vencieron en la Batalla de Almansa de 1707. Ese mismo a\u00F1o, el franc\u00E9s Ren\u00E9 Duguay-Trouin atac\u00F3 R\u00EDo de Janeiro. En 1713 Francia y Portugal firmaron la paz, y dos a\u00F1os m\u00E1s tarde la firmar\u00EDan Espa\u00F1a y Portugal. Juan V particip\u00F3 del lado del Papa en la guerra contra los turcos de 1717, aunque luego tomar\u00EDa medidas en contra del control de la Santa Sede sobre la iglesia lusa, intentando ejercer una mayor influencia sobre ella. S\u00F3lo cuando el Papa dispuso que todos los obispos portuguees se convirtieran en Cardenales y el Rey de Portugal obtuviera el t\u00EDtulo de Rey Fidel\u00EDsimo, se logr\u00F3 un consenso entre Portugal y la Santa Sede. Bajo el reinado de este rey tuvo lugar la Segunda Edad de Oro de Portugal, lo que se puede constatar en las grandes obras arquitect\u00F3nicas que a\u00FAn se pueden observar."@es . "Flag of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves.svg"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Flag Portugal .svg"@en . . . . . . "Historia de Portugal (1668-1777)"@es . . . . . . "History of Portugal"@en . . . 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"O Reino de Portugal, com a ascens\u00E3o da Casa de Bragan\u00E7a, a quarta e \u00FAltima dinastia, ap\u00F3s aRestaura\u00E7\u00E3o da Independ\u00EAncia, em 1640 e at\u00E9 ao final do governo do Marqu\u00EAs de Pombal, em 1777, viveu um per\u00EDodo de transi\u00E7\u00E3o.Durante a Uni\u00E3o Ib\u00E9rica, o Imp\u00E9rio portugu\u00EAs manteve a ampla influ\u00EAncia que havia caracterizado o per\u00EDodo das Descobertas. De 1640 para 1777, a riqueza de Portugal e o imp\u00E9rio diminuiram. O Caso dos T\u00E1vora, o catastr\u00F3fico terramoto de 1755 em Lisboa, e a ascens\u00E3o de D\u00AA. Maria I, a primeira Rainha Reinante de Portugal, culminaram o referido per\u00EDodo hist\u00F3rico. A uso sumptu\u00E1rio do ouro proveniente do Brasil, o regime absolutista, o movimento para a Independ\u00EAncia do Brasil, o Tratado de Methuen e o terremoto de Lisboa contribuiram para o colapso da posi\u00E7\u00E3o de Portugal na Europa e no mundo. O fim da Dinastia de Avis, e a Uni\u00E3o Ib\u00E9rica obrigaram Portugal a depender de suas col\u00F4nias, primeiro a \u00CDndia e, em seguida, o Brasil. A mudan\u00E7a da \u00CDndia para o Brasil foi a consequ\u00EAncia da press\u00E3o dos holandeses, e do Imp\u00E9rio Brit\u00E2nico. Uma mudan\u00E7a semelhante ocorreu depois que o Brasil ganhou sua independ\u00EAncia, o que teve como consequ\u00EAncia a de Portugal se concentrar mais em suas possess\u00F5es na \u00C1frica. O in\u00EDcio do s\u00E9culo XVIII, conhecido como a Era Pombalina depois de Sebasti\u00E3o Jos\u00E9 de Carvalho e Melo, Marqu\u00EAs de Pombal, foi um per\u00EDodo de ditadura e de amplas reformas. O Marqu\u00EAs de Pombal foi nomeado por D. Jos\u00E9 I, que tinha pouca inclina\u00E7\u00E3o para o governo. Ele iniciou muitas reformas destinadas a modernizar o pa\u00EDs e atacou o poder dos privilegiados da nobreza e do clero, nomeadamente no Caso dos T\u00E1vora e a expuls\u00E3o dos Jesu\u00EDtas. Ele tamb\u00E9m foi o l\u00EDder da reconstru\u00E7\u00E3o de Lisboa ap\u00F3s o terremoto de 1755. No entanto, os historiadores tamb\u00E9m argumentam que a forma \"iluminada\" de Pombal agir, foi, a longo alcance, essencialmente um mecanismo para melhorar a autocracia, em detrimento da liberdade individual e, especialmente, de um aparelho para esmagar a oposi\u00E7\u00E3o, suprimindo a cr\u00EDtica, e promover a explora\u00E7\u00E3o econ\u00F4mica colonial, bem como a intensifica\u00E7\u00E3o do livro de censura e a consolida\u00E7\u00E3o do controle pessoal e lucro. Logo ap\u00F3s a morte de do Rei Dom Jos\u00E9 I, em 1777, no entanto, sua filha D\u00AA. Maria I demitiu Pombal, e proibiu-lhe de estar dentro de 20 milhas de sua pessoa."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062A\u063A\u0627\u0644 (1640-1777)"@ar . . . . "3153900"^^ . . . "Coat of arms of the Portuguese Empire.png"@en . . . . . . "Portugal"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Durante el reinado de Pedro II, la econom\u00EDa del pa\u00EDs se reorganiza con fines mercantilistas y se firma un nuevo tratado comercial con Inglaterra en 1668. Seg\u00FAn ese tratado, los productos ingleses tendr\u00E1n preferencia en las aduanas en Portugal, lo mismo que el vino portugu\u00E9s en Inglaterra. En el Tratado de Methuen de 1703, se le permiti\u00F3 a Inglaterra introducir textiles y manufacturas sin pagar impuestos de aduanas y Portugal corresponder\u00EDa con el oro y los diamantes de Brasil. Ese tratado, que estuvo en vigor hasta 1842, dio lugar a que Portugal dependiese econ\u00F3micamente de Inglaterra, y que el pa\u00EDs se inundara de mercanc\u00EDas brit\u00E1nicas, sin que el pa\u00EDs iniciara su industrializaci\u00F3n."@es . . . .