. . . . "\u30B8\u30E3\u30F3\u30FB\u30B8\u30E5\u30FC\u30EB\u30FB\u30E9\u30F3\u30C0\u30F3\uFF08Jean Jules Linden\u30011817\u5E742\u670812\u65E5 - 1898\u5E741\u670812\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u30D9\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u306E\u690D\u7269\u5B66\u8005\u3001\u63A2\u691C\u5BB6\u3001\u5712\u82B8\u5BB6\u3001\u5712\u82B8\u5546\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30E9\u30F3\u306E\u5C02\u9580\u5BB6\u3067\u3001\u591A\u304F\u306E\u8457\u4F5C\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . "\u0416\u0430\u043D \u0416\u044E\u043B\u044C \u041B\u0438\u043D\u0434\u0435\u0301\u043D (\u0444\u0440. Jean Jules Linden; 3 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044F 1817, \u041B\u044E\u043A\u0441\u0435\u043C\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433 \u2014 12 \u044F\u043D\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044F 1898, \u0411\u0440\u044E\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043B\u044C) \u2014 \u0431\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0433\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433 \u0438 \u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043A."@ru . . . . "Jean Jules Linden (Luxemburgo, 3 de febrero de 1817 - Bruselas, 12 de enero de 1898), fue un bot\u00E1nico belga, explorador, horticultor y empresario, especializado en orqu\u00EDdeas, sobre las cuales escribi\u00F3 numerosos libros. Jean estudi\u00F3 en el Ateneo Real de Luxemburgo hasta 1834, y luego asisti\u00F3 a la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Libre de Bruselas. En 1835 mostr\u00F3 su inter\u00E9s cuando el gobierno belga comenz\u00F3 a aceptar solicitudes de entre los c\u00EDrculos acad\u00E9micos para tomar parte en una exploraci\u00F3n a Am\u00E9rica del Sur. As\u00ED, Jean Linden, (1816-1896), y Auguste Ghiesbreght (1810-1893) dejaron Amberes el 25 de septiembre de 1835 hacia R\u00EDo de Janeiro, arribando a Brasil el 27 de diciembre. Permanecieron all\u00ED, recolectando flora y fauna, para regresar a B\u00E9lgica en marzo de 1837. Como consecuencia de este viaje, naci\u00F3 en Linden un inter\u00E9s por las orqu\u00EDdeas que durar\u00EDa toda su vida. Apenas seis meses despu\u00E9s, en septiembre de 1837, el mismo tr\u00EDo sali\u00F3 del Havre y llegaron a La Habana en diciembre. El grupo explor\u00F3 Cuba y M\u00E9xico, recolectando tanto animales como plantas vivas hasta 1840. Linden enferm\u00F3 gravemente de fiebre amarilla en las inmediaciones de la Laguna de T\u00E9rminos. Realiz\u00F3 varias expediciones m\u00E1s, publicando estudios detallados de las condiciones de crecimiento de las orqu\u00EDdeas en su h\u00E1bitat natural. Sus hallazgos revolucionaron su cultivo en condiciones europeas. Antes de sus investigaciones, las orqu\u00EDdeas se cultivaban a temperaturas m\u00E1s altas de las necesarias, con altas tasas de mortalidad como resultado. Siguiendo los pasos de Linden, su colega brit\u00E1nico John Lindley realiz\u00F3 tambi\u00E9n observaciones detalladas de los h\u00E1bitats donde aquel hab\u00EDa colectado plantas. En Bruselas, Linden fue director del Real Jard\u00EDn Zool\u00F3gico y Bot\u00E1nico de Bruselas, pero gradualmente fue concentr\u00E1ndose en el cultivo de orqu\u00EDdeas, haciendo uso de tres tipos de invernaderos con temperaturas que iban de frescas a c\u00E1lidas. Bajo tales condiciones sus orqu\u00EDdeas prosperaron. Con este \u00E9xito, cre\u00F3 un emporio de orqu\u00EDdeas que en su punto \u00E1lgido tuvo sucursales en Bruselas, Gante y Par\u00EDs, ganando premios en exhibiciones en Londres, Par\u00EDs y San Petersburgo. Public\u00F3 obras excelentes sobre orqu\u00EDdeas y su crecimiento. Linden se cas\u00F3 con Anna Reuter en Luxemburgo el 13 de octubre de 1845.\u200B Su hijo Lucien continu\u00F3 todos sus negocios e intereses, publicando libros sobre orqu\u00EDdeas, antes y despu\u00E9s de la muerte de Jean Linden."@es . . . . . . . "Jean Jules Linden, f\u00F6dd den 12 februari 1817 i Luxemburg, d\u00F6d den 12 januari 1898 i Bryssel, var en belgisk botaniker specialiserad p\u00E5 orkid\u00E9er, uppt\u00E4cktsresande, hortonom och aff\u00E4rsman. Linden studerade vid fram till 1834 och d\u00E4refter vid Universit\u00E9 Libre de Bruxelles. 1835 s\u00F6kte och antogs Linden till en resa till Latinamerika p\u00E5 uppdrag av den belgiska regeringen, den 25 september 1835 l\u00E4mnade han Antwerpen tillsammans med och och anl\u00E4nde till Brasilien den 27 december. De blev kvar i Brasilien och samlade v\u00E4xter och djur f\u00F6r att \u00E5terv\u00E4nda till Belgien i mars 1837. Under denna resa v\u00E4cktes Lindens livsl\u00E5nga intresse f\u00F6r orkid\u00E9er."@sv . . . . "Jean Jules Linden, n\u00E9 le 3 f\u00E9vrier 1817 \u00E0 Luxembourg et mort le 12 janvier 1898 \u00E0 Bruxelles, est un botaniste, explorateur, horticulteur et homme d'affaires belge, sp\u00E9cialiste des orchid\u00E9es, sur lesquels il \u00E9crit plusieurs ouvrages."@fr . . . "\u062C\u0627\u0646 \u062C\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u064A\u0646\u062F\u0646 (1817-1898) (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Jean Jules Linden)\u200F \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0628\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0643\u064A. Linden \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062E\u062A\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064A \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062A \u062C\u0627\u0646 \u062C\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u064A\u0646\u062F\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0645\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062A\u0627\u062A."@ar . . . "Jean Jules Linden"@es . . . . "Jean Jules Linden (Luxemburgo, 3 de febrero de 1817 - Bruselas, 12 de enero de 1898), fue un bot\u00E1nico belga, explorador, horticultor y empresario, especializado en orqu\u00EDdeas, sobre las cuales escribi\u00F3 numerosos libros. Linden se cas\u00F3 con Anna Reuter en Luxemburgo el 13 de octubre de 1845.\u200B Su hijo Lucien continu\u00F3 todos sus negocios e intereses, publicando libros sobre orqu\u00EDdeas, antes y despu\u00E9s de la muerte de Jean Linden."@es . . . . "Jean Linden"@fr . . "1081745645"^^ . . "Jean Jules Linden (* 3. Februar 1817 in Luxemburg (Stadt); \u2020 12. Januar 1898 in Br\u00FCssel) war ein luxemburgisch-belgischer Botaniker. Er gilt als einer der \u201EV\u00E4ter\u201C der Orchideenforschung."@de . . . . "\u062C\u0627\u0646 \u062C\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u064A\u0646\u062F\u0646 (1817-1898) (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Jean Jules Linden)\u200F \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0628\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0643\u064A. Linden \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062E\u062A\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064A \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062A \u062C\u0627\u0646 \u062C\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u064A\u0646\u062F\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0645\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062A\u0627\u062A."@ar . . . . "\u0416\u0430\u043D \u0416\u044E\u043B\u044C \u041B\u0438\u043D\u0434\u0435\u0301\u043D (\u0444\u0440. Jean Jules Linden; 3 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044F 1817, \u041B\u044E\u043A\u0441\u0435\u043C\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433 \u2014 12 \u044F\u043D\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044F 1898, \u0411\u0440\u044E\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043B\u044C) \u2014 \u0431\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0433\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433 \u0438 \u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043A."@ru . . "\u30B8\u30E3\u30F3\u30FB\u30B8\u30E5\u30FC\u30EB\u30FB\u30E9\u30F3\u30C0\u30F3\uFF08Jean Jules Linden\u30011817\u5E742\u670812\u65E5 - 1898\u5E741\u670812\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u30D9\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u306E\u690D\u7269\u5B66\u8005\u3001\u63A2\u691C\u5BB6\u3001\u5712\u82B8\u5BB6\u3001\u5712\u82B8\u5546\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30E9\u30F3\u306E\u5C02\u9580\u5BB6\u3067\u3001\u591A\u304F\u306E\u8457\u4F5C\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "Jean Jules Linden (12 February 1817, in Luxembourg \u2013 12 January 1898, in Brussels) was a Belgian botanist, explorer, horticulturist and businessman. He specialised in orchids, which he wrote a number of books about. Jean Linden studied at the Ath\u00E9n\u00E9e Royal in Luxembourg until 1834 and went on to the faculty of science at the Free University of Brussels. In 1835, Jean Linden put forward his name when the Belgian government invited applications from academic circles for an exploration of Latin America. As a result, Jean Linden, Nicolas Funck (1816\u20131896), and Auguste Ghiesbreght (1810\u20131893) left Antwerp on 25 September 1835 for Rio de Janeiro and arrived in Brazil on 27 December. They remained in Brazil, collecting plants and animals, returning to Belgium in March 1837. As a result of this trip, Linden's lifelong preoccupation with orchids was born. Six months later, in September 1837, the same trio left Le Havre and reached Havana in December. The team explored Cuba and Mexico, collecting live animals and plants, until 1840. Linden suffered an acute attack of yellow fever near Laguna de T\u00E9rminos. He went on several expeditions and made a detailed study of orchid growth conditions in their natural habitat. His findings revolutionised the cultivation of orchids under European conditions. Before his research, orchids were being kept at temperatures far greater than their needs, resulting in a high mortality rate. Following Linden's lead, British botanist John Lindley also made detailed observations of the habitats where he collected plants. In Brussels, Linden was briefly the director of the Brussels zoological and botanical garden. He gradually concentrated on orchid culture, using three types of conservatory with temperatures ranging from cool to warm. Under these conditions his orchids thrived. With this success, he created an orchid empire that, at its peak, had branches in Brussels, Ghent, and Paris, winning awards at exhibitions in London, Paris, and St. Petersburg. He published exceptional books on orchids and orchid-growing. Linden married Anna Reuter in Luxembourg on 13 October 1845. His son Lucien eventually took over all his business interests and published books on orchids before and after Jean's death. He is commemorated in Gloxinella lindeniana (Regel) Roalson & Boggan (part of the Gesneriaceae family), Iresine lindenii now a synonym of Iresine diffusa f. lindenii (Van Houtte) L.B.Sm. & Downs (Amaranthaceae), Phalaenopsis lindenii (Orchidaceae), and Polyrrhiza lindenii, also in the Orchidaceae family. This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation Linden when citing a botanical name."@en . "\u041B\u0438\u043D\u0434\u0435\u043D, \u0416\u0430\u043D \u0416\u044E\u043B\u044C"@ru . "\u062C\u0627\u0646 \u062C\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u064A\u0646\u062F\u0646"@ar . . . . . . . "Jean Jules Linden"@sv . . . . . "\u0416\u0430\u043D \u0416\u044E\u043B\u044C \u041B\u0456\u043D\u0434\u0435\u043D (\u0444\u0440. Jean Jules Linden, 3 \u043B\u044E\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E 1817 \u2014 12 \u0441\u0456\u0447\u043D\u044F 1898) \u2014 \u0431\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0433\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0456\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433 \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0456\u043A."@uk . . . . . . "Jean Jules Linden, f\u00F6dd den 12 februari 1817 i Luxemburg, d\u00F6d den 12 januari 1898 i Bryssel, var en belgisk botaniker specialiserad p\u00E5 orkid\u00E9er, uppt\u00E4cktsresande, hortonom och aff\u00E4rsman. Linden studerade vid fram till 1834 och d\u00E4refter vid Universit\u00E9 Libre de Bruxelles. 1835 s\u00F6kte och antogs Linden till en resa till Latinamerika p\u00E5 uppdrag av den belgiska regeringen, den 25 september 1835 l\u00E4mnade han Antwerpen tillsammans med och och anl\u00E4nde till Brasilien den 27 december. De blev kvar i Brasilien och samlade v\u00E4xter och djur f\u00F6r att \u00E5terv\u00E4nda till Belgien i mars 1837. Under denna resa v\u00E4cktes Lindens livsl\u00E5nga intresse f\u00F6r orkid\u00E9er. I september 1837 l\u00E4mnade samma trio Le Havre och anl\u00E4nde till Havanna i december. Teamet forskade i Kuba och Mexiko d\u00E4r se samlade levande djur och v\u00E4xter fram till 1840. Linden gjorde m\u00E5nga expeditioner d\u00E4r han studerade orkid\u00E9er i deras naturliga milj\u00F6. Hans uppt\u00E4ckter revolutionerade odlingen av orkid\u00E9er under europeiska f\u00F6rh\u00E5llanden. Tidigare hade orkid\u00E9er h\u00E5llits i alldeles f\u00F6r h\u00F6ga temperaturer vilket resulterat i h\u00F6g d\u00F6dlighet. Linden har f\u00E5tt arterna , Phalaenopsis lindenii och Polyrrhiza lindenii uppkallade efter sig. Auktorsnamnet Linden kan anv\u00E4ndas f\u00F6r Jean Jules Linden i samband med ett vetenskapligt namn inom botaniken; se Wikipediaartiklar som l\u00E4nkar till auktorsnamnet."@sv . . . . . "Jean Jules Linden (* 3. Februar 1817 in Luxemburg (Stadt); \u2020 12. Januar 1898 in Br\u00FCssel) war ein luxemburgisch-belgischer Botaniker. Er gilt als einer der \u201EV\u00E4ter\u201C der Orchideenforschung."@de . "\u0416\u0430\u043D \u0416\u044E\u043B\u044C \u041B\u0456\u043D\u0434\u0435\u043D"@uk . . . . . . . . . "Jean Jules Linden (12 February 1817, in Luxembourg \u2013 12 January 1898, in Brussels) was a Belgian botanist, explorer, horticulturist and businessman. He specialised in orchids, which he wrote a number of books about. Six months later, in September 1837, the same trio left Le Havre and reached Havana in December. The team explored Cuba and Mexico, collecting live animals and plants, until 1840. Linden suffered an acute attack of yellow fever near Laguna de T\u00E9rminos. This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation Linden when citing a botanical name."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Jean Linden"@de . . "Jean Jules Linden"@en . . . "\u30B8\u30E3\u30F3\u30FB\u30B8\u30E5\u30FC\u30EB\u30FB\u30E9\u30F3\u30C0\u30F3"@ja . . . . . . "5075"^^ . . . "15692435"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Jean Jules Linden, n\u00E9 le 3 f\u00E9vrier 1817 \u00E0 Luxembourg et mort le 12 janvier 1898 \u00E0 Bruxelles, est un botaniste, explorateur, horticulteur et homme d'affaires belge, sp\u00E9cialiste des orchid\u00E9es, sur lesquels il \u00E9crit plusieurs ouvrages."@fr . . . . "\u0416\u0430\u043D \u0416\u044E\u043B\u044C \u041B\u0456\u043D\u0434\u0435\u043D (\u0444\u0440. Jean Jules Linden, 3 \u043B\u044E\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E 1817 \u2014 12 \u0441\u0456\u0447\u043D\u044F 1898) \u2014 \u0431\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0433\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0456\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433 \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0456\u043A."@uk . .