. "Kingdom of Kurdistan(1922\u20131924)" . "90000"^^ . . "70000"^^ . "*Iraqi Police" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1,000,000 (1988)" . "Maryam Rajavi"@en . "Kosrat Rasul Ali"@en . . "Millions of Kurds displaced and turned refugees"@en . . . . . . "300,000 (1980)" . . . . . "31376607"^^ . . . . . "260"^^ . . . . "KDP:"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Mandatory Iraq"@en . . "Supported by:" . "SCIRI"@en . . . . "Kingdom of Iraq" . "MEK" . "Kurdish refugees in camps along the Turkey-Iraq border, 1991"@en . . "Kingdom of Kurdistan \n----\n KDP"@en . . . . . . . "Ali Sayad Shirazi"@en . . . . "100000"^^ . "15000"^^ . . "5,000 (1980)" . . . . . . . . . . "Saddam Kamel"@en . "El conflicto kurdo-iraqu\u00ED consiste en una serie de guerras y rebeliones de los kurdos contra la autoridad central de Irak durante el siglo XX, que comenz\u00F3 poco despu\u00E9s de la derrota del Imperio Otomano en la Primera Guerra Mundial y dur\u00F3 hasta la invasi\u00F3n estadounidense de Irak en 2003 . Algunos ponen el punto culminante del comienzo del conflicto en el intento de Mahmud Barzanji de establecer un Reino independiente de Kurdist\u00E1n, mientras que otros relacionan el conflicto como solo la insurrecci\u00F3n posterior a 1961 de los Barzanis. \u200B El conflicto dur\u00F3 hasta la invasi\u00F3n estadounidense de Irak en 2003, aunque las tensiones entre la autonom\u00EDa kurda y el gobierno central iraqu\u00ED han continuado."@es . "1918"^^ . . . . "Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr"@en . "Jalal Talabani"@en . "5000"^^ . "6000"^^ . . . "Massoud Barzani"@en . . . . . . . . . "Luai al-Atassi"@en . "* Iraq recaptures 20% of the territory controlled by the Kurdistan Region includingKirkukafter the2017 Iraqi-Kurdish conflict" . . . . "Supported by:"@en . . . "424,000 (2002)" . . "Ali Askari"@en . "Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri"@en . "Iraqi\u2013Kurdish conflict"@en . "Les Kurdes, peuple sans \u00C9tat, ont d\u00E9velopp\u00E9 au XXe si\u00E8cle un mouvement visant \u00E0 l'autonomie ou \u00E0 l'ind\u00E9pendance de la r\u00E9gion kurde d'Irak. Ce mouvement, avec sa branche arm\u00E9e, les peshmergas, soutient une s\u00E9rie d'insurrections ponctu\u00E9es de tr\u00EAves sous la R\u00E9publique d'Irak pendant une grande partie du XXe si\u00E8cle avec une intensification du conflit entre 1961 et 1991. Malgr\u00E9 les dures campagnes de r\u00E9pression men\u00E9es par l'arm\u00E9e irakienne, ces insurrections aboutissent \u00E0 l'autonomie de la R\u00E9gion du Kurdistan \u00E0 partir de 1991 puis de mani\u00E8re renforc\u00E9e durant les ann\u00E9es 2000 apr\u00E8s la guerre d'Irak."@fr . . . . . . . . . "Iraqi\u2013Kurdish conflict"@en . "KDP & PUK:" . . . . . . . "Faisal I of Iraq\n----\n Faisal II of Iraq\n----\n Abdul Karim Qasim"@en . . "Mama Risha"@en . . "Conflicto kurdo-iraqu\u00ED"@es . . "Conflito curdo-iraquiano"@pt . "(1922\u20131924)" . . . "70,000 (2003)" . . . "EnforcingNo-Fly ZoneperUNSC Resolution 688:" . . . . . . "KDP & PUK:"@en . . . . . "(1980\u20131988)" . "PUK" . . . . . "Saddam Hussein"@en . . . . . . "Qusay Hussein"@en . "1115956096"^^ . . "42762"^^ . . . "----" . "El conflicto kurdo-iraqu\u00ED consiste en una serie de guerras y rebeliones de los kurdos contra la autoridad central de Irak durante el siglo XX, que comenz\u00F3 poco despu\u00E9s de la derrota del Imperio Otomano en la Primera Guerra Mundial y dur\u00F3 hasta la invasi\u00F3n estadounidense de Irak en 2003 . Algunos ponen el punto culminante del comienzo del conflicto en el intento de Mahmud Barzanji de establecer un Reino independiente de Kurdist\u00E1n, mientras que otros relacionan el conflicto como solo la insurrecci\u00F3n posterior a 1961 de los Barzanis. \u200B El conflicto dur\u00F3 hasta la invasi\u00F3n estadounidense de Irak en 2003, aunque las tensiones entre la autonom\u00EDa kurda y el gobierno central iraqu\u00ED han continuado. El primer cap\u00EDtulo de la disputa kurdo-iraqu\u00ED sigui\u00F3 al final de la Primera Guerra Mundial y la llegada de las fuerzas brit\u00E1nicas. Mahmud Barzanji comenz\u00F3 los intentos de secesi\u00F3n en 1919 y en 1922 proclam\u00F3 el ef\u00EDmero Reino de Kurdist\u00E1n . Aunque las insurrecciones de Mahmud fueron derrotadas, otro jeque kurdo, Ahmed Barzani, comenz\u00F3 a oponerse activamente al gobierno central del Mandato de Irak durante la d\u00E9cada de 1920. La primera de las principales revueltas de Barzani tuvo lugar en 1931, despu\u00E9s de que Barzani, uno de los l\u00EDderes kurdos m\u00E1s prominentes en el norte de Irak, lograra derrotar a otras tribus kurdas. \u200B Finalmente fracas\u00F3 y se refugi\u00F3 en Turqu\u00EDa. El siguiente intento serio de secesi\u00F3n kurda fue realizado por el hermano menor de Ahmed Barzani, Mustafa Barzani, en 1943, pero esa revuelta tambi\u00E9n fracas\u00F3, lo que result\u00F3 en el exilio de Mustafa a Ir\u00E1n, donde particip\u00F3 en un intento de formar la Rep\u00FAblica de Mahabad. En 1958, Mustafa Barzani y sus combatientes regresaron a Irak desde el exilio, y se intent\u00F3 negociar la autonom\u00EDa kurda en el norte con la nueva administraci\u00F3n iraqu\u00ED del Gral. Qasim. Las negociaciones finalmente fracasaron y la Primera Guerra Iraqu\u00ED-Kurda estall\u00F3 el 11 de septiembre de 1961, \u200B que dur\u00F3 hasta 1970 e infligi\u00F3 entre 75.000 y 105.000 bajas. A pesar de los intentos de resolver el conflicto proporcionando a los kurdos una autonom\u00EDa reconocida en el norte de Irak (Kurdist\u00E1n iraqu\u00ED), las negociaciones fracasaron en 1974, lo que result\u00F3 en la reanudaci\u00F3n de las hostilidades conocida como la Segunda Guerra Iraqu\u00ED-Kurda, que result\u00F3 en el colapso de las milicias kurdas. y la reconquista del norte de Irak por las tropas del gobierno iraqu\u00ED. Como resultado, Mustafa Barzani y la mayor\u00EDa de los l\u00EDderes del PDK huyeron a Ir\u00E1n, mientras que UPK gan\u00F3 poder en el vac\u00EDo, liderando una campa\u00F1a de insurgencia contra el gobierno central iraqu\u00ED. Desde 1976, las relaciones UPK y PDK se deterioraron r\u00E1pidamente, alcanzando el cl\u00EDmax en abril de 1978, cuando las tropas UPK sufrieron una gran derrota por parte del PDK, que cont\u00F3 con el apoyo de las fuerzas a\u00E9reas iran\u00EDes e iraqu\u00EDes. Durante este per\u00EDodo, las autoridades baazistas aprovecharon la oportunidad para llevar a cabo proyectos de colonizaci\u00F3n y desplazamiento a gran escala en el norte de Irak, con el objetivo de cambiar la demograf\u00EDa y desestabilizar as\u00ED las bases de poder kurdas. El conflicto resurgi\u00F3 como parte de la Guerra Ir\u00E1n-Irak, con los partidos kurdos colaborando contra Saddam Husein y el PDK y tambi\u00E9n obteniendo el apoyo militar de la Rep\u00FAblica Isl\u00E1mica de Ir\u00E1n. En 1986, los l\u00EDderes iraqu\u00EDes se cansaron del fortalecimiento y la falta de lealtad de la entidad kurda en el norte de Irak y comenzaron una campa\u00F1a genocida, conocida como Al-Anfal, para expulsar a los combatientes kurdos y vengarse de la poblaci\u00F3n kurda, un acto que a menudo se describe como el genocidio kurdo, con un estimado de 50.000 a 200.000 v\u00EDctimas. Despu\u00E9s de la Guerra del Golfo, una serie de levantamientos destrozaron Irak, pero solo los kurdos lograron lograr un estatus de autonom\u00EDa no reconocida dentro de una de las zonas de exclusi\u00F3n a\u00E9rea iraqu\u00EDes, establecidas por la coalici\u00F3n liderada por Estados Unidos. A mediados de la d\u00E9cada de 1990, el conflicto entre el PDK y el UPK estall\u00F3 una vez m\u00E1s, dando lugar a una sangrienta guerra civil, que finaliz\u00F3 en 1997. A pesar del reconocimiento mutuo despu\u00E9s de la guerra de Irak de 2003 que derroc\u00F3 al gobierno de Ba'ath, las relaciones entre el Kurdist\u00E1n iraqu\u00ED y el gobierno central iraqu\u00ED se tensaron entre 2011 y 2012 debido a problemas de poder compartido y la exportaci\u00F3n de petr\u00F3leo."@es . . . . . . . . "424000"^^ . "48,000 (1969)" . "Nawshirwan Mustafa"@en . "90,000 (1974)" . "180,000 (1978)" . . . . . . . . . "*Mukhabarat" . . . "----\n Kingdom of Iraq\n----\n Iraqi Republic\n----\n Ba'athist Iraq\n* Republican Guard\n* Iraqi Army\n* Iraqi Police\n* Mukhabarat\n* National Defense Battalions \n MEK"@en . . . "----"@en . . . . "1000000"^^ . "ICP"@en . . "Enforcing No-Fly Zone per UNSC Resolution 688:\n* \n* \n* \n*"@en . . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062F\u064A"@ar . . . "6,000 (1970)" . . "Uthman Abd-Asis"@en . "Ali Hassan al-Majid"@en . "Iraqi Republic" . . . . "Iraqi\u2013Kurdish conflict"@en . . . . "180000"^^ . . "Tariq Aziz"@en . "*" . "Taha Yassin Ramadan"@en . . "*Kurdish Civil Warfrom 1994 to 1998 with Iraqi involvement in 1995" . . . . . . . "KDP:" . "ICP" . . "\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064A\u2013\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062F\u064A \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0645\u0631\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0636\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0628\u062F\u0623 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u062E\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062B\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062F 1961 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064A 2003\u060C \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u062F\u0633\u062A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062A \u0645\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0628\u062F\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064A-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062F\u064A \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0629 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\u0644\u0627\u062C\u0626\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0645\u062D\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0642\u064A\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063A\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u062D\u0645\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0641\u064A 1943\u060C \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u0639\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062A\u0647\u0627\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0646\u0641\u064A \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064A\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060C \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062D\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062F \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062F."@ar . . . . . "50000"^^ . "Abdul Aziz al-Hakim\n\n John Shalikashvili"@en . . . . "O conflito curdo-iraquiano consiste em uma s\u00E9rie de guerras e revoltas, que come\u00E7aram na d\u00E9cada de 1960 com o retorno de Mustafa Barzani do ex\u00EDlio e a erup\u00E7\u00E3o da Primeira Guerra Curdo-Iraquiana."@pt . . . . . . "Tahir Yahya"@en . . "Les Kurdes, peuple sans \u00C9tat, ont d\u00E9velopp\u00E9 au XXe si\u00E8cle un mouvement visant \u00E0 l'autonomie ou \u00E0 l'ind\u00E9pendance de la r\u00E9gion kurde d'Irak. Ce mouvement, avec sa branche arm\u00E9e, les peshmergas, soutient une s\u00E9rie d'insurrections ponctu\u00E9es de tr\u00EAves sous la R\u00E9publique d'Irak pendant une grande partie du XXe si\u00E8cle avec une intensification du conflit entre 1961 et 1991. Malgr\u00E9 les dures campagnes de r\u00E9pression men\u00E9es par l'arm\u00E9e irakienne, ces insurrections aboutissent \u00E0 l'autonomie de la R\u00E9gion du Kurdistan \u00E0 partir de 1991 puis de mani\u00E8re renforc\u00E9e durant les ann\u00E9es 2000 apr\u00E8s la guerre d'Irak."@fr . "Mohsen Rezaee"@en . "163800"^^ . "The Iraqi\u2013Kurdish conflict consists of a series of wars and rebellions by the Kurds against the central authority of Iraq during the 20th century, which began shortly after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I and lasting until the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003. Some put the marking point of the conflict beginning to the attempt by Mahmud Barzanji to establish an independent Kingdom of Kurdistan, while others relate to the conflict as only the post-1961 insurrection by the Barzanis. The conflict lasted until the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003, though tensions between the Kurdish autonomy and the central Iraqi government have continued. The first chapter of the Iraqi\u2013Kurdish dispute followed the end of World War I and the arrival of British forces. Mahmud Barzanji began secession attempts in 1919 and in 1922 proclaimed the short-lived Kingdom of Kurdistan. Though Mahmud's insurrections were defeated, another Kurdish sheikh, Ahmed Barzani, began to actively oppose the central rule of the Mandatory Iraq during the 1920s. The first of the major Barzani revolts took place in 1931, after Barzani, one of the most prominent Kurdish leaders in Northern Iraq, succeeded in defeating a number of other Kurdish tribes. He ultimately failed and took refuge in Turkey. The next serious Kurdish secession attempt was made by Ahmed Barzani's younger brother Mustafa Barzani in 1943, but that revolt failed as well, resulting in the exiling of Mustafa to Iran, where he participated in an attempt to form the Kurdish Republic of Mahabad. In 1958, Mustafa Barzani and his fighters returned to Iraq from exile, and an attempt was made to negotiate Kurdish autonomy in the north with the new Iraqi administration of Gen. Qasim. The negotiations ultimately failed and the First Iraqi\u2013Kurdish War erupted on 11 September 1961, lasting until 1970 and inflicting 75,000\u2013105,000 casualties. Despite the attempts to resolve the conflict by providing Kurds with a recognized autonomy in north Iraq (Iraqi Kurdistan), the negotiations failed in 1974, resulting in resumed hostilities known as the Second Iraqi\u2013Kurdish War, which resulted in the collapse of the Kurdish militias and the reconquest of northern Iraq by Iraqi government troops. As a result, Mustafa Barzani and most of the KDP leadership fled to Iran, while PUK gained power in the vacuum, leading an insurgency campaign against the central Iraqi government. Since 1976 PUK and KDP relations quickly deteriorated, reaching the climax in April 1978, when PUK troops suffered a major defeat by KDP, which had the support of Iranian and Iraqi air forces. During this period, the Ba'athist authorities took the opportunity to perform large-scale displacement and colonization projects in North Iraq, aiming to shift demographics and thus destabilize Kurdish power bases. The conflict re-emerged as part of the Iran\u2013Iraq War, with the Kurdish parties collaborating against Saddam Husein and KDP also gaining military support by the Islamic Republic of Iran. By 1986 Iraqi leadership grew tired of the strengthening and non-loyal Kurdish entity in north Iraq and began a genocidal campaign, known as Al-Anfal, to oust the Kurdish fighters and take revenge on the Kurdish population\u2014an act often described as the Kurdish genocide, with an estimated 50,000\u2013200,000 casualties. In the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War, a series of uprisings shattered Iraq, but only the Kurds succeeded in achieving a status of unrecognized autonomy within one of the Iraqi no-fly zones, established by the US-led coalition. In the mid-1990s the conflict between the KDP and PUK erupted once again, resulting in a bloody civil war, which ended in 1997. Despite mutual recognition after the 2003 Iraq war which ousted Ba'ath rule, relations between Iraqi Kurdistan and the Iraqi central government grew strained between 2011 and 2012 due to power-sharing issues and the export of oil."@en . . . ""@en . "SCIRI" . "Massoud Rajavi"@en . . . . "Mandatory Iraq" . . "15,000\u201320,000 (1962)" . "100,000 (1991)" . "(before 1988)" . . . . "The Iraqi\u2013Kurdish conflict consists of a series of wars and rebellions by the Kurds against the central authority of Iraq during the 20th century, which began shortly after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I and lasting until the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003. Some put the marking point of the conflict beginning to the attempt by Mahmud Barzanji to establish an independent Kingdom of Kurdistan, while others relate to the conflict as only the post-1961 insurrection by the Barzanis. The conflict lasted until the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003, though tensions between the Kurdish autonomy and the central Iraqi government have continued."@en . "Military of Iraq" . "PUK"@en . "Military of Iraq"@en . "382,500 (1992)" . . "Formation of Kurdistan Region\n* Iraqi withdrawal from Kurdish territory in 1991; Kurds gain de facto autonomy\n* Kurdish Civil War from 1994 to 1998 with Iraqi involvement in 1995\n* Peshmerga assist coalition forces during 2003 invasion of Iraq; overthrow of Ba'ath rule\n* Kurdistan Regional Government recognized by the Iraqi central government in 2005\n* Iraq recaptures 20% of the territory controlled by the Kurdistan Region including Kirkuk after the 2017 Iraqi-Kurdish conflict"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Idris Barzani"@en . . "22"^^ . . "382500"^^ . . . . "(1961\u20131970)" . . . . . "*Kurdistan Regional Governmentrecognized by the Iraqi central government in 2005" . . . "Abdul Rahman Arif"@en . "50,000-60,000 (1974)" . . . . . . . "Formation ofKurdistan Region" . . . . . "O conflito curdo-iraquiano consiste em uma s\u00E9rie de guerras e revoltas, que come\u00E7aram na d\u00E9cada de 1960 com o retorno de Mustafa Barzani do ex\u00EDlio e a erup\u00E7\u00E3o da Primeira Guerra Curdo-Iraquiana."@pt . . "\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064A\u2013\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062F\u064A \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0645\u0631\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0636\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0628\u062F\u0623 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u062E\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062B\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0645\u0631 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064A 2003. \u064A\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062F\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0647\u064A \u0645\u062D\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062D\u0645\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0641\u064A\u062F \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u062F\u0633\u062A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060C \u0641\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u062E\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062F\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u062A\u062F\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062A\u0645\u0631\u062F \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062F 1961 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064A 2003\u060C \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u062A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u062F\u0633\u062A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062A \u0645\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629."@ar . "Uday Hussein"@en . "KDP" . . "Ba'athist Iraq" . . . . . . . . "Ibrahim Ahmad"@en . . . . . . "Abdul Salam Arif"@en . "Aziz Muhammad"@en . . . . "*Peshmergaassistcoalition forces during2003 invasion of Iraq; overthrow of Ba'ath rule" . . . . . . . . . . . . "300000"^^ . . . . . "*Iraqi Army" . . "Babakir Zebari"@en . "Ahmad Challabi"@en . . "Conflit kurde en Irak"@fr . . . "*Republican Guard" . . "*National Defense Battalions(until 1991)" . "48000"^^ . . . . . . . . "* Iraqi withdrawal from Kurdish territory in 1991; Kurds gain de facto autonomy" . . . .