. "O termo lingu\u00EDstica cartesiana foi cunhado com a publica\u00E7\u00E3o de Cartesian Linguistics: A Chapter in the History of Rationalist Thought (1966), livro do linguista Noam Chomsky. A palavra \"cartesiano\" faz refer\u00EAncia ao pensamento de Ren\u00E9 Descartes, proeminente fil\u00F3sofo do s\u00E9culo XVII. No entanto, em vez de se limitar \u00E0s obras de Descartes, Chomsky pesquisa outros autores interessados ??no pensamento racionalista. Ainda, em particular, Chomsky discute a Gram\u00E1tica de Port-Royal (1660), obra que prenuncia algumas de suas pr\u00F3prias ideias sobre gram\u00E1tica universal (GU). Chomsky tra\u00E7a o desenvolvimento da teoria lingu\u00EDstica de Descartes a Wilhelm von Humboldt, ou seja, do per\u00EDodo iluminista at\u00E9 o Romantismo. A doutrina central da lingu\u00EDstica cartesiana afirma que as caracter\u00EDsticas gerais da estrutura gramatical s\u00E3o comuns a todas as l\u00EDnguas e refletem certas propriedades fundamentais da mente. O livro foi escrito com o objetivo de aprofundar \"nossa compreens\u00E3o da natureza da linguagem e dos processos e estruturas mentais que fundamentam seu uso e aquisi\u00E7\u00E3o\". Chomsky desejava refletir sobre essas estruturas subjacentes da linguagem humana e, posteriormente, se \u00E9 poss\u00EDvel inferir a natureza de algum organismo a partir de seu comportamento lingu\u00EDstico. O livro de Chomsky recebeu muitas cr\u00EDticas negativas. Essas avalia\u00E7\u00F5es argumentaram que a \"lingu\u00EDstica cartesiana\" falha tanto como concep\u00E7\u00E3o metodol\u00F3gica quanto como fen\u00F4meno hist\u00F3rico."@pt . . . . "\u5FAE\u7B11\u6A19\u7684"@zh . . "4429064"^^ . . . . . . "Kuni Kawachi"@en . "O termo lingu\u00EDstica cartesiana foi cunhado com a publica\u00E7\u00E3o de Cartesian Linguistics: A Chapter in the History of Rationalist Thought (1966), livro do linguista Noam Chomsky. A palavra \"cartesiano\" faz refer\u00EAncia ao pensamento de Ren\u00E9 Descartes, proeminente fil\u00F3sofo do s\u00E9culo XVII. No entanto, em vez de se limitar \u00E0s obras de Descartes, Chomsky pesquisa outros autores interessados ??no pensamento racionalista. Ainda, em particular, Chomsky discute a Gram\u00E1tica de Port-Royal (1660), obra que prenuncia algumas de suas pr\u00F3prias ideias sobre gram\u00E1tica universal (GU)."@pt . "4685"^^ . . . . . "Laughing Target"@en . . . . . . . "Warau Hy\u014Dteki"@en . . . . "Cover from the VHS release of Laughing Target original video animation"@en . . . . . . . "\u300A\u5FAE\u7B11\u6A19\u7684\u300B\uFF08\u65E5\u8A9E\uFF1A\u7B11\u3046\u6A19\u7684\uFF0C\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ALaughing Target\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u65E5\u672C\u6F2B\u756B\u5BB6\u9AD8\u6A4B\u7559\u7F8E\u5B50\u65BC\u5C0F\u5B78\u9928\u5C11\u5E74\u6F2B\u756B\u96DC\u8A8C\u300A\u9031\u520A\u5C11\u5E74Sunday\u300B1983\u5E74\u7ACB\u6625\u589E\u520A\u865F\u767C\u8868\u76841\u56DE\u5B8C\u7D50\u77ED\u7BC7\u5947\u5E7B\u3001\u6050\u6016\u9A5A\u609A\u6F2B\u756B\u30021987\u5E743\u670821\u65E5\u767C\u552E\u51681\u8A71\u7684OVA\u52D5\u756B\u3002"@zh . "February 1983"@en . "Ling\u00FC\u00EDstica cartesiana"@ca . . . "ova"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "El terme Ling\u00FC\u00EDstica Cartesiana es va encunyar amb la publicaci\u00F3 Cartesian Linguistics: A Chapter in the History of Rationalist Thought (1966) - Ling\u00FC\u00EDstica Cartesiana: Un cap\u00EDtol a la Hist\u00F2ria del Pensament Racionalista, un llibre de Noam Chomsky escrit amb el prop\u00F2sit d'aprofundir \"la nostra comprensi\u00F3 de la naturalesa del llenguatge, el seu proc\u00E9s mental i les estructures que intervenen en la seva adquisici\u00F3\". Amb aquesta obra, Chomsky volia aclarir la naturalesa d'aquestes estructures subjacents del llenguatge hum\u00E0 i, en conseq\u00FC\u00E8ncia, saber si es pot inferir la naturalesa d'un organisme a partir del seu llenguatge. La Ling\u00FC\u00EDstica Cartesiana (LC) es refereix a una forma de la ling\u00FC\u00EDstica desenvolupada en els temps de Ren\u00E9 Descartes, un destacat fil\u00F2sof del segle xvii les idees del qual segueixen influint en la filosofia moderna. A la seva obra, Chomsky tra\u00E7a el desenvolupament de la teoria ling\u00FC\u00EDstica des de Descartes fins a Wilhelm von Humboldt, des del per\u00EDode de la Il\u00B7lustraci\u00F3 fins al Romanticisme. La doctrina central de la ling\u00FC\u00EDstica cartesiana mant\u00E9 que les caracter\u00EDstiques generals de l'estructura gramatical s\u00F3n comunes a totes les lleng\u00FCes i mostren la imatge d'algunes propietats fonamentals de la ment. Aquesta obra de Chomsky va rebre moltes cr\u00EDtiques, la majoria d'elles destacaven que ling\u00FC\u00EDstica cartesiana errava, tant en el concepte metodol\u00F2gic com en el fenomen hist\u00F2ric."@ca . . . . "\u300E\u7B11\u3046\u6A19\u7684\u300F\uFF08\u308F\u3089\u3046\u3072\u3087\u3046\u3066\u304D\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u9AD8\u6A4B\u7559\u7F8E\u5B50\u306E\u6F2B\u753B\u4F5C\u54C1\u3001\u53CA\u3073\u305D\u308C\u3092\u539F\u4F5C\u3068\u3057\u30661987\u5E74\u306B\u767A\u58F2\u3055\u308C\u305F\u30A2\u30CB\u30E1\u4F5C\u54C1\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . "Y\u016Bji Nunokawa"@en . . . . . . "\u7B11\u3046\u6A19\u7684"@ja . . . . . . "\u7B11\u3046\u6A19\u7684"@en . . . . "Lingu\u00EDstica cartesiana"@pt . . "\u300E\u7B11\u3046\u6A19\u7684\u300F\uFF08\u308F\u3089\u3046\u3072\u3087\u3046\u3066\u304D\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u9AD8\u6A4B\u7559\u7F8E\u5B50\u306E\u6F2B\u753B\u4F5C\u54C1\u3001\u53CA\u3073\u305D\u308C\u3092\u539F\u4F5C\u3068\u3057\u30661987\u5E74\u306B\u767A\u58F2\u3055\u308C\u305F\u30A2\u30CB\u30E1\u4F5C\u54C1\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "Laughing Target (\u7B11\u3046\u6A19\u7684, Warau Hy\u014Dteki) is a Japanese manga by Rumiko Takahashi published in February 1983 issue of Sh\u014Dnen Sunday Z\u014Dkan. The manga was later compiled in Rumic World books, which are available in English from Viz Media. It was adapted into an anime OVA released in 1987. A subtitled VHS release was published in North America by US Manga Corps on April 7, 1993. An English dub was produced by Manga UK."@en . . . . . . . . "\u0635\u0650\u064A\u063A\u064E \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062A\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062A\u064A\u0629: \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0643\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064A (1966)\u060C \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0646 \u062A\u0623\u0644\u064A\u0641 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u062A\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064A. \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u00AB\u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062A\u064A\u0629\u00BB \u0647\u064A \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062A\u0639\u0648\u062F \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0647 \u062F\u064A\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062A\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0641\u0628\u062F\u0644\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062F\u064A\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062A\u060C \u064A\u062F\u0631\u0633 \u062A\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064A \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0646 \u0622\u062E\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u062A\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0643\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064A. \u064A\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u062A\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064A\u060C \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062C\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060C \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062F \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062A \u0631\u0648\u064A\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0629 (1660)\u060C \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628 \u064A\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062D\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064A (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629)."@ar . "El terme Ling\u00FC\u00EDstica Cartesiana es va encunyar amb la publicaci\u00F3 Cartesian Linguistics: A Chapter in the History of Rationalist Thought (1966) - Ling\u00FC\u00EDstica Cartesiana: Un cap\u00EDtol a la Hist\u00F2ria del Pensament Racionalista, un llibre de Noam Chomsky escrit amb el prop\u00F2sit d'aprofundir \"la nostra comprensi\u00F3 de la naturalesa del llenguatge, el seu proc\u00E9s mental i les estructures que intervenen en la seva adquisici\u00F3\". Amb aquesta obra, Chomsky volia aclarir la naturalesa d'aquestes estructures subjacents del llenguatge hum\u00E0 i, en conseq\u00FC\u00E8ncia, saber si es pot inferir la naturalesa d'un organisme a partir del seu llenguatge."@ca . . "\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u062F\u064A\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062A\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . "Laughing Target"@en . . . "\u300A\u5FAE\u7B11\u6A19\u7684\u300B\uFF08\u65E5\u8A9E\uFF1A\u7B11\u3046\u6A19\u7684\uFF0C\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ALaughing Target\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u65E5\u672C\u6F2B\u756B\u5BB6\u9AD8\u6A4B\u7559\u7F8E\u5B50\u65BC\u5C0F\u5B78\u9928\u5C11\u5E74\u6F2B\u756B\u96DC\u8A8C\u300A\u9031\u520A\u5C11\u5E74Sunday\u300B1983\u5E74\u7ACB\u6625\u589E\u520A\u865F\u767C\u8868\u76841\u56DE\u5B8C\u7D50\u77ED\u7BC7\u5947\u5E7B\u3001\u6050\u6016\u9A5A\u609A\u6F2B\u756B\u30021987\u5E743\u670821\u65E5\u767C\u552E\u51681\u8A71\u7684OVA\u52D5\u756B\u3002"@zh . "Sh\u014Dnen"@en . "Laughing Target (\u7B11\u3046\u6A19\u7684, Warau Hy\u014Dteki) is a Japanese manga by Rumiko Takahashi published in February 1983 issue of Sh\u014Dnen Sunday Z\u014Dkan. The manga was later compiled in Rumic World books, which are available in English from Viz Media. It was adapted into an anime OVA released in 1987. A subtitled VHS release was published in North America by US Manga Corps on April 7, 1993. An English dub was produced by Manga UK."@en . . . . . . . "1987-03-21"^^ . . . . . . "\u0635\u0650\u064A\u063A\u064E \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062A\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062A\u064A\u0629: \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0643\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064A (1966)\u060C \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0646 \u062A\u0623\u0644\u064A\u0641 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u062A\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064A. \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u00AB\u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062A\u064A\u0629\u00BB \u0647\u064A \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062A\u0639\u0648\u062F \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0647 \u062F\u064A\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062A\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0641\u0628\u062F\u0644\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062F\u064A\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062A\u060C \u064A\u062F\u0631\u0633 \u062A\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064A \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0646 \u0622\u062E\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u062A\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0643\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064A. \u064A\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u062A\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064A\u060C \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062C\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060C \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062F \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062A \u0631\u0648\u064A\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0629 (1660)\u060C 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