. "Lettere patenti"@it . "Lettres patentes"@fr . . . "\u7279\u8A31\u72B6\uFF08\u3068\u3063\u304D\u3087\u3058\u3087\u3046\u3001\u958B\u5C01\u7279\u8A31\u72B6\u3001\u52C5\u8A31\u72B6\u3068\u3082\u3044\u3046\u3002Letters patent \uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u541B\u4E3B\u3001\u5927\u7D71\u9818\u7B49\u306E\u56FD\u5BB6\u5143\u9996 (head of state) \u304C\u500B\u4EBA\u3084\u6CD5\u4EBA\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u306B\u306F\u4EFB\u52D9\u3084\u6A29\u9650\u3001\u5C02\u58F2\u3001\u79F0\u53F7\u3001\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u5730\u4F4D\u3092\u4E0B\u8CDC\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u8A3C\u66F8\u306E\u5F62\u3067\u767A\u884C\u3059\u308B\u6CD5\u7684\u624B\u6BB5\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u6CD5\u4EBA\u3084\u653F\u5E9C\u6A5F\u95A2\u306E\u8A2D\u7ACB\u3001\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u90FD\u5E02\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306E\u5730\u4F4D\u3084\u7D0B\u7AE0\u306E\u4ED8\u4E0E\u306A\u3069\u306E\u969B\u306B\u4F7F\u308F\u308C\u3001\u307E\u305F\u77E5\u4E8B\u3084\u82F1\u9023\u90A6\u738B\u56FD\u306E\u7DCF\u7763\u306A\u3069\u56FD\u738B\u306E\u4EE3\u7406\u4EBA\u306E\u9078\u4EFB\u3001\u53CA\u3073\u738B\u7ACB\u59D4\u54E1\u4F1A\u59D4\u54E1\u306E\u4EFB\u547D\u306E\u305F\u3081\u306B\u767A\u884C\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002\u82F1\u56FD\u3067\u306F\u738B\u56FD (\u30EC\u30EB\u30E0) \u306E\u7235\u4F4D\u306E\u5275\u8A2D\u306E\u969B\u306B\u3082\u767A\u884C\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u7279\u5B9A\u306E\u7279\u8A31\u72B6\u306E\u69D8\u5F0F\u306F\u767A\u660E (\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u610F\u5320\u6A29\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u30C7\u30B6\u30A4\u30F3) \u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u72EC\u5360\u6A29\u3092\u4ED8\u4E0E\u3059\u308B\u73FE\u4EE3\u306E\u7279\u8A31 (\u7C73\u56FD\u306E\u7279\u8A31\u5236\u5EA6\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u306F\u4E00\u822C\u7279\u8A31 (utility patent) \u3068\u30C7\u30B6\u30A4\u30F3\u7279\u8A31 (design patent) \u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002) \u3078\u3068\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305F\u3002\u3053\u306E\u30B1\u30FC\u30B9\u3067\u306F\u3001\u4ED6\u306E\u767A\u660E\u8005\u304C\u7279\u8A31\u6A29\u306E\u4FB5\u5BB3\u3092\u907F\u3051\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8003\u3048\u305F\u308A\u3001\u307E\u305F\u767A\u660E\u3092\u300C\u4F7F\u3046\u300D\u65B9\u6CD5\u3001\u3064\u307E\u308A\u3069\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306B\u5B9F\u7528\u5316\u3059\u308B\u304B\u3092\u7406\u89E3\u3059\u308B\u306E\u306B\u3001\u7279\u8A31\u72B6\u304C\u516C\u7684\u306A\u66F8\u985E\u306E\u69D8\u5F0F\u3092\u53D6\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u7279\u306B\u91CD\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u7279\u8A31\u72B6\u306B\u76F8\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u3082\u306E\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5C01\u7DD8\u7279\u8A31\u72B6 (\u3075\u3046\u304B\u3093\u3068\u3063\u304D\u3087\u3058\u3087\u3046\u3001letters close\u3001\u30E9\u30C6\u30F3\u8A9E\uFF1Alitterae clausae ) \u304C\u3042\u308A\u3001\u3053\u308C\u306F\u79C1\u7684\u306A\u6027\u8CEA\u306E\u3082\u306E\u3067\u53D7\u53D6\u4EBA\u3060\u3051\u304C\u305D\u306E\u5185\u5BB9\u3092\u8AAD\u3080\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3067\u304D\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306B\u5BC6\u5C01\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u7279\u8A31\u72B6\u306F\u5E83\u304F\u516C\u958B\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610F\u5473\u3067\u306F\u516C\u958B\u72B6 (open letter)\u306B\u5339\u6575\u3059\u308B\u3002\u7279\u8A31\u72B6\u306E\u5185\u5BB9\u304C\u540D\u5B9B\u4EBA\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u53CE\u96C6\u3055\u308C\u308B\u524D\u306B\u3001\u3069\u3046\u3084\u3063\u3066\u5E83\u304F\u51FA\u7248\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u306E\u304B\u306F\u308F\u304B\u3063\u3066\u304A\u3089\u305A\u3001\u4F8B\u3048\u3070\u3001\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u306A\u4F1A\u8A71\u3084\u793E\u4EA4\u3092\u901A\u3058\u3066\u56FD\u5185\u306E\u8CB4\u65CF\u306B\u305D\u306E\u5185\u5BB9\u3092\u5E83\u3081\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u306A\u308B\u3001\u738B\u5BAE\u306E\u5EF7\u81E3\u306B\u3088\u308B\u4E00\u5B9A\u671F\u9593\u306E\u691C\u67FB\u306E\u305F\u3081\u306B\u56FD\u738B\u306B\u3088\u308A\u5C01\u5370\u3055\u308C\u305F\u5F8C\u3001\u3069\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u5F62\u3067\u7279\u8A31\u72B6\u304C\u6B8B\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305F\u306E\u304B\u3069\u3046\u304B\u306F\u306F\u3063\u304D\u308A\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306A\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u660E\u3089\u304B\u306B\u4F55\u3089\u304B\u306E\u4ED5\u7D44\u307F\u304C\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002\u4ECA\u65E5\u3067\u306F\u7279\u8A31\u72B6\u306F\u3001\u4F8B\u3048\u3070\u82F1\u56FD\u9996\u76F8\u304C\u300C\u5EB6\u6C11\u9662\u306E\u56F3\u66F8\u9928\u300D\u306B\u30D1\u30D6\u30EA\u30C3\u30AF\u30C9\u30E1\u30A4\u30F3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6B8B\u3057\u305F\u3044\u6587\u66F8\u3092\u767A\u8868\u3059\u308B\u969B\u306E\u6163\u4F8B\u3068\u306A\u3063\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u305D\u308C\u306B\u3088\u308A\u8B70\u4F1A\u5168\u3066\u306E\u30E1\u30F3\u30D0\u30FC\u304C\u81EA\u7531\u306B\u95B2\u89A7\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3067\u304D\u308B\u3002"@ja . "Patent (lat. litterae patentes, otev\u0159en\u00FD, ve\u0159ejn\u00FD list) je otev\u0159en\u00FD list s p\u0159\u00EDkazem panovn\u00EDka (mand\u00E1t) adresovan\u00FD osob\u011B nebo instituci, p\u0159\u00EDpadn\u011B i s obsahem t\u00FDkaj\u00EDc\u00ED se \u0161ir\u0161\u00EDho okruhu spole\u010Dnosti, v dob\u011B absolutn\u00ED monarchie s moc\u00ED z\u00E1kona. Patenty byly opat\u0159eny pe\u010Det\u00ED, zpravidla tak\u00E9 obsahovaly \u00FAplnou panovn\u00EDkovu intitulaci, zprvu byly psan\u00E9 a od druh\u00E9 poloviny 16. stolet\u00ED t\u00E9\u017E ti\u0161t\u011Bn\u00E9, n\u011Bkdy i v podob\u011B se\u0161it\u016F. V diplomacii se v tomto smyslu i v sou\u010Dasnosti pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 term\u00EDn konzulsk\u00FD patent."@cs . "Surat paten adalah jenis instrumen hukum dalam bentuk perintah tertulis yang dikeluarkan oleh Kerajaan, presiden, atau kepala negara lainnya, yang umumnya berisi jaminan untuk kantor, hak, monopoli, jabatan, atau status kepada seseorang atau korporasi."@in . . . . "\u041F\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0442\u0430 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Letters patent) \u2014 \u0432\u044B\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0440\u0445\u043E\u043C \u0434\u043E\u043A\u0443\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443-\u043B\u0438\u0431\u043E \u043A\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0435-\u043B\u0438\u0431\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u042D\u0442\u043E\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043E\u0442 \u043B\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430 Litterae Patentes, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0435 \u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u00AB\u043E\u0442\u043A\u0440\u044B\u0442\u0430\u044F \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0442\u0430\u00BB. \u0422\u0430\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043B\u044F\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u043F\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044C\u044E \u0442\u0430\u043A, \u0447\u0442\u043E\u0431\u044B \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0442\u0443 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E \u0431\u044B\u043B\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0443\u0442\u044C, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044A\u044F\u0432\u0438\u0432 \u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u043D\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044C. \u042D\u0442\u0438\u043C \u043F\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0442\u044B \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u043E\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0442, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u043D\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0437\u044F \u0431\u044B\u043B\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C, \u043D\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u043B\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438."@ru . . . . . "Kungligt brev var i Sverige en f\u00F6reskrift i form av ett \u00F6ppet brev eller kung\u00F6relse fr\u00E5n Kunglig Majest\u00E4t, det vill s\u00E4ga regeringen i kungens namn innan 1975. De kunde inneh\u00E5lla best\u00E4mmelser vad som skulle ske i en viss fr\u00E5ga och det kunde vara hur en annan f\u00F6reskrift (till exempel en lagbest\u00E4mmelse) skulle tolkas och dylikt."@sv . . . . "Surat paten adalah jenis instrumen hukum dalam bentuk perintah tertulis yang dikeluarkan oleh Kerajaan, presiden, atau kepala negara lainnya, yang umumnya berisi jaminan untuk kantor, hak, monopoli, jabatan, atau status kepada seseorang atau korporasi."@in . "\u7279\u8A31\u72B6"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Carta patent"@ca . . . . . . . . . . . "Le lettere patenti sono provvedimenti aventi forza di legge emanati da un sovrano senza l'approvazione di nessun Consiglio. Esse corrispondono a decreti emanati dal governo, ma non necessitano di una conversione in legge ed entrano immediatamente in vigore. Possono anche sancire provvedimenti amministrativi e in questo caso hanno valore di ordinanza. Per antonomasia in Italia, quelle con cui re Carlo Alberto concesse nel 1848, primo sovrano e stato nella penisola italiana, i diritti civili ai valdesi ed ebrei. Il termine patenti si riferisce alla validit\u00E0 erga omnes, ossia nei confronti di tutti, dei provvedimenti, in contrapposizione alle \"lettere chiuse\" (litterae clausae) che avevano natura privata."@it . . . . . "Letters Patent bezeichnet im englischen Sprachraum ein Dokument \u00FCber die Verleihung eines Titels oder eines Status beziehungsweise die Vergabe von anderen Privilegien oder Rechten an eine Person, eine Institution oder ein Unternehmen durch einen Herrscher oder eine entsprechend autorisierte Institution. Zu den mit Letters Patent verbrieften Privilegien und Rechten geh\u00F6ren auch Anspr\u00FCche auf ein Gebiet, die Nutzung eines Handelsmonopols sowie Rechte an Erfindungen und Erzeugnissen. Das Pluralwort letters patent geht auf lateinisch litterae patentes zur\u00FCck, das \u201Eoffener Brief\u201C bedeutet. Denselben Ursprung hat auch das Wort Patent."@de . . . . "Les lettres patentes (toujours au pluriel) \u00E9taient sous l'Ancien R\u00E9gime une sorte d'acte l\u00E9gislatif \u00E9mis par le souverain, rendant public et opposable \u00E0 tous un privil\u00E8ge, c'est-\u00E0-dire un droit, attach\u00E9 \u00E0 un statut, un bien mat\u00E9riel ou immat\u00E9riel ou son exploitation. Pr\u00E9par\u00E9es par le Conseil du roi et prises apr\u00E8s avoir recueilli son avis, les lettres patentes correspondent dans le droit fran\u00E7ais contemporain aux r\u00E8glements d'administration publique ou aux d\u00E9crets pris en Conseil d'\u00C9tat. L'expression demeure en droit qu\u00E9b\u00E9cois pour d\u00E9signer tout document officiel d\u00E9livr\u00E9 par le gouvernement qui confirme la constitution en personne morale de certaines organisations. \u00C0 travers le latin juridique, le terme vient directement du latin patens, du verbe patere, \u00AB \u00EAtre ouvert \u00BB ou \u00AB \u00E9vident \u00BB, et d\u00E9signe les documents ouverts portant un sceau officiel (g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement attach\u00E9 par un ruban) destin\u00E9s \u00E0 \u00EAtre lus par toute personne int\u00E9ress\u00E9e. Ces documents s'opposent ainsi aux lettres ferm\u00E9es, ou lettre de cachet, qui sont les ordres du roi qui ne s'adressent pas \u00E0 tous, mais \u00E0 un destinataire unique. Les \u00AB lettres patentes \u00BB se distinguent du brevet, dont elles peuvent parfois reprendre le dispositif. Pour prendre effet, les lettres patentes doivent \u00EAtre enregistr\u00E9es par un parlement, c'est-\u00E0-dire publi\u00E9es afin de devenir opposables aux tiers. Sont pris par lettres patentes : \n* les statuts des corps de m\u00E9tiers ou corporations (Listes des ordonnances m\u00E9di\u00E9vales touchant aux m\u00E9tiers), des ordres religieux, des villes, des acad\u00E9mies, des coll\u00E8ges, des manufactures royales ; \n* les droits et les franchises collectives des villes, des pays, des \u00C9tats ; \n* les coutumes locales lorsqu'elles sont codifi\u00E9es ; \n* les privil\u00E8ges des ordres et des congr\u00E9gations ; \n* les concessions accord\u00E9es sur le domaine royal (mines, p\u00EAche, course, commerce maritime, messageries), etc. \n* les \u00E9rections de terre et les titres de noblesse. Sont aussi prises par lettres patentes des d\u00E9cisions personnelles lorsqu'elles concernent son \u00E9tat ou sa qualit\u00E9, lettres d'anoblissement, provision d'un office militaire ou de magistrature, de titre ou de rel\u00E8vement de titre, de naturalisation, de pardon, de commutation de peine, etc. Comme acte l\u00E9gislatif, les lettres patentes se distinguent de l'\u00E9dit, de l'ordonnance ou de l'arr\u00EAt de r\u00E8glement, en ce que ceux-ci r\u00E8glementent l'administration d'un objet particulier (un m\u00E9tier ou une ville particuli\u00E8re), alors que celles-l\u00E0 r\u00E8glementent l'administration d'un objet en g\u00E9n\u00E9ral (Code municipal)."@fr . . "Letters patent (Latin: litterae patentes) (always in the plural) are a type of legal instrument in the form of a published written order issued by a monarch, president or other head of state, generally granting an office, right, monopoly, title or status to a person or corporation. Letters patent can be used for the creation of corporations or government offices, or for granting city status or a coat of arms. Letters patent are issued for the appointment of representatives of the Crown, such as governors and governors-general of Commonwealth realms, as well as appointing a Royal Commission. In the United Kingdom, they are also issued for the creation of peers of the realm. A particular form of letters patent has evolved into the modern intellectual property patent (referred to as a utility patent or design patent in United States patent law) granting exclusive rights in an invention or design. In this case it is essential that the written grant should be in the form of a public document so other inventors can consult it both to avoid infringement (while the patent remains in force) and to understand how to put it into practical use (once the patent rights expire). In the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Empire, and Austria-Hungary, imperial patent was also the highest form of generally binding legal regulations, e.g. Patent of Toleration, Serfdom Patent etc. The opposite of letters patent are letters close (Latin: litterae clausae), which are personal in nature and sealed so that only the recipient can read their contents. Letters patent are thus comparable to other kinds of open letter in that their audience is wide. It is not clear how the contents of letters patent became widely published before collection by the addressee, for example whether they were left after sealing by the king for inspection during a certain period by courtiers in a royal palace, who would disseminate the contents back to the gentry in the shires through normal conversation and social intercourse. Today, for example, it is a convention for the British prime minister to announce that they have left a document they wish to enter the public domain \"in the library of the House of Commons\", where it may be freely perused by all members of parliament."@en . . "Carta-patente"@pt . . "Le lettere patenti sono provvedimenti aventi forza di legge emanati da un sovrano senza l'approvazione di nessun Consiglio. Esse corrispondono a decreti emanati dal governo, ma non necessitano di una conversione in legge ed entrano immediatamente in vigore. Possono anche sancire provvedimenti amministrativi e in questo caso hanno valore di ordinanza. Per antonomasia in Italia, quelle con cui re Carlo Alberto concesse nel 1848, primo sovrano e stato nella penisola italiana, i diritti civili ai valdesi ed ebrei."@it . . . . "Cartas-patente s\u00E3o um tipo de documento legal em forma de carta aberta entregue por um monarca ou governo, que garante um of\u00EDcio, um direito, um monop\u00F3lio, um t\u00EDtulo ou um status a uma pessoa ou para alguma entidade, como uma corpora\u00E7\u00E3o. No Brasil, os bancos s\u00E3o autorizados a funcionarem atrav\u00E9s da entrega de uma carta-patente aos fundadores, assinada pelo governo central. Este tipo de documento era preciso, por exemplo, para a abertura de teatros ou para a cria\u00E7\u00E3o de companhias de atores no teatro da Restaura\u00E7\u00E3o inglesa."@pt . . "Patent (diplomatika)"@cs . "\u5C08\u5229\u7279\u8A31\u8B49"@zh . . . . "10520"^^ . . . "238216"^^ . "Una carta patent \u00E9s un document solemne contenint el nomenament d'un funcionari consular amb expressi\u00F3, en general, del seu nom complet, la seva classe i categoria, aix\u00ED com les circumscripci\u00F3 i seu de l'oficina consular per a la qual \u00E9s designat. La carta patent ha de ser lliurada a les autoritats de l'estat receptor. A molts pa\u00EFsos \u00E9s expedida i firmada sigui pel cap de l'estat sigui pel ministre de relacions exteriors, i adopta una redacci\u00F3 solemne en la qual despr\u00E9s d'enumerar les l\u00EDnies generals de la funci\u00F3 encomanada s'expressa un requeriment a les autoritats de l'Estat receptor perqu\u00E8 permetin l'exercici d'aquesta. El document descrit pot rebre altres nombroses denominacions molt variades en la pr\u00E0ctica. Tradicionalment les cartes patents, per assortir efectes de reconeixement de l'Estat receptor, exigien l'anomenat exequatur, acte pel qual l'estat receptor accepta una carta patent determinada. Actualment s'ha est\u00E8s el costum de substituir la carta patent per una simple notificaci\u00F3 del nomenament que pugui fer-se per qualsevol procediment fidedigne. Les cartes patents exerceixen en l'\u00E0mbit consular el mateix paper que tenen les cartes credencials a l'exercici de la funci\u00F3 diplom\u00E0tica."@ca . . . . "Una carta patent \u00E9s un document solemne contenint el nomenament d'un funcionari consular amb expressi\u00F3, en general, del seu nom complet, la seva classe i categoria, aix\u00ED com les circumscripci\u00F3 i seu de l'oficina consular per a la qual \u00E9s designat. Tradicionalment les cartes patents, per assortir efectes de reconeixement de l'Estat receptor, exigien l'anomenat exequatur, acte pel qual l'estat receptor accepta una carta patent determinada. Actualment s'ha est\u00E8s el costum de substituir la carta patent per una simple notificaci\u00F3 del nomenament que pugui fer-se per qualsevol procediment fidedigne."@ca . . . "Cartas-patente s\u00E3o um tipo de documento legal em forma de carta aberta entregue por um monarca ou governo, que garante um of\u00EDcio, um direito, um monop\u00F3lio, um t\u00EDtulo ou um status a uma pessoa ou para alguma entidade, como uma corpora\u00E7\u00E3o. No Brasil, os bancos s\u00E3o autorizados a funcionarem atrav\u00E9s da entrega de uma carta-patente aos fundadores, assinada pelo governo central. A carta-patente frequentemente come\u00E7a com uma sauda\u00E7\u00E3o, como \"Para todos aqueles presentes que possam se interessar\". As patentes podem ser usadas para conferir um status de cidad\u00E3o ou um bras\u00E3o de armas, para a cria\u00E7\u00E3o de corpora\u00E7\u00F5es ou para criar um cargo, por um monarca. Tamb\u00E9m s\u00E3o comuns em formas de diplomas acad\u00EAmicos e t\u00EDtulos acad\u00EAmicos que prov\u00EAm de institui\u00E7\u00F5es oficiais. O termo patente se refere, na atualidade, especificamente ao documento que reconhece direitos exclusivos de propriedade industrial sobre uma inven\u00E7\u00E3o. Este tipo de documento era preciso, por exemplo, para a abertura de teatros ou para a cria\u00E7\u00E3o de companhias de atores no teatro da Restaura\u00E7\u00E3o inglesa."@pt . . . . . "Letters Patent bezeichnet im englischen Sprachraum ein Dokument \u00FCber die Verleihung eines Titels oder eines Status beziehungsweise die Vergabe von anderen Privilegien oder Rechten an eine Person, eine Institution oder ein Unternehmen durch einen Herrscher oder eine entsprechend autorisierte Institution. Zu den mit Letters Patent verbrieften Privilegien und Rechten geh\u00F6ren auch Anspr\u00FCche auf ein Gebiet, die Nutzung eines Handelsmonopols sowie Rechte an Erfindungen und Erzeugnissen."@de . . . . . . "Patent (lat. litterae patentes, otev\u0159en\u00FD, ve\u0159ejn\u00FD list) je otev\u0159en\u00FD list s p\u0159\u00EDkazem panovn\u00EDka (mand\u00E1t) adresovan\u00FD osob\u011B nebo instituci, p\u0159\u00EDpadn\u011B i s obsahem t\u00FDkaj\u00EDc\u00ED se \u0161ir\u0161\u00EDho okruhu spole\u010Dnosti, v dob\u011B absolutn\u00ED monarchie s moc\u00ED z\u00E1kona. Patenty byly opat\u0159eny pe\u010Det\u00ED, zpravidla tak\u00E9 obsahovaly \u00FAplnou panovn\u00EDkovu intitulaci, zprvu byly psan\u00E9 a od druh\u00E9 poloviny 16. stolet\u00ED t\u00E9\u017E ti\u0161t\u011Bn\u00E9, n\u011Bkdy i v podob\u011B se\u0161it\u016F. V diplomacii se v tomto smyslu i v sou\u010Dasnosti pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 term\u00EDn konzulsk\u00FD patent."@cs . . . 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"\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062A\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0643"@ar . . . "\u041F\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0442\u0430"@ru . . . . . . "Les lettres patentes (toujours au pluriel) \u00E9taient sous l'Ancien R\u00E9gime une sorte d'acte l\u00E9gislatif \u00E9mis par le souverain, rendant public et opposable \u00E0 tous un privil\u00E8ge, c'est-\u00E0-dire un droit, attach\u00E9 \u00E0 un statut, un bien mat\u00E9riel ou immat\u00E9riel ou son exploitation. Pour prendre effet, les lettres patentes doivent \u00EAtre enregistr\u00E9es par un parlement, c'est-\u00E0-dire publi\u00E9es afin de devenir opposables aux tiers. Sont pris par lettres patentes :"@fr . "1119559261"^^ . . . . 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"Surat paten"@in . . . "Letters patent (Latin: litterae patentes) (always in the plural) are a type of legal instrument in the form of a published written order issued by a monarch, president or other head of state, generally granting an office, right, monopoly, title or status to a person or corporation. Letters patent can be used for the creation of corporations or government offices, or for granting city status or a coat of arms. Letters patent are issued for the appointment of representatives of the Crown, such as governors and governors-general of Commonwealth realms, as well as appointing a Royal Commission. In the United Kingdom, they are also issued for the creation of peers of the realm."@en . . "Kungligt brev"@sv . . . . . . . . . . "Letters Patent"@de . . "Letters patent"@en . "Una patente real, real patente o carta patente es un tipo de documento legal en forma de carta abierta entregada por un monarca o un gobierno concediendo un cargo, un derecho, un monopolio, t\u00EDtulo, o estatus, a alguien, o a una entidad como una corporaci\u00F3n. Lo opuesto a una patente (que proviene del lat\u00EDn litterae patentes) es una 'carta cerrada' (en lat. litterae clausae) que son de naturaleza personal y selladas de tal manera que solo quien lo recibe puede leer el contenido de la carta. La 'patente' a menudo comienza con un saludo como \u00ABA quienes la presente vieren y entendieren\u00BB. Las 'patentes' pueden usarse como una forma de conferir una carta de naturaleza o carta de ciudadan\u00EDa, escudos de armas, para la creaci\u00F3n de corporaciones, o por un monarca para crear un cargo. Tambi\u00E9n son usuales en forma de diplomas acad\u00E9micos y t\u00EDtulos acad\u00E9micos que provienen de instituciones oficiales. El t\u00E9rmino 'patente' se refiere en la actualidad especialmente al documento que reconoce derechos exclusivos de propiedad industrial sobre un invento. Este tipo de documento era preciso, por ejemplo, para la apertura de teatros o creaci\u00F3n de compa\u00F1\u00EDas de actores en el teatro de la Restauraci\u00F3n inglesa."@es . . "Una patente real, real patente o carta patente es un tipo de documento legal en forma de carta abierta entregada por un monarca o un gobierno concediendo un cargo, un derecho, un monopolio, t\u00EDtulo, o estatus, a alguien, o a una entidad como una corporaci\u00F3n. Este tipo de documento era preciso, por ejemplo, para la apertura de teatros o creaci\u00F3n de compa\u00F1\u00EDas de actores en el teatro de la Restauraci\u00F3n inglesa."@es . . . "Kungligt brev var i Sverige en f\u00F6reskrift i form av ett \u00F6ppet brev eller kung\u00F6relse fr\u00E5n Kunglig Majest\u00E4t, det vill s\u00E4ga regeringen i kungens namn innan 1975. De kunde inneh\u00E5lla best\u00E4mmelser vad som skulle ske i en viss fr\u00E5ga och det kunde vara hur en annan f\u00F6reskrift (till exempel en lagbest\u00E4mmelse) skulle tolkas och dylikt. Genom utf\u00E4rdandet av ett kungligt brev kunde exempelvis best\u00E4mmas att l\u00E4nsresidens skulle byggas och hur stenh\u00E4mtningen till det skulle g\u00E5 till. Det gjordes 1817 enligt en av referenserna till denna artikel. Ett annat exempel \u00E4r att sten skulle skeppas fr\u00E5n det nerbrunna Nyk\u00F6pingshus slott (brann ner i slutet av 1600-talet) till det nya slottsbygget i Stockholm efter Slottet Tre Kronors brand 1697."@sv . "\u041F\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0442\u0430 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. 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"Patente real"@es . . .