"Histoire des Juifs en Afrique"@fr . . "\u017Did\u00E9 v africk\u00FDch zem\u00EDch"@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Historia dos judeus na \u00C1frica"@pt . "African Jewish communities include: \n* Sephardi Jews and Mizrahi Jews who primarily live in the Maghreb of North Africa, including Morocco, Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia, as well as Sudan and Egypt. Some were established early in the diaspora; others after the expulsion from Iberia in the late 15th century. \n* South African Jews, who are mostly Ashkenazi Jews descended from post-Holocaust immigrant Lithuanian Jews. \n* Beta Israel living primarily in the Amhara and Tigray regions of Ethiopia and sparsely in Eritrea. \n* Berber Jews, the majority of whom were assimilated and converted to Islam, especially during the historical persecutions of the Almohadic Caliphate in the Middle Ages. The modern population of Berber Jews in Africa now numbers about 8,000 people in Morocco, with the majority having emigrated to Israel since the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, along with smaller numbers scattered throughout Europe and North America. \n* Historical communities which no longer exist in Africa due to assimilation, such as the Jews of Bilad el-Sudan in West Africa, who existed before the introduction of Islam to the region during the 14th century. \n* Various relatively modern groups throughout Africa, most of whom claim some form of a Judaic or Israelite identity, and/or ancestry. Like The Lemba priests of southern Africa have a DNA connection to the Priesthood of Levites of historic Israel."@en . . "\u017Didovsk\u00E9 komunity v Africe, zvl\u00E1\u0161t\u011B pak n\u011Bkter\u00E9 z nich, pat\u0159\u00ED k nejstar\u0161\u00EDm na sv\u011Bt\u011B a datuj\u00ED se v\u00EDce ne\u017E 2700 let zp\u011Bt. \u017Didovsk\u00FD n\u00E1rod m\u00E1 s Afrikou \u00FAzk\u00E9 vztahy ji\u017E od biblick\u00FDch \u010Das\u016F. T\u00F3ra zmi\u0148uje nap\u0159\u00EDklad Abraham\u016Fv do\u010Dasn\u00FD pobyt v Egypt\u011B nebo \u017Eidovsk\u00E9 zajet\u00ED pod faraonskou nadvl\u00E1dou. Africk\u00E9 \u017Eidovstvo se vyzna\u010Duje etnickou a n\u00E1bo\u017Eenskou rozmanitost\u00ED a bohatost\u00ED. Africk\u00E9 \u017Eidovsk\u00E9 komunity zahrnuj\u00ED: \n* osamocen\u00E9 africk\u00E9 skupiny, kter\u00E9 od starov\u011Bk\u00FDch \u010Das\u016F neudr\u017Euj\u00ED kontakt se \u0161ir\u0161\u00ED \u017Eidovskou komunitou, ale kter\u00E9 se prohla\u0161uj\u00ED za potomky kr\u00E1lovstv\u00ED Izraelsk\u00E9ho. Tyto skupiny zahrnuj\u00ED: \n* skupiny, kter\u00E9 dodr\u017Euj\u00ED \u017Eidovsk\u00E9 ritu\u00E1ly nebo zvyky a tradice jasn\u011B se podobaj\u00EDc\u00ED judaismu. A\u010Dkoliv se v Africe nach\u00E1z\u00ED mnoho takov\u00FDchto skupin, sv\u011Btov\u00E9 \u017Eidovstvo uzn\u00E1v\u00E1 Fal\u00E1\u0161e neboli Beta Izrael (\u201ED\u016Fm Izraele\u201C) v Etiopii jako historick\u00E9 \u017Eidovsk\u00E9. \n* Skupiny, kter\u00E9 nedodr\u017Euj\u00ED \u017Eidovsk\u00E9 ritu\u00E1ly, jako nap\u0159\u00EDklad Lembov\u00E9, kte\u0159\u00ED praktikuj\u00ED k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ED \u010Di isl\u00E1m, ale maj\u00ED genetick\u00E9 znaky, kter\u00E9 je \u0159ad\u00ED mezi \u017Eidovsk\u00FD n\u00E1rod. \n* Sefard\u0161\u00ED \u017Eid\u00E9 a Mizrah\u0161t\u00ED \u017Eid\u00E9 \u017Eij\u00ED v severn\u00ED Africe, zejm\u00E9na pak v Maroku, Al\u017E\u00EDrsku, Libyi, Tunisku a Egypt\u011B. Mnoho jich v\u0161ak emigrovalo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm do Izraele a Francie a zna\u010Dn\u00E9 mno\u017Estv\u00ED d\u00E1le do Braz\u00EDlie, Kanady a Spojen\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F. Mal\u00E9, av\u0161ak aktivn\u00ED, komunity z\u016Fst\u00E1vaj\u00ED v Maroku a Tunisku. \n* , kte\u0159\u00ED jsou p\u0159ev\u00E1\u017En\u011B a\u0161ken\u00E1zov\u00E9, jsou p\u0159ev\u00E1\u017En\u011B potomky litevsk\u00FDch imigrant\u016F p\u0159ed holocaustem. A\u010Dkoliv ne v\u0161ichni afri\u010Dt\u00ED \u017Did\u00E9 jsou zbo\u017En\u00ED, v\u011Bt\u0161ina ob\u0159ad\u016F v africk\u00FDch \u017Eidovsk\u00FDch komunit\u00E1ch je ortodoxn\u00ED."@cs . . . . "Le prime testimonianze della presenza dell'ebraismo in Africa sono contenute nei papiri di Elefantina risalenti al V secolo a.C. Gi\u00E0 dal tempo della nascita di Ges\u00F9 viveva in Nordafrica una numerosa comunit\u00E0 a seguito della diaspora, il cui centro principale era Alessandria d'Egitto. Successivamente il giudaismo penetr\u00F2 anche nell'interno, soprattutto nelle oasi del Sahara e nel Sudan. Fin dall'antichit\u00E0, comunque, molti Berberi del Nordafrica professavano la religione ebraica."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . "African Jewish communities include: \n* Sephardi Jews and Mizrahi Jews who primarily live in the Maghreb of North Africa, including Morocco, Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia, as well as Sudan and Egypt. Some were established early in the diaspora; others after the expulsion from Iberia in the late 15th century. \n* South African Jews, who are mostly Ashkenazi Jews descended from post-Holocaust immigrant Lithuanian Jews. \n* Beta Israel living primarily in the Amhara and Tigray regions of Ethiopia and sparsely in Eritrea. \n* Berber Jews, the majority of whom were assimilated and converted to Islam, especially during the historical persecutions of the Almohadic Caliphate in the Middle Ages. The modern population of Berber Jews in Africa now numbers about 8,000 people in Morocco, with the majority ha"@en . . . . "History of the Jews in Africa"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u017Didovsk\u00E9 komunity v Africe, zvl\u00E1\u0161t\u011B pak n\u011Bkter\u00E9 z nich, pat\u0159\u00ED k nejstar\u0161\u00EDm na sv\u011Bt\u011B a datuj\u00ED se v\u00EDce ne\u017E 2700 let zp\u011Bt. \u017Didovsk\u00FD n\u00E1rod m\u00E1 s Afrikou \u00FAzk\u00E9 vztahy ji\u017E od biblick\u00FDch \u010Das\u016F. T\u00F3ra zmi\u0148uje nap\u0159\u00EDklad Abraham\u016Fv do\u010Dasn\u00FD pobyt v Egypt\u011B nebo \u017Eidovsk\u00E9 zajet\u00ED pod faraonskou nadvl\u00E1dou. Africk\u00E9 \u017Eidovstvo se vyzna\u010Duje etnickou a n\u00E1bo\u017Eenskou rozmanitost\u00ED a bohatost\u00ED. Africk\u00E9 \u017Eidovsk\u00E9 komunity zahrnuj\u00ED: A\u010Dkoliv ne v\u0161ichni afri\u010Dt\u00ED \u017Did\u00E9 jsou zbo\u017En\u00ED, v\u011Bt\u0161ina ob\u0159ad\u016F v africk\u00FDch \u017Eidovsk\u00FDch komunit\u00E1ch je ortodoxn\u00ED."@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1119830267"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Les communaut\u00E9s juives africaines comprennent : \n* Juifs s\u00E9farades et Juifs mizrahim vivant principalement au Maghreb d'Afrique du Nord, y compris le Maroc, l'Alg\u00E9rie, la Libye et la Tunisie, ainsi que le Soudan et l'\u00C9gypte. Certaines sont cr\u00E9\u00E9s au d\u00E9but de la diaspora, d'autres apr\u00E8s l'expulsion de la p\u00E9ninsule Ib\u00E9rique \u00E0 la fin du XVe si\u00E8cle ; \n* Juifs sud-africains, qui sont pour la plupart des Juifs ashk\u00E9nazes descendants de Juifs lituaniens immigr\u00E9s avant et apr\u00E8s l'Holocauste ; \n* Juifs \u00E9thiopiens (ou Beta Israel) vivant principalement dans les r\u00E9gions d'Amhara et de Tigray en \u00C9thiopie et plus rarement en \u00C9rythr\u00E9e."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . "Les communaut\u00E9s juives africaines comprennent : \n* Juifs s\u00E9farades et Juifs mizrahim vivant principalement au Maghreb d'Afrique du Nord, y compris le Maroc, l'Alg\u00E9rie, la Libye et la Tunisie, ainsi que le Soudan et l'\u00C9gypte. Certaines sont cr\u00E9\u00E9s au d\u00E9but de la diaspora, d'autres apr\u00E8s l'expulsion de la p\u00E9ninsule Ib\u00E9rique \u00E0 la fin du XVe si\u00E8cle ; \n* Juifs sud-africains, qui sont pour la plupart des Juifs ashk\u00E9nazes descendants de Juifs lituaniens immigr\u00E9s avant et apr\u00E8s l'Holocauste ; \n* Juifs \u00E9thiopiens (ou Beta Israel) vivant principalement dans les r\u00E9gions d'Amhara et de Tigray en \u00C9thiopie et plus rarement en \u00C9rythr\u00E9e."@fr . . . . . . . . . "A hist\u00F3ria dos judeus na \u00C1frica centra-se nas tr\u00EAs principais comunidades judaicas do continente africano: \n* Os judeus sefaradim e mizrahim que vivem principalmente na zona do Magreb (norte da \u00C1frica), entre eles Marrocos, Arg\u00E9lia, L\u00EDbia e Tun\u00EDsia, bem como no Sud\u00E3o e no Egito. Alguns se estabeleceram cedo na di\u00E1spora; outros, depois que a Inquisi\u00E7\u00E3o os expulsou da Pen\u00EDnsula Ib\u00E9rica no final do s\u00E9culo xv. \n* Os judeus da \u00C1frica do Sul, que s\u00E3o em sua maioria descendentes de judeus asquenazim, imigrantes lituanos de antes e ap\u00F3s o Holocausto. \n* Os Beta Israel que vivem principalmente nas regi\u00F5es de Amhara e Tigray na Eti\u00F3pia."@pt . . "Das Judentum in Afrika hat drei unterschiedliche Auspr\u00E4gungen: \n* Verstreut lebende afrikanische Bev\u00F6lkerungsgruppen, die eine Zugeh\u00F6rigkeit zur Nachkommenschaft des alten Israel oder auf andere Weise zum Judentum \u2013 eigentlich \u201EIsraelitentum\u201C \u2013 behaupten und Br\u00E4uche pflegen, von denen man eine Verwandtschaft mit j\u00FCdisch-israelitischen Br\u00E4uchen annehmen kann. Allein die aus \u00C4thiopien stammenden Beta Israel werden vom Staat Israel und der internationalen j\u00FCdischen Gemeinschaft als Juden anerkannt. \n* Die Sephardim und Mizrahim, die \u00FCberwiegend in Nordafrika leben. Viele von ihnen sind nach Israel und Frankreich, aber auch nach Kanada, Brasilien und den USA ausgewandert. \n* Die Aschkenasim, die als europ\u00E4ische Kolonisten nach Afrika gekommen sind."@de . . . "Afrikanska judar"@sv . . . . . . . . . "Sedan biblisk tid har det judiska folket haft n\u00E4ra band till Afrika i och med Abrahams vistelser i Egypten och israeliternas slaveri under faraonerna. I Afrika finns n\u00E5gra av de \u00E4ldsta judiska f\u00F6rsamlingarna i v\u00E4rlden, som g\u00E5r mer \u00E4n 2700 \u00E5r tillbaka. Beta Israel \u00E4r judar av etiopisk h\u00E4rkomst. Sedan Israel erk\u00E4nde dem som judar i lag 1950 har \u00F6ver 90 000 (omkring 85%) av dem utvandrat till Israel. En stor skillnad i deras trossystem \u00E4r att Beta Israel saknade h\u00F6gtiderna Purim och Chanukka, f\u00F6rmodligen eftersom de vek av fr\u00E5n huvudriktningen inom judendomen innan dessa utombibliska h\u00F6gtider b\u00F6rjade firas. Idag h\u00F6gtidligh\u00E5lls de av de flesta Beta Israel-medlemmarna i Israel. I Etiopien finns ocks\u00E5 samfundet , som har omkring 50 000 medlemmar. De br\u00F6t troligtvis med Beta Israel f\u00F6r flera hundra \u00E5r sedan. Lemba \u00E4r en etnisk grupp i Sydafrika vars trosuppfattningar har f\u00F6rmedlats muntligt fr\u00E5n generation till generation och p\u00E5minner markant om judendomen. Idag \u00E4r de flesta Lemba kristna eller muslimer men har bevarat m\u00E5nga judiska traditioner. Genetiska studier har p\u00E5visat att det \u00E4r m\u00F6jligt att en del av Lembafolket har sina r\u00F6tter i Mellan\u00F6stern. I Sydafrika finns \u00E4ven m\u00E5nga ashkenazer som mestadels h\u00E4rstammar fr\u00E5n litauiska judiska immigranter f\u00F6re och efter f\u00F6rintelsen. I Nordafrika (Marocko, Algeriet, Libyen, Tunisien och Egypten) har det l\u00E4nge levt sefardiska och judar. Idag har m\u00E5nga emigrerat till Israel, Frankrike, Argentina, Brasilien, Kanada och USA. Bland Igbofolket i Nigeria finns det de som g\u00F6r anspr\u00E5k p\u00E5 judisk h\u00E4rkomst, n\u00E4mligen fr\u00E5n israeliska invandrare. Det finns dock inga som helst arkeologiska bevis som styrker att de h\u00E4rstammar fr\u00E5n israeliter. Abayudayafolket fr\u00E5n \u00F6stra Uganda \u00E4r varken genetiskt eller historiskt besl\u00E4ktade med andra etniska judar men praktiserar sedan b\u00F6rjan av 1900-talet judendom, h\u00E5ller kashrut och h\u00F6gtidligh\u00E5ller sabbaten. \u00C4ven om inte alla afrikanska judar \u00E4r religi\u00F6sa praktiserar de flesta troende ortodox judendom. I Nigeria och Sydafrika finns \u00E4ven messianska f\u00F6rsamlingar och synagogor."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . "La historia de los jud\u00EDos en \u00C1frica se centra en las tres principales comunidades jud\u00EDas del continente africano: \n* Los jud\u00EDos sefard\u00EDes y mizraj\u00EDes que viven principalmente en la zona del Magreb (norte de \u00C1frica), entre ellos Marruecos, Argelia, Libia y T\u00FAnez, as\u00ED como en Sud\u00E1n y Egipto. Algunos se establecieron tempranamente en la di\u00E1spora; otros, despu\u00E9s de que la Inquisici\u00F3n los expulsara de Iberia a finales del siglo xv. \n* Los jud\u00EDos de Sud\u00E1frica, que son en su mayor\u00EDa descendientes de jud\u00EDos asquenaz\u00EDes, inmigrantes lituanos de antes y despu\u00E9s del Holocausto. \n* Los Beta Israel que viven principalmente en las regiones de Amhara y Tigray de Etiop\u00EDa."@es . . . . . . "Ebraismo in Africa"@it . . "La historia de los jud\u00EDos en \u00C1frica se centra en las tres principales comunidades jud\u00EDas del continente africano: \n* Los jud\u00EDos sefard\u00EDes y mizraj\u00EDes que viven principalmente en la zona del Magreb (norte de \u00C1frica), entre ellos Marruecos, Argelia, Libia y T\u00FAnez, as\u00ED como en Sud\u00E1n y Egipto. Algunos se establecieron tempranamente en la di\u00E1spora; otros, despu\u00E9s de que la Inquisici\u00F3n los expulsara de Iberia a finales del siglo xv. \n* Los jud\u00EDos de Sud\u00E1frica, que son en su mayor\u00EDa descendientes de jud\u00EDos asquenaz\u00EDes, inmigrantes lituanos de antes y despu\u00E9s del Holocausto. \n* Los Beta Israel que viven principalmente en las regiones de Amhara y Tigray de Etiop\u00EDa."@es . "\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0438"@ru . . . . . "Das Judentum in Afrika hat drei unterschiedliche Auspr\u00E4gungen: \n* Verstreut lebende afrikanische Bev\u00F6lkerungsgruppen, die eine Zugeh\u00F6rigkeit zur Nachkommenschaft des alten Israel oder auf andere Weise zum Judentum \u2013 eigentlich \u201EIsraelitentum\u201C \u2013 behaupten und Br\u00E4uche pflegen, von denen man eine Verwandtschaft mit j\u00FCdisch-israelitischen Br\u00E4uchen annehmen kann. Allein die aus \u00C4thiopien stammenden Beta Israel werden vom Staat Israel und der internationalen j\u00FCdischen Gemeinschaft als Juden anerkannt. \n* Die Sephardim und Mizrahim, die \u00FCberwiegend in Nordafrika leben. Viele von ihnen sind nach Israel und Frankreich, aber auch nach Kanada, Brasilien und den USA ausgewandert. \n* Die Aschkenasim, die als europ\u00E4ische Kolonisten nach Afrika gekommen sind."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"Le prime testimonianze della presenza dell'ebraismo in Africa sono contenute nei papiri di Elefantina risalenti al V secolo a.C. Gi\u00E0 dal tempo della nascita di Ges\u00F9 viveva in Nordafrica una numerosa comunit\u00E0 a seguito della diaspora, il cui centro principale era Alessandria d'Egitto. Successivamente il giudaismo penetr\u00F2 anche nell'interno, soprattutto nelle oasi del Sahara e nel Sudan. Fin dall'antichit\u00E0, comunque, molti Berberi del Nordafrica professavano la religione ebraica. L'esempio pi\u00F9 noto di ebrei africani \u00E8 quello dei Falasha dell'Etiopia, che etnicamente appartengono agli . Il loro giudaismo \u00E8 di tipo particolare, poich\u00E9 essi riconoscono come dottrina e come culto soltanto il Pentateuco, ignorando inoltre l'ebraico ed utilizzando invece il ge'ez (etiopico arcaico) come lingua di culto. \u00C8 improbabile il rapporto tra i Falasha e le antiche comunit\u00E0 ebraiche egiziane, mentre \u00E8 consistente il loro legame con le comunit\u00E0 dell'Arabia meridionale prima dell'avvento dell'Islam. Durante il periodo del colonialismo, ebrei europei ed americani si stabilirono prevalentemente nelle grandi citt\u00E0 africane, soprattutto in Sudafrica, mantenendo credenze religiose dei paesi di provenienza. Quando l'ebraismo conserv\u00F2 le sue caratteristiche intatte, tra cui il rigoroso monoteismo, solo con difficolt\u00E0 super\u00F2 le disparit\u00E0 con le religioni di tipo naturistico, rimanendo comunque estranea anche alle altre religioni monoteistiche. Ci\u00F2, associato ad un complesso di segni distintivi, caus\u00F2 anche in Africa persecuzioni fino a tempi recenti."@it . . . "A hist\u00F3ria dos judeus na \u00C1frica centra-se nas tr\u00EAs principais comunidades judaicas do continente africano: \n* Os judeus sefaradim e mizrahim que vivem principalmente na zona do Magreb (norte da \u00C1frica), entre eles Marrocos, Arg\u00E9lia, L\u00EDbia e Tun\u00EDsia, bem como no Sud\u00E3o e no Egito. Alguns se estabeleceram cedo na di\u00E1spora; outros, depois que a Inquisi\u00E7\u00E3o os expulsou da Pen\u00EDnsula Ib\u00E9rica no final do s\u00E9culo xv. \n* Os judeus da \u00C1frica do Sul, que s\u00E3o em sua maioria descendentes de judeus asquenazim, imigrantes lituanos de antes e ap\u00F3s o Holocausto. \n* Os Beta Israel que vivem principalmente nas regi\u00F5es de Amhara e Tigray na Eti\u00F3pia."@pt . "660342"^^ . . . . . . . . "Historia de los jud\u00EDos en \u00C1frica"@es . . . . . . "40614"^^ . "Judentum in Afrika"@de . 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"Sedan biblisk tid har det judiska folket haft n\u00E4ra band till Afrika i och med Abrahams vistelser i Egypten och israeliternas slaveri under faraonerna. I Afrika finns n\u00E5gra av de \u00E4ldsta judiska f\u00F6rsamlingarna i v\u00E4rlden, som g\u00E5r mer \u00E4n 2700 \u00E5r tillbaka. I Etiopien finns ocks\u00E5 samfundet , som har omkring 50 000 medlemmar. De br\u00F6t troligtvis med Beta Israel f\u00F6r flera hundra \u00E5r sedan. I Nordafrika (Marocko, Algeriet, Libyen, Tunisien och Egypten) har det l\u00E4nge levt sefardiska och judar. Idag har m\u00E5nga emigrerat till Israel, Frankrike, Argentina, Brasilien, Kanada och USA."@sv . . . . . .