. . . . . . . . . . "La cer\u00E1mica y la porcelana japonesa (\u9676\u78C1\u5668, japon\u00E9s Tojiki; tambi\u00E9n \u713C\u304D\u3082\u306E, japon\u00E9s Yakimono; \u9676\u82B8, japon\u00E9s t\u014Dgei), representan una de las formas de arte m\u00E1s antiguas de Jap\u00F3n, se remonta al per\u00EDodo del Neol\u00EDtico. Los hornos han producido lozas, gres, esmaltes, porcelanas y otros elementos y formas cer\u00E1micas."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "52402"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La ceramica giapponese (\u9676\u78C1\u5668 tojiki?) \u00E8 una delle pi\u00F9 antiche forme d'arte del paese, risalente al periodo neolitico. I forni hanno prodotto terrecotte, ceramiche, gr\u00E8s, ceramiche vetrinate, gr\u00E8s vetrinato, porcellane e porcellane bianche e blu."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La cer\u00E1mica y la porcelana japonesa (\u9676\u78C1\u5668, japon\u00E9s Tojiki; tambi\u00E9n \u713C\u304D\u3082\u306E, japon\u00E9s Yakimono; \u9676\u82B8, japon\u00E9s t\u014Dgei), representan una de las formas de arte m\u00E1s antiguas de Jap\u00F3n, se remonta al per\u00EDodo del Neol\u00EDtico. Los hornos han producido lozas, gres, esmaltes, porcelanas y otros elementos y formas cer\u00E1micas."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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\u043A\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044C\u043C\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0439, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0431\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044F \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u043C, \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0448\u0438\u043C \u0432 \u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043D\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044E \u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 \u041C\u044D\u0439\u0434\u0437\u0438. \u0423\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0448\u043D\u043E \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043D\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0438\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0439."@ru . . . . . . . . "Japanese pottery and porcelain"@en . . . . . . . . "Ceramica giapponese"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Pottery and porcelain (\u9676\u78C1\u5668, t\u014Djiki, also yakimono (\u713C\u304D\u3082\u306E), or t\u014Dgei (\u9676\u82B8)), is one of the oldest Japanese crafts and art forms, dating back to the Neolithic period. Kilns have produced earthenware, pottery, stoneware, glazed pottery, glazed stoneware, porcelain, and blue-and-white ware. Japan has an exceptionally long and successful history of ceramic production. Earthenwares were made as early as the J\u014Dmon period (10,500\u2013300 BC), giving Japan one of the oldest ceramic traditions in the world. Japan is further distinguished by the unusual esteem that ceramics holds within its artistic tradition, owing to the enduring popularity of the tea ceremony. Japanese ceramic history records distinguished many potter names, and some were artist-potters, e.g. Hon'ami K\u014Detsu, Ogata Kenzan, and . Japanese anagama kilns also have flourished through the ages, and their influence weighs with that of the potters. Another characteristically Japanese aspect of the art is the continuing popularity of unglazed high-fired stoneware even after porcelain became popular. Since the 4th century, Japanese ceramics have often been influenced by Chinese and Korean pottery. Japan transformed and translated the Chinese and Korean prototypes into a uniquely Japanese creation, and the result was distinctly Japanese in character. Since the mid-17th century when Japan started to industrialize, high-quality standard wares produced in factories became popular exports to Europe. In the 20th century, a modern ceramics industry (e.g., Noritake and Toto Ltd.) grew up. Japanese pottery is distinguished by two polarised aesthetic traditions. On the one hand, there is a tradition of very simple and roughly finished pottery, mostly in earthenware and using a muted palette of earth colours. This relates to Zen Buddhism and many of the greatest masters were priests, especially in early periods. Many pieces are also related to the Japanese tea ceremony and embody the aesthetic principles of wabi-sabi. Most raku ware, where the final decoration is partly random, is in this tradition. The other tradition is of highly finished and brightly coloured factory wares, mostly in porcelain, with complex and balanced decoration, which develops Chinese porcelain styles in a distinct way. A third tradition, of simple but perfectly formed and glazed stonewares, also relates more closely to both Chinese and Korean traditions. In the 16th century, a number of styles of traditional utilitarian rustic wares then in production became admired for their simplicity, and their forms have often been kept in production to the present day for a collectors market."@en . . "Pottery and porcelain (\u9676\u78C1\u5668, t\u014Djiki, also yakimono (\u713C\u304D\u3082\u306E), or t\u014Dgei (\u9676\u82B8)), is one of the oldest Japanese crafts and art forms, dating back to the Neolithic period. Kilns have produced earthenware, pottery, stoneware, glazed pottery, glazed stoneware, porcelain, and blue-and-white ware. Japan has an exceptionally long and successful history of ceramic production. Earthenwares were made as early as the J\u014Dmon period (10,500\u2013300 BC), giving Japan one of the oldest ceramic traditions in the world. Japan is further distinguished by the unusual esteem that ceramics holds within its artistic tradition, owing to the enduring popularity of the tea ceremony."@en . . . . . . "La ceramica giapponese (\u9676\u78C1\u5668 tojiki?) \u00E8 una delle pi\u00F9 antiche forme d'arte del paese, risalente al periodo neolitico. I forni hanno prodotto terrecotte, ceramiche, gr\u00E8s, ceramiche vetrinate, gr\u00E8s vetrinato, porcellane e porcellane bianche e blu."@it . . "494922"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La c\u00E9ramique japonaise (\u9676\u78C1\u5668, tojiki), yakimono (\u713C\u304D\u3082\u306E) ou t\u014Dgei (\u9676\u82B8) est l'une des formes d'art les plus anciennes du Japon. Elle remonte \u00E0 la p\u00E9riode J\u014Dmon (vers 15 000 - 300 av. notre \u00E8re). La production s'est poursuivie sans discontinuer jusqu'\u00E0 l'\u00E9poque actuelle, donnant une large gamme de terres cuites brutes ou verniss\u00E9es, poteries, gr\u00E8s et porcelaines selon des techniques de tradition japonaise mais aussi import\u00E9es ou inspir\u00E9es par les c\u00E9ramiques cor\u00E9ennes, chinoises et tha\u00EFlandaise."@fr . . . . . . . . . "\u042F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043A\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0430"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Cer\u00E1mica y porcelana japonesa"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "A hist\u00F3ria da cer\u00E2mica japonesa \u00E9 longa e singular. A China \u00E9 o \u00FAnico pa\u00EDs que pode alegar ter uma tradi\u00E7\u00E3o mais rica neste campo (ver cer\u00E2mica chinesa). Os ceramistas japoneses foram bastante influenciados pelos artes\u00E3os chineses e coreanos, mas tamb\u00E9m ofereceram muitas contribui\u00E7\u00F5es novas e originais. Muitos deles evitaram a perfei\u00E7\u00E3o an\u00F4nima t\u00EDpica dos ceramistas chineses, procurando substitu\u00ED-la por uma qualidade de trabalho manual que expressasse a personalidade individual do seu criador."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1124523006"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La c\u00E9ramique japonaise (\u9676\u78C1\u5668, tojiki), yakimono (\u713C\u304D\u3082\u306E) ou t\u014Dgei (\u9676\u82B8) est l'une des formes d'art les plus anciennes du Japon. Elle remonte \u00E0 la p\u00E9riode J\u014Dmon (vers 15 000 - 300 av. notre \u00E8re). La production s'est poursuivie sans discontinuer jusqu'\u00E0 l'\u00E9poque actuelle, donnant une large gamme de terres cuites brutes ou verniss\u00E9es, poteries, gr\u00E8s et porcelaines selon des techniques de tradition japonaise mais aussi import\u00E9es ou inspir\u00E9es par les c\u00E9ramiques cor\u00E9ennes, chinoises et tha\u00EFlandaise."@fr . . . "Cer\u00E2mica do Jap\u00E3o"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u042F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043A\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u0435, \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u044B \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u044B \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0414\u0437\u0451\u043C\u043E\u043D (15 000 \u2014 11 800 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D.). \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u044F \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u044F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u2014 \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C, \u0432\u044B\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0447\u0430\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0438. \u0417\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043A\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0439 \u042F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0438 \u00AB\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u00BB \u0432\u043D\u0435\u0448\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043E\u043C, \u0432 \u0442\u043E\u043C \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u00AB\u0434\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438\u00BB \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0451\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0438 \u043F\u0443\u0437\u044B\u0440\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0440\u0438, \u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0434\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0435, \u0432\u044B\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044F \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u044D\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u044F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043C\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043A \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u044D\u043B\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u043A\u0440\u043E\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0442\u0435."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "C\u00E9ramique japonaise"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "A hist\u00F3ria da cer\u00E2mica japonesa \u00E9 longa e singular. A China \u00E9 o \u00FAnico pa\u00EDs que pode alegar ter uma tradi\u00E7\u00E3o mais rica neste campo (ver cer\u00E2mica chinesa). Os ceramistas japoneses foram bastante influenciados pelos artes\u00E3os chineses e coreanos, mas tamb\u00E9m ofereceram muitas contribui\u00E7\u00F5es novas e originais. Muitos deles evitaram a perfei\u00E7\u00E3o an\u00F4nima t\u00EDpica dos ceramistas chineses, procurando substitu\u00ED-la por uma qualidade de trabalho manual que expressasse a personalidade individual do seu criador."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .