. "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram (27 June 1850 \u2013 29 April 1916) was a Danish actuary and mathematician who was born in , Duchy of Schleswig, Denmark and died in Copenhagen, Denmark. Important papers of his include On series expansions determined by the methods of least squares, and Investigations of the number of primes less than a given number. The mathematical method that bears his name, the Gram\u2013Schmidt process, was first published in the former paper, in 1883. For number theorists his main fame is the series for the Riemann zeta function (the leading function in Riemann's exact prime-counting function). Instead of using a series of logarithmic integrals, Gram's function uses logarithm powers and the zeta function of positive integers. It has recently been supplanted by a formula of Ramanujan that uses the Bernoulli numbers directly instead of the zeta function. In control theory, the Gramian or Gram matrix is an important contribution named after him. The Controllability Gramian and Observability Gramian are both important in the analysis of the stability of control systems. The Gram matrix is also important in deep learning, where it is used to represent the distribution of features in style transfer. Gram was the first mathematician to provide a systematic theory of the development of skew frequency curves, showing that the normal symmetric Gaussian error curve was but one special case of a more general class of frequency curves. Gram's theorem, the Gram\u2013Charlier series, and Gram points are also named after him. He died on his way to a meeting of the Royal Danish Academy after being struck by a bicycle."@en . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram, f\u00F6dd 27 juni 1850 i p\u00E5 Jylland, d\u00F6d 29 april 1929 i K\u00F6penhamn, var en dansk matematiker och f\u00F6rs\u00E4kringsman. Han var far till Peder Gram. Gram anst\u00E4lldes 1875 efter studier i matematik vid livf\u00F6rs\u00E4kringsbolaget Hafnia. Efter grundandet av olycksfallsf\u00F6rs\u00E4kringsbolaget Skjold blev han dettas direkt\u00F6r 1884-1910. Fr\u00E5n 1910 var han direkt\u00F6r f\u00F6r danska Forskikringsraadet. Bland hans talrika vetenskapliga arbeten m\u00E4rks Om R\u00E6kkeudviklinger, bestemte ved de minst Kvadraters Methode (1879) och Unders\u00F8gelser angaaende M\u00E6ngden af Primtal under en given Gr\u00E6nse (1884)."@sv . . . . "\u064A\u0648\u0631\u063A\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u062F\u0631\u0633\u0646 \u062C\u0631\u0627\u0645 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0629: J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram)\u200F \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u064A\u0627\u0636\u064A\u0627\u062A\u064A \u062F\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0644\u062F \u0641\u064A 27 \u064A\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0648 1850 \u0641\u064A Haderslev Municipality \u200F \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0648\u0641\u064A \u0641\u064A 29 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0644 1916 \u0641\u064A \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u063A\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062D\u0627\u062F\u062B \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631."@ar . . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram (* 27. Juni 1850 in bei Haderslev; \u2020 29. April 1916 in Kopenhagen) war ein d\u00E4nischer Mathematiker."@de . . . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram"@de . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram (27. \u010Dervna 1850 , D\u00E1nsko \u2013 29. dubna 1916 Koda\u0148, D\u00E1nsko) byl d\u00E1nsk\u00FD matematik. Je zn\u00E1m\u00FD zejm\u00E9na d\u00EDky Gramov\u011B-Schmidtov\u011B ortogonaliza\u010Dn\u00EDmu procesu na nalezen\u00ED ortonorm\u00E1ln\u00ED b\u00E1ze unit\u00E1rn\u00EDho prostoru. Pracoval tak\u00E9 v oblasti teorie \u010D\u00EDsel a jeho jm\u00E9no nesou tak\u00E9 Gramovy matice."@cs . . . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram"@fr . . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram (Haderslev, 27 de junho de 1850 \u2013 Copenhagen, 29 de abril de 1916) foi um atu\u00E1rio e matem\u00E1tico dinamarqu\u00EAs que nasceu em Nustrup, no Ducado de Schleswig, Dinamarca e morreu aos 65 anos em Copenhagen, Dinamarca."@pt . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram"@en . "\uC694\uB974\uAC90 \uD398\uB370\uC13C \uADF8\uB7A8(\uC608\uB974\uAC90 \uD398\uB370\uB974\uC13C \uADF8\uB78C, J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram, 1850\uB144 6\uC6D4 27\uC77C - 1916\uB144 4\uC6D4 29\uC77C)\uC740 \uB374\uB9C8\uD06C\uC758 \uC290\uB808\uC2A4\uBE44\uD788 \uACF5\uAD6D \uB204\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB8F9(Nuchrup)\uC5D0\uC11C \uD0DC\uC5B4\uB0AC\uC73C\uBA70 \uB374\uB9C8\uD06C \uCF54\uD39C\uD558\uAC90\uC5D0\uC11C \uC0AC\uB9DD\uD55C \uB374\uB9C8\uD06C\uC758 \uBCF4\uD5D8\uACC4\uB9AC\uC0AC\uC774\uC790 \uC218\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uADF8\uC758 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uB17C\uBB38\uC740 \uCD5C\uC18C\uC81C\uACF1\uBC95\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uACB0\uC815\uB418\uB294 \uC77C\uB828\uC758 \uC804\uAC1C \uC640 \uC8FC\uC5B4\uC9C4 \uC218\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uC791\uC740 \uC18C\uC218\uC758 \uC870\uC0AC\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC5F0\uAD6C\uB97C \uD3EC\uD568\uD55C\uB2E4. \uADF8\uC758 \uC774\uB984\uC744 \uC9C0\uB2CC \uC218\uD559\uC801 \uBC29\uBC95 \uC778 \uADF8\uB78C-\uC288\uBBF8\uD2B8 \uACFC\uC815\uC740 1883\uB144\uC5D0 \uC774\uC804\uC758 \uB17C\uBB38\uC5D0\uC11C \uCC98\uC74C \uCD9C\uD310\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC640 \uADF8\uB78C \uD589\uB82C\uC740 \uADF8 \uC774\uB984\uC744 \uB530\uC11C \uC9C0\uC5B4\uC84C\uB2E4. \uC218 \uC774\uB860\uAC00\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0\uC5D0\uC11C \uADF8\uC758 \uC8FC\uC694 \uBA85\uC131\uC740 \uB9AC\uB9CC \uC81C\uD0C0 \uD568\uC218 ( \uB9AC\uB9CC(Riemann)\uC758 \uC815\uD655\uD55C \uC18C\uC218 \uACC4\uB7C9 \uD568\uC218\uC758 \uC8FC\uC694 \uD568\uC218)\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC2DC\uB9AC\uC988\uC774\uB2E4. \uC77C\uB828\uC758 \uB300\uC218 \uC801\uBD84\uC744 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uB300\uC2E0 \uADF8\uB7A8(Gram)\uC758 \uD568\uC218\uB294 \uB85C\uADF8 \uD568\uC218\uC640 \uC591\uC758 \uC815\uC218\uC758 \uC81C\uD0C0 \uD568\uC218\uB97C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD55C\uB2E4. \uCD5C\uADFC\uC5D0 \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC81C\uD0C0 \uD568\uC218 \uB300\uC2E0 \uBCA0\uB974\uB204\uC774(Bernoulli) \uC218\uB97C \uC9C1\uC811 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uB77C\uB9C8\uB204\uC794(Ramanujan) \uACF5\uC2DD\uC73C\uB85C \uB300\uCCB4\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uC548\uD0C0\uAE4C\uC6B4 \uC8FD\uC74C\uC744 \uB9DE\uC774\uD588\uB294\uB370, \uB2EC\uB824\uC624\uB294 \uC790\uC804\uAC70\uC5D0 \uBD80\uB51B\uCE5C\uAC83\uC774 \uC6D0\uC778\uC774 \uB418\uC5B4 \uC0AC\uB9DD\uD55C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uC804\uD574\uC9C4\uB2E4."@ko . . . "\u064A\u0648\u0631\u063A\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u062F\u0631\u0633\u0646 \u062C\u0631\u0627\u0645 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0629: J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram)\u200F \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u064A\u0627\u0636\u064A\u0627\u062A\u064A \u062F\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0644\u062F \u0641\u064A 27 \u064A\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0648 1850 \u0641\u064A Haderslev Municipality \u200F \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0648\u0641\u064A \u0641\u064A 29 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0644 1916 \u0641\u064A \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u063A\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062D\u0627\u062F\u062B \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram (27. \u010Dervna 1850 , D\u00E1nsko \u2013 29. dubna 1916 Koda\u0148, D\u00E1nsko) byl d\u00E1nsk\u00FD matematik. Je zn\u00E1m\u00FD zejm\u00E9na d\u00EDky Gramov\u011B-Schmidtov\u011B ortogonaliza\u010Dn\u00EDmu procesu na nalezen\u00ED ortonorm\u00E1ln\u00ED b\u00E1ze unit\u00E1rn\u00EDho prostoru. Pracoval tak\u00E9 v oblasti teorie \u010D\u00EDsel a jeho jm\u00E9no nesou tak\u00E9 Gramovy matice."@cs . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram (Nustrup, 27 de juny de 1850 - Copenhaguen, 29 d'abril de 1916) va ser un matem\u00E0tic dan\u00E8s."@ca . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram \u00E8 stato un matematico ed attuario danese. Tra i suoi studi si ricordano le espansioni in serie determinate dai metodi dei minimi quadrati, i numeri primi minori di un dato numero e le serie per la funzione zeta di Riemann. Il processo di ortogonalizzazione che porta il suo nome assieme a quello di Erhard Schmidt venne pubblicato per la prima volta nel 1883. Mor\u00EC a 66 anni dopo essere stato investito da una bicicletta."@it . "\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043C, \u0419\u0451\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043D \u041F\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043D"@ru . "\u0419\u0451\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043D \u041F\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043D \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043C (\u0434\u0430\u0442. J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram ; 27 \u0438\u044E\u043D\u044F 1850 \u2014 29 \u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043B\u044F 1916) \u2014 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A. \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u2014 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430, \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043B \u0438 \u043B\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0439\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0430\u043B\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430."@ru . . . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram (Nustrup, 27 de juny de 1850 - Copenhaguen, 29 d'abril de 1916) va ser un matem\u00E0tic dan\u00E8s."@ca . . . . . "3573"^^ . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram (27 June 1850 \u2013 29 April 1916) was a Danish actuary and mathematician who was born in , Duchy of Schleswig, Denmark and died in Copenhagen, Denmark. Important papers of his include On series expansions determined by the methods of least squares, and Investigations of the number of primes less than a given number. The mathematical method that bears his name, the Gram\u2013Schmidt process, was first published in the former paper, in 1883. Gram's theorem, the Gram\u2013Charlier series, and Gram points are also named after him."@en . "\u0419\u0451\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043D \u041F\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043D \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043C (\u0434\u0430\u0442. J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram ; 27 \u0438\u044E\u043D\u044F 1850 \u2014 29 \u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043B\u044F 1916) \u2014 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A. \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u2014 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430, \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043B \u0438 \u043B\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0439\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0430\u043B\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430."@ru . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram (Nustrup, 27 juni 1850 - Kopenhagen, 29 april 1916) was een Deens wiskundige en actuaris. Gram was de zoon van een landbouwer. Hij bezocht de kathedraalschool te Ribe. Vanaf 1868 studeerde hij wiskunde te Kopenhagen. Hij ontving zijn diploma in 1873. Een jaar later verscheen zijn eerste publicatie over de invariantentheorie in het Tidskrift for Mathematik en de Mathematischen Annalen. Vanaf 1875 werkte hij voor de verzekeringsmaatschappij Hafnia. In 1879 promoveerde hij op een proefschrift over oneindige reeksen en de methode van de kleinste kwadraten. Dit werk verscheen in Crelles Journal f\u00FCr Reine und Angewandte Mathematik."@nl . . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram (Haderslev, 27 de junho de 1850 \u2013 Copenhagen, 29 de abril de 1916) foi um atu\u00E1rio e matem\u00E1tico dinamarqu\u00EAs que nasceu em Nustrup, no Ducado de Schleswig, Dinamarca e morreu aos 65 anos em Copenhagen, Dinamarca."@pt . . . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram"@en . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram (Nustrup, 27 juni 1850 - Kopenhagen, 29 april 1916) was een Deens wiskundige en actuaris. Gram was de zoon van een landbouwer. Hij bezocht de kathedraalschool te Ribe. Vanaf 1868 studeerde hij wiskunde te Kopenhagen. Hij ontving zijn diploma in 1873. Een jaar later verscheen zijn eerste publicatie over de invariantentheorie in het Tidskrift for Mathematik en de Mathematischen Annalen. Vanaf 1875 werkte hij voor de verzekeringsmaatschappij Hafnia. In 1879 promoveerde hij op een proefschrift over oneindige reeksen en de methode van de kleinste kwadraten. Dit werk verscheen in Crelles Journal f\u00FCr Reine und Angewandte Mathematik. Hij publiceerde ook over bosbouw, waarbij hij zowel de wiskundige kant onderzocht, maar ook zelf proeven met bomen uitvoerde om zijn modellen bij te stellen. In 1884 stichtte hij zijn eigen verzekeringsmaatschappij Skjold. Hij bleef er tot in 1910 directeur. Toch werkte hij nog voor Hafnia, waar hij van 1895 tot 1910 in het bestuur zetelde. Van 1910 tot 1916 was hij voorzitter van de raad van Deense verzekeringen. Gram was niet aan een universiteit verbonden, maar gaf wel lezingen voor het Deense wiskundige genootschap en gaf van 1883 tot 1889 het Tidskrift for Mathematik uit. Hij recenseerde ook Deense wiskundige werken voor het jaarboek over vooruitgang in de wiskunde. In 1909 werd hij tot ridder geslagen in de Orde van de Dannebrog. Gram trouwde in 1879. Na de dood van zijn vrouw hertrouwde hij in 1896. Hij was vanaf 1888 lid van de Deense Academie voor Wetenschappen en was daar jarenlang penningmeester.In 1884 ontving hij hun gouden medaille voor zijn werk over de verdeling van priemgetallen. Gram stierf op weg naar een vergadering van de Deense Academie voor Wetenschappen toen hij werd aangereden door een fiets. Hij is het meest bekend van de Gram-Schmidtmethode voor orthogonalisatie en van zijn reeks voor de z\u00E8tafunctie."@nl . "1850-06-27"^^ . . . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram (* 27. Juni 1850 in bei Haderslev; \u2020 29. April 1916 in Kopenhagen) war ein d\u00E4nischer Mathematiker."@de . . "1082552409"^^ . . . . . . "1916-04-29"^^ . . . "\uC608\uB974\uAC90 \uD398\uB370\uB974\uC13C \uADF8\uB78C"@ko . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram"@it . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram"@nl . . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram \u00E8 stato un matematico ed attuario danese. Tra i suoi studi si ricordano le espansioni in serie determinate dai metodi dei minimi quadrati, i numeri primi minori di un dato numero e le serie per la funzione zeta di Riemann. Il processo di ortogonalizzazione che porta il suo nome assieme a quello di Erhard Schmidt venne pubblicato per la prima volta nel 1883. Mor\u00EC a 66 anni dopo essere stato investito da una bicicletta."@it . . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram"@cs . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram"@ca . "\u30E8\u30EB\u30B2\u30F3\u30FB\u30DA\u30C0\u30FC\u30BB\u30F3\u30FB\u30B0\u30E9\u30E0\uFF08J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram\u30011850\u5E746\u670827\u65E5 - 1916\u5E744\u670829\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30C7\u30F3\u30DE\u30FC\u30AF\u306E\u6570\u5B66\u8005\u3001\u6CD5\u5B66\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram est un math\u00E9maticien danois n\u00E9 le 27 juin 1850 \u00E0 Nustrup (pr\u00E8s de Haderslev) et mort le 29 avril 1916 \u00E0 Copenhague."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram est un math\u00E9maticien danois n\u00E9 le 27 juin 1850 \u00E0 Nustrup (pr\u00E8s de Haderslev) et mort le 29 avril 1916 \u00E0 Copenhague."@fr . . . . "\u30E8\u30EB\u30B2\u30F3\u30FB\u30DA\u30C0\u30FC\u30BB\u30F3\u30FB\u30B0\u30E9\u30E0"@ja . . . "1850-06-27"^^ . "\u064A\u0648\u0631\u063A\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u062F\u0631\u0633\u0646 \u062C\u0631\u0627\u0645"@ar . "\u30E8\u30EB\u30B2\u30F3\u30FB\u30DA\u30C0\u30FC\u30BB\u30F3\u30FB\u30B0\u30E9\u30E0\uFF08J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram\u30011850\u5E746\u670827\u65E5 - 1916\u5E744\u670829\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30C7\u30F3\u30DE\u30FC\u30AF\u306E\u6570\u5B66\u8005\u3001\u6CD5\u5B66\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "851232"^^ . . . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram"@sv . . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram, f\u00F6dd 27 juni 1850 i p\u00E5 Jylland, d\u00F6d 29 april 1929 i K\u00F6penhamn, var en dansk matematiker och f\u00F6rs\u00E4kringsman. Han var far till Peder Gram. Gram anst\u00E4lldes 1875 efter studier i matematik vid livf\u00F6rs\u00E4kringsbolaget Hafnia. Efter grundandet av olycksfallsf\u00F6rs\u00E4kringsbolaget Skjold blev han dettas direkt\u00F6r 1884-1910. Fr\u00E5n 1910 var han direkt\u00F6r f\u00F6r danska Forskikringsraadet. Bland hans talrika vetenskapliga arbeten m\u00E4rks Om R\u00E6kkeudviklinger, bestemte ved de minst Kvadraters Methode (1879) och Unders\u00F8gelser angaaende M\u00E6ngden af Primtal under en given Gr\u00E6nse (1884)."@sv . . . . . . . . . "Nustrup, Duchy of Schleswig, Denmark"@en . . . "J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram"@en . . . "\uC694\uB974\uAC90 \uD398\uB370\uC13C \uADF8\uB7A8(\uC608\uB974\uAC90 \uD398\uB370\uB974\uC13C \uADF8\uB78C, J\u00F8rgen Pedersen Gram, 1850\uB144 6\uC6D4 27\uC77C - 1916\uB144 4\uC6D4 29\uC77C)\uC740 \uB374\uB9C8\uD06C\uC758 \uC290\uB808\uC2A4\uBE44\uD788 \uACF5\uAD6D \uB204\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB8F9(Nuchrup)\uC5D0\uC11C \uD0DC\uC5B4\uB0AC\uC73C\uBA70 \uB374\uB9C8\uD06C \uCF54\uD39C\uD558\uAC90\uC5D0\uC11C \uC0AC\uB9DD\uD55C \uB374\uB9C8\uD06C\uC758 \uBCF4\uD5D8\uACC4\uB9AC\uC0AC\uC774\uC790 \uC218\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uADF8\uC758 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uB17C\uBB38\uC740 \uCD5C\uC18C\uC81C\uACF1\uBC95\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uACB0\uC815\uB418\uB294 \uC77C\uB828\uC758 \uC804\uAC1C \uC640 \uC8FC\uC5B4\uC9C4 \uC218\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uC791\uC740 \uC18C\uC218\uC758 \uC870\uC0AC\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC5F0\uAD6C\uB97C \uD3EC\uD568\uD55C\uB2E4. \uADF8\uC758 \uC774\uB984\uC744 \uC9C0\uB2CC \uC218\uD559\uC801 \uBC29\uBC95 \uC778 \uADF8\uB78C-\uC288\uBBF8\uD2B8 \uACFC\uC815\uC740 1883\uB144\uC5D0 \uC774\uC804\uC758 \uB17C\uBB38\uC5D0\uC11C \uCC98\uC74C \uCD9C\uD310\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC640 \uADF8\uB78C \uD589\uB82C\uC740 \uADF8 \uC774\uB984\uC744 \uB530\uC11C \uC9C0\uC5B4\uC84C\uB2E4. \uC218 \uC774\uB860\uAC00\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0\uC5D0\uC11C \uADF8\uC758 \uC8FC\uC694 \uBA85\uC131\uC740 \uB9AC\uB9CC \uC81C\uD0C0 \uD568\uC218 ( \uB9AC\uB9CC(Riemann)\uC758 \uC815\uD655\uD55C \uC18C\uC218 \uACC4\uB7C9 \uD568\uC218\uC758 \uC8FC\uC694 \uD568\uC218)\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC2DC\uB9AC\uC988\uC774\uB2E4. \uC77C\uB828\uC758 \uB300\uC218 \uC801\uBD84\uC744 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uB300\uC2E0 \uADF8\uB7A8(Gram)\uC758 \uD568\uC218\uB294 \uB85C\uADF8 \uD568\uC218\uC640 \uC591\uC758 \uC815\uC218\uC758 \uC81C\uD0C0 \uD568\uC218\uB97C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD55C\uB2E4. \uCD5C\uADFC\uC5D0 \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC81C\uD0C0 \uD568\uC218 \uB300\uC2E0 \uBCA0\uB974\uB204\uC774(Bernoulli) \uC218\uB97C \uC9C1\uC811 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uB77C\uB9C8\uB204\uC794(Ramanujan) \uACF5\uC2DD\uC73C\uB85C \uB300\uCCB4\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7A8\uC740 \uC2A4\uD050 \uC8FC\uD30C\uC218 \uACE1\uC120 \uAC1C\uBC1C\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uCCB4\uACC4\uC801\uC778 \uC774\uB860\uC744 \uC81C\uACF5\uD55C \uCD5C\uCD08\uC758 \uC218\uD559\uC790\uC600\uC73C\uBA70 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC778 \uB300\uCE6D \uAC00\uC6B0\uC2A4 \uC624\uCC28 \uACE1\uC120(error curve)\uC740 \uBCF4\uB2E4 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC778 \uC8FC\uD30C\uC218 \uACE1\uC120 \uD074\uB798\uC2A4\uC758 \uD2B9\uC218\uD55C \uACBD\uC6B0\uC600\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uC548\uD0C0\uAE4C\uC6B4 \uC8FD\uC74C\uC744 \uB9DE\uC774\uD588\uB294\uB370, \uB2EC\uB824\uC624\uB294 \uC790\uC804\uAC70\uC5D0 \uBD80\uB51B\uCE5C\uAC83\uC774 \uC6D0\uC778\uC774 \uB418\uC5B4 \uC0AC\uB9DD\uD55C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uC804\uD574\uC9C4\uB2E4."@ko . "1916-04-29"^^ . . .