. . "\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A"@ar . . . . . . . . . . "\u0639\u0628\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062D\u0645\u062F \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0649 (\u062A. 969 \u0645) \u0635\u0627\u062D\u0628 \u00AB\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062E\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629\u00BB \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u062D\u062A\u0648\u064A \u062A\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064A\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062C\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064A\u0648\u0631\u062F\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u064A \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062F\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0628\u0631\u062D\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062C\u0631\u062C\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A. \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062C\u062F\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0629 \u00AB\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0627\u00BB."@ar . . "949"^^ . "1123669365"^^ . . . "Ibn Selim el-Aswani"@fr . . "Ibn Salim al-Aswani"@en . . "2282194"^^ . "Ibn Selim el-Aswani (arabe : \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A) de son vrai nom Abdallah ibn Ahmad ibn Salim \u00E9tait un diplomate \u00E9gyptien du Xe si\u00E8cle envoy\u00E9 en Nubie, il laissa des traces \u00E9crites de ses voyages en Makurie \u00E0 Vieux Dongola. Il fut envoy\u00E9 \u00E0 la cour de par le g\u00E9n\u00E9ral \u00E9gyptien Jawhar au nom du calife pour demander la reprise des baqt. Sa mission fut repouss\u00E9e mais le r\u00E9cit de son voyage publi\u00E9 par al-Maqrizi est l'une des sources les plus importantes sur la Nubie m\u00E9di\u00E9vale. Il d\u00E9crit la Makurie comme \u00E9tant un \u00E9tat prosp\u00E8re et centralis\u00E9, il d\u00E9crit la capitale du royaume d'Alodie Soba alors qu'il ne l'a peut-\u00EAtre pas encore visit\u00E9e. Contrairement \u00E0 certains \u00E9crivains arabes, il semble favorable aux royaumes chr\u00E9tiens."@fr . . . . . . . "Fa\u1E0Dl \u1E24asan"@en . . "Abu Muhammad Abdallah ibn Ahmad ibn Salim (or ibn Sulaym) al-Aswani (Arabic: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062D\u0645\u062F \u0639\u0628\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062D\u0645\u062F \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A, romanized: \u02BFAb\u016B Mu\u1E25ammad Abd All\u0101h ibn A\u1E25mad ibn Sal\u012Bm/Sulaym al-Asw\u0101n\u012B) was a tenth-century Egyptian diplomat and Shia Muslim d\u0101\u02BF\u012B (missionary) in the service of the Fatimids. Following the Fatimid conquest of Egypt, he was dispatched to Nubia by the Fatimid governor Jawhar al-Siqilli in 975 AD (365 AH) or perhaps a little earlier. He left a written record of his mission, the Kit\u0101b Akhb\u0101r al-N\u016Bba wa\u02BEl-Mu\u1E33urra wa \u02BFAlwa wa\u02BEl-Buja wa\u02BEl-N\u012Bl (\"Book of Reports on Nubia, Makuria, Alodia, the Beja and the Nile\"). This is the only surviving eyewitness description of medieval Nubia other than the very brief account in Ibn \u1E24awqal."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ibn Sulaym al-Asw\u0101n\u012B"@en . . . . . . . . "Abu Muhammad Abdallah ibn Ahmad ibn Salim (or ibn Sulaym) al-Aswani (Arabic: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062D\u0645\u062F \u0639\u0628\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062D\u0645\u062F \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A, romanized: \u02BFAb\u016B Mu\u1E25ammad Abd All\u0101h ibn A\u1E25mad ibn Sal\u012Bm/Sulaym al-Asw\u0101n\u012B) was a tenth-century Egyptian diplomat and Shia Muslim d\u0101\u02BF\u012B (missionary) in the service of the Fatimids. Following the Fatimid conquest of Egypt, he was dispatched to Nubia by the Fatimid governor Jawhar al-Siqilli in 975 AD (365 AH) or perhaps a little earlier. He left a written record of his mission, the Kit\u0101b Akhb\u0101r al-N\u016Bba wa\u02BEl-Mu\u1E33urra wa \u02BFAlwa wa\u02BEl-Buja wa\u02BEl-N\u012Bl (\"Book of Reports on Nubia, Makuria, Alodia, the Beja and the Nile\"). This is the only surviving eyewitness description of medieval Nubia other than the very brief account in Ibn \u1E24awqal. Jawhar, who had led the Fatimid conquest of Egypt, was apparently under the impression that the Nubians, who had previously resisted Islamization, might be persuaded to convert to Isma'ilism, the Islamic doctrine espoused by the Fatimids. He chose as his ambassador Abdallah ibn Ahmad ibn Salim from Aswan (the nisbah al-Aswani means \"of Aswan\") presumably because Aswan lay on Egypt's frontier with Nubia and so Abdallah could be presumed to have some familiarity with the country. Ibn Salim travelled through much of Lower Nubia with a large retinue. He celebrated Eid al-Adha with some sixty fellow Muslims. He stayed several months in Dongola, the capital of Makuria. There he persuaded King George II to resume payment of the ba\u1E33t, an annual tribute the Nubians had rendered to the Muslim rulers of Egypt since the seventh century. He failed, however, to persuade the king to convert to Islam, although he did engage in a debate at court. He also visited the southern kingdom of Alodia and describes its capital, Soba, in the Kit\u0101b Akhb\u0101r al-N\u016Bba. He does not appear to have visited the country of the Beja, however, and his descriptions of it are secondhand. The record of Ibn Salim's voyage survives only as excerpts in al-Maqrizi and al-Manufi. The excerpts of al-Maqrizi are quoted and abridged in Ibn Iyas. The original complete work is lost. The Kit\u0101b seems to have once circulated relatively widely, since it can be detected as a source in several works, such as that of Abu al-Makarim. The Kit\u0101b is still one of the most important sources on medieval Nubia. He describes the geography, history and contemporary political situation of the bil\u0101d al-S\u016Bd\u0101n. He describes a quite centralized and prosperous Makurian state. Unlike many other Arab writers, he seems favourably disposed to the Christian kingdoms."@en . . "\u0639\u0628\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062D\u0645\u062F \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0649 (\u062A. 969 \u0645) \u0635\u0627\u062D\u0628 \u00AB\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062E\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629\u00BB \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u062D\u062A\u0648\u064A \u062A\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064A\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062C\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064A\u0648\u0631\u062F\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u064A \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062F\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0628\u0631\u062D\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062C\u0631\u062C\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A. \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062C\u062F\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0629 \u00AB\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0627\u00BB."@ar . . . . "Y\u016Bsuf"@en . . . . . . . "4500"^^ . . "3"^^ . . . . . "Ibn Selim el-Aswani (arabe : \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A) de son vrai nom Abdallah ibn Ahmad ibn Salim \u00E9tait un diplomate \u00E9gyptien du Xe si\u00E8cle envoy\u00E9 en Nubie, il laissa des traces \u00E9crites de ses voyages en Makurie \u00E0 Vieux Dongola. Il fut envoy\u00E9 \u00E0 la cour de par le g\u00E9n\u00E9ral \u00E9gyptien Jawhar au nom du calife pour demander la reprise des baqt. Sa mission fut repouss\u00E9e mais le r\u00E9cit de son voyage publi\u00E9 par al-Maqrizi est l'une des sources les plus importantes sur la Nubie m\u00E9di\u00E9vale. Il d\u00E9crit la Makurie comme \u00E9tant un \u00E9tat prosp\u00E8re et centralis\u00E9, il d\u00E9crit la capitale du royaume d'Alodie Soba alors qu'il ne l'a peut-\u00EAtre pas encore visit\u00E9e. Contrairement \u00E0 certains \u00E9crivains arabes, il semble favorable aux royaumes chr\u00E9tiens."@fr . .