. . . . "Verelendungstheorie"@de . . . . "In Marxist theory and Marxian economics, the immiseration thesis, also referred to as emiseration thesis, is derived from Karl Marx's analysis of economic development in capitalism, implying that the nature of capitalist production stabilizes real wages, reducing wage growth relative to total value creation in the economy, leading to the increasing power of capital in society. The immiseration thesis is related to Marx's analysis of the rising organic composition of capital and reduced demand for labor relative to capital equipment as technology develops."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Unter Verelendungstheorien werden Theorien verstanden, die eine Verelendung der Proletarier im Zuge der Industrialisierung, bzw. der Arbeiterklasse unter kapitalistischen Produktionsverh\u00E4ltnissen behaupten. Zu unterscheiden ist einerseits zwischen einer Theorie der absoluten Verelendung, die von st\u00E4ndigem Absinken des Reallohns und des Lebensstandards der Arbeiter ausgeht und andererseits einer Theorie der relativen Verelendung, nach welcher der Einkommensunterschied zwischen Armen und Reichen immer weiter zunimmt. Die Verelendungstheorie konnte durch die gesellschaftliche Entwicklung in den hoch entwickelten Industriel\u00E4ndern nicht best\u00E4tigt werden. Die Theorie der absoluten Verelendung wird heute nicht mehr vertreten, heute dreht sich die wissenschaftliche Frage um den Lebensstandard nicht mehr darum, ob die industrielle Revolution den Menschen besser stellte, sondern wann sie das tat. Gegen die relative Verelendungstheorie wird der langfristige Anstieg der Lohnquote vom 19. Jahrhundert bis in die 1970er Jahre ins Feld gef\u00FChrt. Nach Erich Arndt ist jedoch \u201Ediese sehr langfristige Steigerung [...] wohl nicht nur auf das Wirksamwerden eines Machtausgleichs der Gewerkschaften auf dem Arbeitsmarkt, sondern vor allem auch auf das relative Anwachsen der Zahl unselbst\u00E4ndig Besch\u00E4ftigter zur\u00FCckzuf\u00FChren.\u201C"@de . . "1074406650"^^ . . . "8877"^^ . "Unter Verelendungstheorien werden Theorien verstanden, die eine Verelendung der Proletarier im Zuge der Industrialisierung, bzw. der Arbeiterklasse unter kapitalistischen Produktionsverh\u00E4ltnissen behaupten. Zu unterscheiden ist einerseits zwischen einer Theorie der absoluten Verelendung, die von st\u00E4ndigem Absinken des Reallohns und des Lebensstandards der Arbeiter ausgeht und andererseits einer Theorie der relativen Verelendung, nach welcher der Einkommensunterschied zwischen Armen und Reichen immer weiter zunimmt."@de . . . . . "38646906"^^ . . . . . "In Marxist theory and Marxian economics, the immiseration thesis, also referred to as emiseration thesis, is derived from Karl Marx's analysis of economic development in capitalism, implying that the nature of capitalist production stabilizes real wages, reducing wage growth relative to total value creation in the economy, leading to the increasing power of capital in society. The immiseration thesis is related to Marx's analysis of the rising organic composition of capital and reduced demand for labor relative to capital equipment as technology develops."@en . . . . . "Immiseration thesis"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uAD81\uD54D\uD654(\u7AAE\u4E4F\u5316, immiseration)\uB780 \uC790\uBCF8\uC8FC\uC758 \uACBD\uC81C\uAC00 \uBC1C\uC804\uD558\uACE0 \uC790\uBCF8\uCD95\uC801\uC774 \uC810\uC810 \uC9C4\uD589\uB418\uC5B4 \uAC10\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uB178\uB3D9\uC790\uC758 \uB178\uB3D9\uC870\uAC74\uC774\uB098 \uC0DD\uD65C \uC0C1\uD0DC\uAC00 \uC0C1\uB300\uC801\uC73C\uB85C\uB098 \uC808\uB300\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC545\uD654\uD558\uC5EC \uBE48\uACE4\uD654\uD558\uB294 \uACBD\uD5A5\uC744 \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC5EC\uAE30\uC11C \uB9D0\uD558\uB294 \uC0C1\uB300\uC801\uC778 \uAD81\uD54D\uD654\uB780 \uC0C1\uB300\uC801 \uC784\uAE08, \uC989 \uC789\uC5EC\uAC00\uCE58\uC640 \uBE44\uAD50\uD55C \uC784\uAE08\uC758 \uBE44\uC911\uC774 \uC810\uCC28\uB85C \uAC10\uC18C\uB418\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uC758\uBBF8\uD558\uBA70, \uC808\uB300\uC801\uC778 \uAD81\uD54D\uD654\uB780 \uC2E4\uC9C8\uC784\uAE08\uC758 \uC800\uD558\uB098 \uB610\uB294 \uB178\uB3D9\uAC15\uD654(\uC608\uB97C \uB4E4\uBA74 \uB178\uB3D9\uC2DC\uAC04\uC758 \uC5F0\uC7A5\uC774\uB098 \uB178\uB3D9\uAC15\uB3C4\uB97C \uACE0\uB3C4\uD654\uD558\uB294 \uAC83)\uC758 \uC99D\uC9C4\uC744 \uB73B\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC5B4\uB290 \uAC83\uC774\uB098 \uBAA8\uB450 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4 \uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uC774 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD558\uB294 \uAD81\uD54D\uD654 \uC774\uB860\uC5D0 \uADFC\uAC70\uB97C \uB450\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC790\uBCF8\uC8FC\uC758 \uACBD\uC81C\uAC00 \uADF9\uB300\uC774\uC724\uCD94\uAD6C(\u6975\u5927\u5229\u6F64\u8FFD\u6C42)\uB97C \uC9C0\uB3C4\uC6D0\uB9AC\uB85C \uC0BC\uACE0 \uC788\uC74C\uC740 \uC5B8\uAE09\uD560 \uD544\uC694\uC870\uCC28 \uC5C6\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uC790\uBCF8\uC8FC\uC758 \uACBD\uC81C\uC758 \uBC1C\uC804\uC740 \uC774 \uC774\uC724\uC744 \uB3D9\uC778(\u52D5\u56E0)\uC73C\uB85C \uD558\uB294 \uC790\uBCF8\uC758 \uCD95\uC801\uACFC \uC9D1\uC801(\u96C6\u7A4D) \uC9D1\uC911(\u96C6\u4E2D)\uC758 \uACFC\uC815\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774\uC640 \uAC19\uC774 \uC790\uBCF8\uC8FC\uC758 \uACBD\uC81C\uAC00 \uC9C4\uC804\uD568\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C\uC11C \uBD88\uBCC0\uC790\uBCF8(\uC0DD\uC0B0\uC218\uB2E8\uC758 \uAC00\uCE58)\uACFC \uAC00\uBCC0\uC790\uBCF8\uC744 \uADF8 \uB0B4\uC6A9\uC73C\uB85C \uD558\uB294 \uC790\uBCF8\uC758 \uAC00\uCE58 \uAD6C\uC131\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC804\uC790\uC5D0 \uD55C\uCE35 \uB354 \uC911\uC810\uC744 \uB454 \uBCC0\uD654\uAC00 \uCD9C\uD604\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uC0DD\uC0B0\uC218\uB2E8\uACFC \uB178\uB3D9\uB825\uC758 \uAE30\uBCF8\uC801\uC778 \uACB0\uD569(\u7D50\u5408)\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB3C4 \uC0C1\uB300\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC801\uC740 \uB178\uB3D9\uB825\uB9CC\uC774 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uB294 \uAD00\uACC4\uC758 \uBCC0\uD654\uAC00 \uB098\uD0C0\uB098\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. \uAC00\uBCC0\uC790\uBCF8 \uBD80\uBD84\uC758 \uC0C1\uB300\uC801\uC778 \uAC10\uC18C\uC640 \uB178\uB3D9\uC808\uC57D\uC801\uC778 \uD22C\uD558\uC790\uBCF8\uC758 \uC9C4\uD589\uC740 \uB2F9\uC5F0\uD788 \uC789\uC5EC\uBD84\uC758 \uB178\uB3D9\uB825 \uC778\uAD6C\uB97C \uB05D\uC5C6\uC774 \uBC30\uCD9C\uD558\uC5EC \uC0B0\uC5C5\uC608\uBE44\uAD70\uC758 \uD480\uC744 \uB118\uCE58\uAC8C \uD55C\uB2E4. \uB610 \uD55C\uD3B8 \uC790\uBCF8\uAD6C\uC131\uC758 \uACE0\uB3C4\uD654\uB294 \uB178\uB3D9\uC758 \uC0DD\uC0B0\uC131\uC744 \uD5A5\uC0C1\uC2DC\uCF1C \uC774\uC724\uC728\uC758 \uD558\uB77D \uACBD\uD5A5\uC744 \uC0DD\uAE30\uAC8C \uD558\uACE0, \uC774\uC724\uD68D\uB4DD\uC744 \uC704\uD558\uC5EC \uB354 \uB9CE\uC740 \uC790\uBCF8\uCD95\uC801\uACFC \uACFC\uC789 \uB178\uB3D9\uC778\uAD6C\uC758 \uCD9C\uD604\uC5D0 \uBC15\uCC28\uB97C \uAC00\uD568\uC73C\uB85C \uB178\uB3D9\uC790\uACC4\uAE09\uC5D0\uAC8C\uB294 \uC0C1\uB300\uC801\uC778 \uC784\uAE08\uBFD0\uB9CC \uC544\uB2C8\uB77C, \uC2E4\uC9C8\uC784\uAE08\uC758 \uC800\uB77D\uC744 \uBD88\uAC00\uD53C\uD558\uAC8C \uD568\uACFC \uB3D9\uC2DC\uC5D0 \uC790\uBCF8\uC5D0\uC758 \uC608\uC18D\uD654\uB3C4 \uD55C\uCE35 \uC2EC\uD654"@ko . . "\uAD81\uD54D\uD654"@ko . . . . . . . . "\uAD81\uD54D\uD654(\u7AAE\u4E4F\u5316, immiseration)\uB780 \uC790\uBCF8\uC8FC\uC758 \uACBD\uC81C\uAC00 \uBC1C\uC804\uD558\uACE0 \uC790\uBCF8\uCD95\uC801\uC774 \uC810\uC810 \uC9C4\uD589\uB418\uC5B4 \uAC10\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uB178\uB3D9\uC790\uC758 \uB178\uB3D9\uC870\uAC74\uC774\uB098 \uC0DD\uD65C \uC0C1\uD0DC\uAC00 \uC0C1\uB300\uC801\uC73C\uB85C\uB098 \uC808\uB300\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC545\uD654\uD558\uC5EC \uBE48\uACE4\uD654\uD558\uB294 \uACBD\uD5A5\uC744 \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC5EC\uAE30\uC11C \uB9D0\uD558\uB294 \uC0C1\uB300\uC801\uC778 \uAD81\uD54D\uD654\uB780 \uC0C1\uB300\uC801 \uC784\uAE08, \uC989 \uC789\uC5EC\uAC00\uCE58\uC640 \uBE44\uAD50\uD55C \uC784\uAE08\uC758 \uBE44\uC911\uC774 \uC810\uCC28\uB85C \uAC10\uC18C\uB418\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uC758\uBBF8\uD558\uBA70, \uC808\uB300\uC801\uC778 \uAD81\uD54D\uD654\uB780 \uC2E4\uC9C8\uC784\uAE08\uC758 \uC800\uD558\uB098 \uB610\uB294 \uB178\uB3D9\uAC15\uD654(\uC608\uB97C \uB4E4\uBA74 \uB178\uB3D9\uC2DC\uAC04\uC758 \uC5F0\uC7A5\uC774\uB098 \uB178\uB3D9\uAC15\uB3C4\uB97C \uACE0\uB3C4\uD654\uD558\uB294 \uAC83)\uC758 \uC99D\uC9C4\uC744 \uB73B\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC5B4\uB290 \uAC83\uC774\uB098 \uBAA8\uB450 \uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uC2A4 \uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uC774 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD558\uB294 \uAD81\uD54D\uD654 \uC774\uB860\uC5D0 \uADFC\uAC70\uB97C \uB450\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC790\uBCF8\uC8FC\uC758 \uACBD\uC81C\uAC00 \uADF9\uB300\uC774\uC724\uCD94\uAD6C(\u6975\u5927\u5229\u6F64\u8FFD\u6C42)\uB97C \uC9C0\uB3C4\uC6D0\uB9AC\uB85C \uC0BC\uACE0 \uC788\uC74C\uC740 \uC5B8\uAE09\uD560 \uD544\uC694\uC870\uCC28 \uC5C6\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uC790\uBCF8\uC8FC\uC758 \uACBD\uC81C\uC758 \uBC1C\uC804\uC740 \uC774 \uC774\uC724\uC744 \uB3D9\uC778(\u52D5\u56E0)\uC73C\uB85C \uD558\uB294 \uC790\uBCF8\uC758 \uCD95\uC801\uACFC \uC9D1\uC801(\u96C6\u7A4D) \uC9D1\uC911(\u96C6\u4E2D)\uC758 \uACFC\uC815\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774\uC640 \uAC19\uC774 \uC790\uBCF8\uC8FC\uC758 \uACBD\uC81C\uAC00 \uC9C4\uC804\uD568\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C\uC11C \uBD88\uBCC0\uC790\uBCF8(\uC0DD\uC0B0\uC218\uB2E8\uC758 \uAC00\uCE58)\uACFC \uAC00\uBCC0\uC790\uBCF8\uC744 \uADF8 \uB0B4\uC6A9\uC73C\uB85C \uD558\uB294 \uC790\uBCF8\uC758 \uAC00\uCE58 \uAD6C\uC131\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC804\uC790\uC5D0 \uD55C\uCE35 \uB354 \uC911\uC810\uC744 \uB454 \uBCC0\uD654\uAC00 \uCD9C\uD604\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uC0DD\uC0B0\uC218\uB2E8\uACFC \uB178\uB3D9\uB825\uC758 \uAE30\uBCF8\uC801\uC778 \uACB0\uD569(\u7D50\u5408)\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB3C4 \uC0C1\uB300\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC801\uC740 \uB178\uB3D9\uB825\uB9CC\uC774 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uB294 \uAD00\uACC4\uC758 \uBCC0\uD654\uAC00 \uB098\uD0C0\uB098\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. \uAC00\uBCC0\uC790\uBCF8 \uBD80\uBD84\uC758 \uC0C1\uB300\uC801\uC778 \uAC10\uC18C\uC640 \uB178\uB3D9\uC808\uC57D\uC801\uC778 \uD22C\uD558\uC790\uBCF8\uC758 \uC9C4\uD589\uC740 \uB2F9\uC5F0\uD788 \uC789\uC5EC\uBD84\uC758 \uB178\uB3D9\uB825 \uC778\uAD6C\uB97C \uB05D\uC5C6\uC774 \uBC30\uCD9C\uD558\uC5EC \uC0B0\uC5C5\uC608\uBE44\uAD70\uC758 \uD480\uC744 \uB118\uCE58\uAC8C \uD55C\uB2E4. \uB610 \uD55C\uD3B8 \uC790\uBCF8\uAD6C\uC131\uC758 \uACE0\uB3C4\uD654\uB294 \uB178\uB3D9\uC758 \uC0DD\uC0B0\uC131\uC744 \uD5A5\uC0C1\uC2DC\uCF1C \uC774\uC724\uC728\uC758 \uD558\uB77D \uACBD\uD5A5\uC744 \uC0DD\uAE30\uAC8C \uD558\uACE0, \uC774\uC724\uD68D\uB4DD\uC744 \uC704\uD558\uC5EC \uB354 \uB9CE\uC740 \uC790\uBCF8\uCD95\uC801\uACFC \uACFC\uC789 \uB178\uB3D9\uC778\uAD6C\uC758 \uCD9C\uD604\uC5D0 \uBC15\uCC28\uB97C \uAC00\uD568\uC73C\uB85C \uB178\uB3D9\uC790\uACC4\uAE09\uC5D0\uAC8C\uB294 \uC0C1\uB300\uC801\uC778 \uC784\uAE08\uBFD0\uB9CC \uC544\uB2C8\uB77C, \uC2E4\uC9C8\uC784\uAE08\uC758 \uC800\uB77D\uC744 \uBD88\uAC00\uD53C\uD558\uAC8C \uD568\uACFC \uB3D9\uC2DC\uC5D0 \uC790\uBCF8\uC5D0\uC758 \uC608\uC18D\uD654\uB3C4 \uD55C\uCE35 \uC2EC\uD654\uB41C\uB2E4\uACE0 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uC720\uD734\uC124\uBE44(\u904A\u4F11\u8A2D\u5099)\uB098 \uB9CC\uC131\uC801 \uC2E4\uC5C5(\u5931\u696D)\uC774 \uCD9C\uD604\uD558\uB294 \uACF5\uD669\uC2DC\uC758 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