. "Kebudayaan Liangzhu (/\u02C8lj\u0251\u02D0\u014B\u02C8d\u0292u\u02D0/; 3400\u20132250 SM) adalah kebudayaan giok Neolitikum terakhir di Delta Sungai Yangtze di Tiongkok. Kebudayaan ini memiliki banyak stratifikasi, karena artefak-artefak giok, sutra, gading, dan pernis ditemukan secara eksklusif dalam pemakaman-pemakaman elite, sementara tembikar lebih umum ditemukan di petak pemakaman orang-orang yang lebih miskin. Pembagian kelas ini menunjukkan bahwa Periode Liangzhu adalah sebuah negara awal, dilambangkan dengan perbedaan yang jelas antara kelas sosial dalam struktur pemakaman. Sebuah pusat perkotaan panregional muncul di situs kota Liangzhu dan kelompok elite dari lokasi ini memimpin pusat-pusat lokal. Kebudayaan Liangzhu sangat berpengaruh dan ruang lingkup pengaruhnya mencapai utara sejauh Shanxi dan selatan sejauh Guangdong. di Liangzhu ditemukan di , Zhejiang dan awalnya digali oleh Shi Xingeng pada tahun 1936. Analisis tahun 2007 dari DNA yang ditemukan dari sisa-sisa manusia menunjukkan frekuensi tinggi dalam kebudayaan Liangzhu yang menghubungkan kebudayaan ini dengan populasi Austronesia dan Tai-Kadai modern. Diyakini bahwa kebudayaan Liangzhu atau subtradisi terkait lainnya adalah negeri asal leluhur penutur rumpun bahasa Austronesia."@in . . . . . . . . "La cultura di Liangzhu (cinese tradizionale \u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316 , pinyin = li\u00E1ngzh\u01D4 w\u00E9nhu\u00E0) (3400 a.C.- 2250 a.C.) \u00E8 l'ultima cultura neolitica della giada sviluppatasi nell'area del delta del Fiume Azzurro, in Cina. La sua area di influenza si estese dai dintorni del lago Tai Hu, a nord lungo il corso del fiume Azzurro fino a Nanchino, a est fino Shanghai e al mare, e a sud fino a Hangzhou."@it . "526037"^^ . "Liangzhu culture"@en . . . . . . . . . . "La cultura de Liangzhu (xin\u00E8s tradicional: \u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316, xin\u00E8s simplificat: \u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316, pinyin: li\u00E1ngzh\u01D4 w\u00E9nhu\u00E0) (3400-2250 aEC) va ser l'\u00FAltima cultura del jade del Neol\u00EDtic al delta del riu Iang-Ts\u00E9 de la Xina. La seva \u00E0rea d'influ\u00E8ncia es va estendre des al voltant del al nord de Nanjing i Chang Jiang, fins a l'est de Xangai i el mar, i sud de Hangzhou. La cultura era molt estratificada, com els artefactes de jade, seda, ivori i laca que es van trobar exclusivament en els enterraments de l'elit, mentre que la cer\u00E0mica \u00E9s m\u00E9s com\u00FA en les parcel\u00B7les d'enterrament dels individus m\u00E9s pobres. El lloc t\u00EDpic de Liangzhu va ser descobert al , Zhejiang i inicialment excavat per Shi Xingeng el 1936."@ca . "Kultura Liang-\u010Du"@cs . . . . "\u041A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0301\u0440\u0430 \u041B\u044F\u043D\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0301 (\u043A\u0438\u0442. \u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316, \u043F\u0438\u043D\u044C\u0438\u043D\u044C Li\u00E1ngzh\u01D4 w\u00E9nhu\u00E0, \u043F\u0430\u043B\u043B. \u041B\u044F\u043D\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0301 \u0432\u044D\u043D\u044C\u0445\u0443\u0430\u0301; 3400\u20142250 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D.) \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043D\u044F\u044F \u043D\u0435\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0444\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043A\u0438 \u042F\u043D\u0446\u0437\u044B \u0432 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435."@ru . "Liangzhu-Kultur"@de . . . . . . . . "\u041B\u044F\u043D\u0447\u0436\u0443"@ru . . . . . . . "Kebudayaan Liangzhu"@in . . "A Cultura Liangzhu (\u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316) ( /\u02C8lj\u0251\u02D0\u014B\u02C8d\u0292u\u02D0/; 3400\u20132250 aC) foi a \u00FAltima cultura neol\u00EDtica de jade no delta do rio Yangtze, na China. Foi uma cultura altamente estratificada, pois artefatos de jade, seda, marfim e laca foram encontrados exclusivamente em sepultamento da elite, enquanto a cer\u00E2mica era mais comumente encontrada nos locais de sepultamento dos camadas mais pobres. Essa indica que o per\u00EDodo Liangzhu foi um proto-Estado, simbolizado pela clara distin\u00E7\u00E3o entre classes sociais em estruturas funer\u00E1rias. Um centro urbano regional surgiu no local da cidade de Liangzhu e grupos de elite deste eram os l\u00EDderes regionais. A cultura Liangzhu foi extremamente influente e sua esfera de poder alcan\u00E7ou o norte at\u00E9 Shanxi e at\u00E9 o sul de Guangdong. O s\u00EDtio arqueol\u00F3gico Liangzhu foi descoberto no distrito de , em Zhejiang e, inicialmente, escavado por Shi Xingeng, em 1936. Uma an\u00E1lise de 2007 do DNA recuperado de restos humanos mostra altas frequ\u00EAncias do halogrupo O1 na cultura Liangzhu, ligando esta cultura \u00E0s modernas popula\u00E7\u00F5es de austron\u00E9sios e tai-kadais. Acredita-se que a cultura Liangzhu ou outras subtradi\u00E7\u00F5es associadas s\u00E3o a terra ancestral dos falantes das l\u00EDnguas austron\u00E9sias. Em 6 de julho de 2019, Liangzhu foi classificada como Patrim\u00F4nio Mundial da UNESCO."@pt . "Kultura Liang-\u010Du (\u010D\u00EDnsky pchin-jinem Li\u00E1ngzh\u01D4 w\u00E9nhu\u00E0, znaky \u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316, 3400\u20132250 p\u0159. n. l.) je ozna\u010Den\u00ED pro prav\u011Bkou neolitickou kulturu roz\u0161\u00ED\u0159enou ve v\u00FDchodn\u00ED \u010C\u00EDn\u011B v oblasti Chang\u010Dousk\u00E9 z\u00E1toky a ji\u017En\u011B a v\u00FDchodn\u011B od jezera Tchaj-chu. Vliv kultury Liang-\u010Du dosahoval na severu a\u017E do \u0160an-si, na jihu a\u017E do Kuang-tungu. P\u0159edch\u016Fdkyn\u011Bmi kultury Liang-\u010Du byly (v oblasti jezera Tchaj-chu) a kultura Che-mu-tu (ji\u017En\u011B od Chang\u010Dousk\u00E9ho z\u00E1livu). Pojmenov\u00E1na je podle nalezi\u0161t\u011B a hlavn\u00EDho centra kultury Liang-\u010Du, le\u017E\u00EDc\u00EDho v m\u011Bstsk\u00E9m obvodu , rozkl\u00E1daj\u00EDc\u00EDho se severn\u011B od m\u011Bstsk\u00E9ho centra Chang-\u010Dou. Liang-\u010Du bylo objeveno \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00FDm archeologem roku 1936."@cs . . . "Cultura de Liangzhu"@ca . "Culture de Liangzhu"@fr . . . . . . . "Liangzhu-kulturo"@eo . . . . . . . . "\uB7C9\uC8FC \uBB38\uD654"@ko . "\u041A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0301\u0440\u0430 \u041B\u044F\u043D\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0301 (\u043A\u0438\u0442. \u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316, \u043F\u0438\u043D\u044C\u0438\u043D\u044C Li\u00E1ngzh\u01D4 w\u00E9nhu\u00E0, \u043F\u0430\u043B\u043B. \u041B\u044F\u043D\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0301 \u0432\u044D\u043D\u044C\u0445\u0443\u0430\u0301; 3400\u20142250 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D.) \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043D\u044F\u044F \u043D\u0435\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0444\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043A\u0438 \u042F\u043D\u0446\u0437\u044B \u0432 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435."@ru . "Kebudayaan Liangzhu (/\u02C8lj\u0251\u02D0\u014B\u02C8d\u0292u\u02D0/; 3400\u20132250 SM) adalah kebudayaan giok Neolitikum terakhir di Delta Sungai Yangtze di Tiongkok. Kebudayaan ini memiliki banyak stratifikasi, karena artefak-artefak giok, sutra, gading, dan pernis ditemukan secara eksklusif dalam pemakaman-pemakaman elite, sementara tembikar lebih umum ditemukan di petak pemakaman orang-orang yang lebih miskin. Pembagian kelas ini menunjukkan bahwa Periode Liangzhu adalah sebuah negara awal, dilambangkan dengan perbedaan yang jelas antara kelas sosial dalam struktur pemakaman. Sebuah pusat perkotaan panregional muncul di situs kota Liangzhu dan kelompok elite dari lokasi ini memimpin pusat-pusat lokal. Kebudayaan Liangzhu sangat berpengaruh dan ruang lingkup pengaruhnya mencapai utara sejauh Shanxi dan selatan sejauh Guangd"@in . . . . . . "3300"^^ . "La Liangzhu-kulturo (\u0109ine \u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316, pinjine li\u00E1ngzh\u01D4 w\u00E9nhu\u00E0) estis komuna nomo por arkeologiaj trova\u0135oj de \u0109ina kulturo de la malfrua Neolitiko, kiu disvolvi\u011Dis \u0109e la sudorienta marbordo de la antikva \u0108inio."@eo . . . . . . . "Kultura Liang-\u010Du (\u010D\u00EDnsky pchin-jinem Li\u00E1ngzh\u01D4 w\u00E9nhu\u00E0, znaky \u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316, 3400\u20132250 p\u0159. n. l.) je ozna\u010Den\u00ED pro prav\u011Bkou neolitickou kulturu roz\u0161\u00ED\u0159enou ve v\u00FDchodn\u00ED \u010C\u00EDn\u011B v oblasti Chang\u010Dousk\u00E9 z\u00E1toky a ji\u017En\u011B a v\u00FDchodn\u011B od jezera Tchaj-chu. Vliv kultury Liang-\u010Du dosahoval na severu a\u017E do \u0160an-si, na jihu a\u017E do Kuang-tungu. P\u0159edch\u016Fdkyn\u011Bmi kultury Liang-\u010Du byly (v oblasti jezera Tchaj-chu) a kultura Che-mu-tu (ji\u017En\u011B od Chang\u010Dousk\u00E9ho z\u00E1livu)."@cs . . . . . "La cultura de Liangzhu (aprox. 3400 - 2000 a. C.) se concentr\u00F3 en el \u00E1rea del lago Tai en China. Hasta la fecha, se han registrado muchos cientos de sitios de la cultura Liangzhu, que se caracterizan, de manera especial, Taosi y Liangzhu representan las sociedades complejas m\u00E1s desarrolladas durante el tercer milenio a.C. en China. Ambas conformaban sistemas pol\u00EDticos bastante estratificados. Los grupos de \u00E9lite eran capaces de obtener y mantener un estatus pol\u00EDtico por medio de su poder ritual. De manera ir\u00F3nica, las dos desaparecieron del registro arqueol\u00F3gico hacia el final del tercer milenio a.C., pero no fueron las \u00FAnicas culturas que dejaron de existir en dicha \u00E9poca. La disminuci\u00F3n en el n\u00FAmero de sitios y el abandono de centros regionales fueron un fen\u00F3meno com\u00FAn en el paisaje a lo largo de los valles de los r\u00EDos Amarillo y Yangts\u00E9. Esto marc\u00F3 el fin del Periodo Neol\u00EDtico y el inicio de la Edad del Bronce en China, con el ascenso del Estado Erlitou (1900-1500 a.C.), que tuvo su centro en la cuenca del r\u00EDo Yi, en la parte occidental de Henan. Muchos arque\u00F3logos han postulado que este cambio coincidi\u00F3 con la \u00E9poca del 'Gran Diluvio', tal como est\u00E1 registrado en textos antiguos. Se cre\u00EDa tradicionalmente que este diluvio o gran inundaci\u00F3n fue controlado por Yu el Grande, el legendario rey fundador de la dinast\u00EDa Xia, hacia, aproximadamente, 2000 a.C. Si bien el trasfondo hist\u00F3rico de la formaci\u00F3n del mito del Gran Diluvio necesita ser estudiado en profundidad, ciertamente muchas investigaciones cient\u00EDficas han demostrado la realidad del acontecimiento al constatar un episodio de deterioro clim\u00E1tico alrededor de 2200 a 2000 a.C. en China. Incluso algunos sitios neol\u00EDticos muestran evidencias de grandes aluviones hacia fines del tercer milenio a.C., como Mojiaoshan, en Zhejiang. Por lo tanto, si bien los relatos legendarios acerca del control de estas cat\u00E1strofes pueden haber sido \n* Datos: Q1204909 \n* Multimedia: Liangzhu culture / Q1204909"@es . "La cultura di Liangzhu (cinese tradizionale \u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316 , pinyin = li\u00E1ngzh\u01D4 w\u00E9nhu\u00E0) (3400 a.C.- 2250 a.C.) \u00E8 l'ultima cultura neolitica della giada sviluppatasi nell'area del delta del Fiume Azzurro, in Cina. La sua area di influenza si estese dai dintorni del lago Tai Hu, a nord lungo il corso del fiume Azzurro fino a Nanchino, a est fino Shanghai e al mare, e a sud fino a Hangzhou. Era presente una stratificazione sociale in quanto i manufatti di giada, avorio e lacca sono stati ritrovati solamente in tombe ricche, mentre il vasellame era comune nelle sepolture pi\u00F9 povere.Il sito di riferimento \u00E8 stato identificato nella contea di Yuhang, nello Zhejiang, e fu inizialmente scavato nel 1936 da Shi Xingeng. In totale si conoscono oltre cento siti appartenenti alla cultura di Liangzhu. La cultura possedeva un'agricoltura avanzata, conosceva l'irrigazione, la coltivazione del riso in risaia e l'acquacultura dei pesci. Le case erano spesso costruite su palafitte sulle rive dei laghi o lungo il corso dei fiumi."@it . . . . . . "Cultura di Liangzhu"@it . . . . . . "La cultura de Liangzhu (xin\u00E8s tradicional: \u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316, xin\u00E8s simplificat: \u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316, pinyin: li\u00E1ngzh\u01D4 w\u00E9nhu\u00E0) (3400-2250 aEC) va ser l'\u00FAltima cultura del jade del Neol\u00EDtic al delta del riu Iang-Ts\u00E9 de la Xina. La seva \u00E0rea d'influ\u00E8ncia es va estendre des al voltant del al nord de Nanjing i Chang Jiang, fins a l'est de Xangai i el mar, i sud de Hangzhou. La cultura era molt estratificada, com els artefactes de jade, seda, ivori i laca que es van trobar exclusivament en els enterraments de l'elit, mentre que la cer\u00E0mica \u00E9s m\u00E9s com\u00FA en les parcel\u00B7les d'enterrament dels individus m\u00E9s pobres. El lloc t\u00EDpic de Liangzhu va ser descobert al , Zhejiang i inicialment excavat per Shi Xingeng el 1936."@ca . . . . . . . . "\u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316\uFF0C\u4E2D\u570B\u65B0\u77F3\u5668\u6642\u4EE3\u8003\u53E4\u5B66\u6587\u5316\u4E4B\u4E00\uFF0C\u51FA\u73FE\u65BC\u7D04\u8DDD\u4ECA5300\u5E74\u524D\u81F34000\u5E74\u524D\uFF0C\u767C\u5C55\u65BC\u9577\u6C5F\u4E0B\u6E38\u74B0\u592A\u6E56\u5730\u5340\uFF0C\u5171\u767C\u73FE500\u591A\u8655\u907A\u5740\uFF0C\u4EE5\u826F\u6E1A\u907A\u5740\u9644\u8FD1\u7684\u83AB\u89D2\u5C71\u70BA\u4E2D\u5FC3\u5340\u3002\u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316\u6700\u4E3B\u8981\u7279\u5FB5\u662F\u7389\u5668\u7684\u4F7F\u7528\u548C\u96A8\u846C\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u5927\u4EF6\u7684\u7389\u742E\u3001\u7389\u74A7\u3001\u7389\u925E\u3002\u7389\u742E\u662F\u5DE5\u85DD\u6700\u7CBE\u3001\u6700\u5177\u6B0A\u5A01\u6027\u7684\u7389\u5668\uFF0C\u5F80\u5F80\u523B\u6709\u7CBE\u7DFB\u7684\u7378\u9762\u7D0B\uFF0C\u662F\u795E\u9748\u7684\u5716\u8C61\uFF0C\u7389\u925E\u5247\u662F\u8ECD\u6B0A\u3001\u738B\u6B0A\u7684\u8C61\u5FB5\u3002\u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316\u7684\u653F\u6CBB\u9AD4\u70BA\u914B\u90A6\uFF0C\u4EA6\u6709\u5B78\u8005\u8A8D\u70BA\u5DF2\u51FA\u73FE\u570B\u5BB6\u96DB\u5F62\uFF0C\u80FD\u52D5\u54E1\u5927\u91CF\u52DE\u52D5\u529B\uFF0C\u5404\u914B\u90A6\u9593\u7D50\u6210\u806F\u76DF\uFF0C\u795E\u6B0A\u8272\u5F69\u6FC3\u539A\uFF0C\u5EFA\u9020\u5927\u578B\u796D\u7940\u5834\u6240\u3001\u57CE\u7246\u53CA\u9632\u6D2A\u571F\u7246\uFF0C\u793E\u6703\u6210\u54E1\u5730\u4F4D\u5206\u5316\uFF0C\u5F62\u6210\u8CB4\u65CF\u548C\u666E\u901A\u5E73\u6C11\u968E\u5C64\u3002 \u826F\u6E1A\u5148\u6C11\u5584\u7528\u77F3\u7281\u8015\u4F5C\uFF0C\u7A3B\u7C73\u958B\u59CB\u6210\u70BA\u4E3B\u8981\u7CE7\u98DF\u4F86\u6E90\uFF0C\u4E26\u6709\u539F\u59CB\u6587\u5B57\u3002\u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316\u88AB\u8996\u70BA\u4E2D\u570B\u53F2\u524D\u6587\u660E\u7684\u91CD\u8981\u6416\u7C43\uFF0C\u826F\u6E1A\u7389\u5668\u6A19\u793A\u6587\u660E\u6642\u4EE3\u5DF2\u7D93\u5230\u4F86\uFF0C\u8207\u5317\u65B9\u9F8D\u5C71\u6587\u5316\u4EA4\u6D41\u5BC6\u5207\u3002\u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316\u7D50\u675F\u65BC\u914B\u90A6\u6216\u570B\u5BB6\u89E3\u9AD4\uFF0C\u8FB2\u696D\u8870\u843D\uFF0C\u7389\u5668\u5931\u50B3\uFF0C\u7E7C\u5F8C\u7684\u99AC\u6A4B\u6587\u5316\u5012\u9000\u56DE\u81EA\u7D66\u81EA\u8DB3\u3001\u72E9\u7375\u8207\u63A1\u6458\u7684\u7D93\u6FDF\u72C0\u614B\uFF0C\u56DE\u5FA9\u6BD4\u8F03\u5206\u6563\u7684\u90E8\u843D\u793E\u6703\u3002"@zh . . . . . "20087"^^ . "\u041B\u044F\u043D\u0447\u0436\u0443 (\u043A\u0438\u0442.: \u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316; \u043F\u0456\u043D\u044C\u0457\u043D\u044C: Liangzhu) \u2014 \u043F\u0456\u0437\u043D\u044C\u043E\u043F\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0456 \u043D\u0438\u0436\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0457 \u042F\u043D\u0446\u0437\u0438, \u0449\u043E \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0443 3400/3300\u20142300/1900 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043E \u043D.\u0435. \u041F\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0448\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0443 \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043C \u0456 \u0426\u0456\u043D\u043B\u044F\u043D\u044C\u0491\u0430\u043D. 2019 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u043D\u0430 43 \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043E \u0434\u043E \u0421\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u043F\u0430\u0434\u0449\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u042E\u041D\u0415\u0421\u041A\u041E."@uk . "Die Liangzhu-Kultur (chinesisch \u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316, Pinyin li\u00E1ngzh\u01D4 w\u00E9nhu\u00E0) war eine Kultur des sp\u00E4ten Neolithikums an der S\u00FCdostk\u00FCste Chinas. Erste Hinweise entdeckte 1936 der Forscher Shi Xingeng, der im Westsee-Museum von Hangzhou arbeitete. Er benannte die Kultur nach der nahe der Fundstelle gelegenen Stadt Liangzhu \u2013 im Jangtse-Delta etwa 160 km s\u00FCdwestlich von Schanghai."@de . "A Cultura Liangzhu (\u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316) ( /\u02C8lj\u0251\u02D0\u014B\u02C8d\u0292u\u02D0/; 3400\u20132250 aC) foi a \u00FAltima cultura neol\u00EDtica de jade no delta do rio Yangtze, na China. Foi uma cultura altamente estratificada, pois artefatos de jade, seda, marfim e laca foram encontrados exclusivamente em sepultamento da elite, enquanto a cer\u00E2mica era mais comumente encontrada nos locais de sepultamento dos camadas mais pobres. Essa indica que o per\u00EDodo Liangzhu foi um proto-Estado, simbolizado pela clara distin\u00E7\u00E3o entre classes sociais em estruturas funer\u00E1rias. Um centro urbano regional surgiu no local da cidade de Liangzhu e grupos de elite deste eram os l\u00EDderes regionais."@pt . "\u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316"@ja . . . "La Liangzhu-kulturo (\u0109ine \u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316, pinjine li\u00E1ngzh\u01D4 w\u00E9nhu\u00E0) estis komuna nomo por arkeologiaj trova\u0135oj de \u0109ina kulturo de la malfrua Neolitiko, kiu disvolvi\u011Dis \u0109e la sudorienta marbordo de la antikva \u0108inio. Dum la 1970-aj kaj 1980-aj jaroj arkeologoj en la teritorio de la lago Taj en la suba valo de la rivero Jangzio-Tal trovis tombejojn de la malfrua Neolitiko. La tomboj estis el la tempo inter la jaroj 3.400 kaj 2.000 a.K.. Oni trovis en la tomboj pli ol 5.000 valorajn objektojn el Jado, inter ili Bi-diskojn, kaj ritajn tubojn. Tiujn ritajn objektojn probable la reganto de la kulturo donacis al unuopaj civitanoj pro apartaj meritoj. Ilia uzo ligi\u011Dis al la adoro de \u0109ielo kaj tero. La plejmulto de tiuj jadaj objektoj konsistas el la jada subspeco nefrito. Sur la objektoj bildi\u011Das viva\u0135oj, kiuj (\u0109ar oni supozas, ke la uzo de metaloj ankora\u016D nekonatis) supozeble estis \u0109izitaj per \u015Darkodentoj. La arkeologiaj trovoj montras la grandan signifon, kiun jado dum tiu epoko havis en tiu-\u0109i mondoparto. El la teksto Zhouli (\"la ritoj de la dinastio Zhou\"), kiu ekestis dum la 4-a jarcento a.K., konjekteblas, ke tiaj jadaj objektoj anka\u016D dum la dinastio Zhou (1000 - 221 a.K.) ankora\u016D estis rite uzataj."@eo . . . "Cultura de Liangzhu"@es . . . "La culture de Liangzhu (\u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316, li\u00E1ngzh\u01D4 w\u00E9nhu\u00E0) (3300-2000 avant l'\u00E8re commune) est la derni\u00E8re culture n\u00E9olithique du jade dans le delta du Yangzi, en Chine. Dans cette culture tr\u00E8s hi\u00E9rarchis\u00E9e, les objets de jade, de soie, d'ivoire et de laque ne se trouvaient que dans les tombeaux de l'\u00E9lite, alors que les poteries \u00E9taient d\u00E9pos\u00E9s dans les tombes plus modestes. L'agriculture, \u00E0 un stade avanc\u00E9, utilisait l\u2019irrigation, pour la culture en rizi\u00E8re et l\u2019aquaculture. Les habitations \u00E9taient, en g\u00E9n\u00E9ral, construites sur pilotis au bord des rivi\u00E8res ou des \u00E9tangs."@fr . . . . . . "Cultura Liangzhu"@pt . "1124027938"^^ . "\u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La cultura de Liangzhu (aprox. 3400 - 2000 a. C.) se concentr\u00F3 en el \u00E1rea del lago Tai en China. Hasta la fecha, se han registrado muchos cientos de sitios de la cultura Liangzhu, que se caracterizan, de manera especial, \n* Datos: Q1204909 \n* Multimedia: Liangzhu culture / Q1204909"@es . . . . . "\u041B\u044F\u043D\u0447\u0436\u0443 (\u043A\u0438\u0442.: \u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316; \u043F\u0456\u043D\u044C\u0457\u043D\u044C: Liangzhu) \u2014 \u043F\u0456\u0437\u043D\u044C\u043E\u043F\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0456 \u043D\u0438\u0436\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0457 \u042F\u043D\u0446\u0437\u0438, \u0449\u043E \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0443 3400/3300\u20142300/1900 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043E \u043D.\u0435. \u041F\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0448\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0443 \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043C \u0456 \u0426\u0456\u043D\u043B\u044F\u043D\u044C\u0491\u0430\u043D. 2019 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u043D\u0430 43 \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043E \u0434\u043E \u0421\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u043F\u0430\u0434\u0449\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u042E\u041D\u0415\u0421\u041A\u041E."@uk . . "\u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316\uFF08\u308A\u3087\u3046\u3057\u3087\u3076\u3093\u304B\u3001\u62FC\u97F3: Li\u00E1ngzh\u01D4 w\u00E9nhu\u00E0\u3001Liangzhu Culture\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u9577\u6C5F\u6587\u660E\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u4E00\u6587\u5316\u3002\u7D00\u5143\u524D3500\u5E74\u3053\u308D\u304B\u3089\u7D00\u5143\u524D2200\u5E74\u3053\u308D\u306B\u307F\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3002 1936\u5E74\u3001\u6D59\u6C5F\u7701\u4F59\u676D\u770C\u306E\u826F\u6E1A\u907A\u8DE1\u3067\u767A\u6398\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002\u5D27\u6CA2\u6587\u5316\u306A\u3069\u3092\u7D99\u627F\u3057\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u9EC4\u6CB3\u6587\u660E\u306E\u5C71\u6771\u9F8D\u5C71\u6587\u5316\u3068\u306E\u95A2\u9023\u3082\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u67F1\u5F62\u30FB\u9310\u5F62\u30FB\u4E09\u53C9\u5F62\u306A\u3069\u591A\u69D8\u306A\u7389\u5668\u306E\u4ED6\u3001\u7D79\u306A\u3069\u3082\u51FA\u571F\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u5206\u696D\u3084\u968E\u5C64\u5316\u304C\u9032\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305F\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3001\u6B89\u6B7B\u8005\u3092\u4F34\u3046\u5893\u306A\u3069\u304B\u3089\u3046\u304B\u304C\u3048\u308B\u3002 \u5BAE\u6BBF\u3068\u305D\u308C\u3092\u53D6\u308A\u5DFB\u304F\u57CE\u90ED\u90FD\u5E02\u3001\u5893\u5730\u3001\u5DE5\u623F\u306A\u3069\u306E\u4E2D\u56FD\u6700\u53E4\u7D1A\u306E\u90FD\u5E02\u907A\u8DE1\u304C\u51FA\u571F\u3057\u305F\u826F\u6E1A\u907A\u8DE1\u306F\u3001\u521D\u671F\u306E\u90FD\u5E02\u6587\u660E\u3092\u4F1D\u3048\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u8A55\u4FA1\u3055\u308C\u30012019\u5E74\u306B\u300C\u826F\u6E1A\u53E4\u57CE\u907A\u8DE1\u300D\u306E\u540D\u3067\u4E16\u754C\u907A\u7523\u306B\u767B\u9332\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . "\uB7C9\uC8FC \uBB38\uD654(\uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4: \u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316, \uBCD1\uC74C: li\u00E1ngzh\u01D4 w\u00E9nhu\u00E0, \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 3400\uB144\uACBD-\uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 2250\uB144\uACBD)\uB294 \uC911\uAD6D\uC758 \uC7A5\uAC15 \uBB38\uBA85 \uD558\uB098\uB85C, \uC800\uC7A5\uC131 \uD56D\uC800\uC6B0\uC2DC\uC5D0 \uC704\uCE58\uD55C \uB7C9\uC8FC \uC720\uC801\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC1C\uACAC\uB41C \uC2E0\uC11D\uAE30 \uC2DC\uB300\uC758 \uBB38\uD654\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . "Die Liangzhu-Kultur (chinesisch \u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316, Pinyin li\u00E1ngzh\u01D4 w\u00E9nhu\u00E0) war eine Kultur des sp\u00E4ten Neolithikums an der S\u00FCdostk\u00FCste Chinas. Erste Hinweise entdeckte 1936 der Forscher Shi Xingeng, der im Westsee-Museum von Hangzhou arbeitete. Er benannte die Kultur nach der nahe der Fundstelle gelegenen Stadt Liangzhu \u2013 im Jangtse-Delta etwa 160 km s\u00FCdwestlich von Schanghai."@de . "La culture de Liangzhu (\u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316, li\u00E1ngzh\u01D4 w\u00E9nhu\u00E0) (3300-2000 avant l'\u00E8re commune) est la derni\u00E8re culture n\u00E9olithique du jade dans le delta du Yangzi, en Chine. Dans cette culture tr\u00E8s hi\u00E9rarchis\u00E9e, les objets de jade, de soie, d'ivoire et de laque ne se trouvaient que dans les tombeaux de l'\u00E9lite, alors que les poteries \u00E9taient d\u00E9pos\u00E9s dans les tombes plus modestes. L'agriculture, \u00E0 un stade avanc\u00E9, utilisait l\u2019irrigation, pour la culture en rizi\u00E8re et l\u2019aquaculture. Les habitations \u00E9taient, en g\u00E9n\u00E9ral, construites sur pilotis au bord des rivi\u00E8res ou des \u00E9tangs. Le jade est pr\u00E9sent sous forme de grands objets rituels finement travaill\u00E9s, avec bien souvent le motif du taotie qui marquera durablement la culture chinoise. Les objets les plus typiques sont les cylindres cong, dont les plus grands d\u00E9couverts p\u00E8sent 3,5 kg. On a \u00E9galement retrouv\u00E9 des disques bi et des haches c\u00E9r\u00E9monielles yue, ainsi que des pendentifs grav\u00E9s de repr\u00E9sentations d\u2019oiseaux, de tortues ou de poissons. De nombreux jades de Liangzhu ont un aspect d\u2019os blanc laiteux, du fait de leur roche d'origine, la tremolite, et de l\u2019effet des fluides aqueux pr\u00E9sents sur les sites fun\u00E9raires, mais on a aussi d\u00E9couvert fr\u00E9quemment des jades r\u00E9alis\u00E9s \u00E0 partir d\u2019actinolite ou de serpentine avec des nuances vertes, mais pas seulement."@fr . . . . "The Liangzhu culture (/\u02C8lj\u0251\u02D0\u014B\u02C8d\u0292u\u02D0/; 3300\u20132300 BC) was the last Neolithic jade culture in the Yangtze River Delta of China. The culture was highly stratified, as jade, silk, ivory and lacquer artifacts were found exclusively in elite burials, while pottery was more commonly found in the burial plots of poorer individuals. This division of class indicates that the Liangzhu period was an early state, symbolized by the clear distinction drawn between social classes in funeral structures. A pan-regional urban center had emerged at the Liangzhu city-site and elite groups from this site presided over the local centers. The Liangzhu culture was extremely influential and its sphere of influence reached as far north as Shanxi and as far south as Guangdong. The primary Liangzhu site was perhaps among the oldest Neolithic sites in East Asia that would be considered a state society. The type site at Liangzhu was discovered in Yuhang County, Zhejiang and initially excavated by Shi Xingeng in 1936. On 6 July 2019, Liangzhu was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site."@en . "The Liangzhu culture (/\u02C8lj\u0251\u02D0\u014B\u02C8d\u0292u\u02D0/; 3300\u20132300 BC) was the last Neolithic jade culture in the Yangtze River Delta of China. The culture was highly stratified, as jade, silk, ivory and lacquer artifacts were found exclusively in elite burials, while pottery was more commonly found in the burial plots of poorer individuals. This division of class indicates that the Liangzhu period was an early state, symbolized by the clear distinction drawn between social classes in funeral structures. A pan-regional urban center had emerged at the Liangzhu city-site and elite groups from this site presided over the local centers. The Liangzhu culture was extremely influential and its sphere of influence reached as far north as Shanxi and as far south as Guangdong. The primary Liangzhu site was perhaps amon"@en . . . . "\uB7C9\uC8FC \uBB38\uD654(\uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4: \u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316, \uBCD1\uC74C: li\u00E1ngzh\u01D4 w\u00E9nhu\u00E0, \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 3400\uB144\uACBD-\uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 2250\uB144\uACBD)\uB294 \uC911\uAD6D\uC758 \uC7A5\uAC15 \uBB38\uBA85 \uD558\uB098\uB85C, \uC800\uC7A5\uC131 \uD56D\uC800\uC6B0\uC2DC\uC5D0 \uC704\uCE58\uD55C \uB7C9\uC8FC \uC720\uC801\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC1C\uACAC\uB41C \uC2E0\uC11D\uAE30 \uC2DC\uB300\uC758 \uBB38\uD654\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . "\u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316\uFF0C\u4E2D\u570B\u65B0\u77F3\u5668\u6642\u4EE3\u8003\u53E4\u5B66\u6587\u5316\u4E4B\u4E00\uFF0C\u51FA\u73FE\u65BC\u7D04\u8DDD\u4ECA5300\u5E74\u524D\u81F34000\u5E74\u524D\uFF0C\u767C\u5C55\u65BC\u9577\u6C5F\u4E0B\u6E38\u74B0\u592A\u6E56\u5730\u5340\uFF0C\u5171\u767C\u73FE500\u591A\u8655\u907A\u5740\uFF0C\u4EE5\u826F\u6E1A\u907A\u5740\u9644\u8FD1\u7684\u83AB\u89D2\u5C71\u70BA\u4E2D\u5FC3\u5340\u3002\u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316\u6700\u4E3B\u8981\u7279\u5FB5\u662F\u7389\u5668\u7684\u4F7F\u7528\u548C\u96A8\u846C\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u5927\u4EF6\u7684\u7389\u742E\u3001\u7389\u74A7\u3001\u7389\u925E\u3002\u7389\u742E\u662F\u5DE5\u85DD\u6700\u7CBE\u3001\u6700\u5177\u6B0A\u5A01\u6027\u7684\u7389\u5668\uFF0C\u5F80\u5F80\u523B\u6709\u7CBE\u7DFB\u7684\u7378\u9762\u7D0B\uFF0C\u662F\u795E\u9748\u7684\u5716\u8C61\uFF0C\u7389\u925E\u5247\u662F\u8ECD\u6B0A\u3001\u738B\u6B0A\u7684\u8C61\u5FB5\u3002\u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316\u7684\u653F\u6CBB\u9AD4\u70BA\u914B\u90A6\uFF0C\u4EA6\u6709\u5B78\u8005\u8A8D\u70BA\u5DF2\u51FA\u73FE\u570B\u5BB6\u96DB\u5F62\uFF0C\u80FD\u52D5\u54E1\u5927\u91CF\u52DE\u52D5\u529B\uFF0C\u5404\u914B\u90A6\u9593\u7D50\u6210\u806F\u76DF\uFF0C\u795E\u6B0A\u8272\u5F69\u6FC3\u539A\uFF0C\u5EFA\u9020\u5927\u578B\u796D\u7940\u5834\u6240\u3001\u57CE\u7246\u53CA\u9632\u6D2A\u571F\u7246\uFF0C\u793E\u6703\u6210\u54E1\u5730\u4F4D\u5206\u5316\uFF0C\u5F62\u6210\u8CB4\u65CF\u548C\u666E\u901A\u5E73\u6C11\u968E\u5C64\u3002 \u826F\u6E1A\u5148\u6C11\u5584\u7528\u77F3\u7281\u8015\u4F5C\uFF0C\u7A3B\u7C73\u958B\u59CB\u6210\u70BA\u4E3B\u8981\u7CE7\u98DF\u4F86\u6E90\uFF0C\u4E26\u6709\u539F\u59CB\u6587\u5B57\u3002\u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316\u88AB\u8996\u70BA\u4E2D\u570B\u53F2\u524D\u6587\u660E\u7684\u91CD\u8981\u6416\u7C43\uFF0C\u826F\u6E1A\u7389\u5668\u6A19\u793A\u6587\u660E\u6642\u4EE3\u5DF2\u7D93\u5230\u4F86\uFF0C\u8207\u5317\u65B9\u9F8D\u5C71\u6587\u5316\u4EA4\u6D41\u5BC6\u5207\u3002\u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316\u7D50\u675F\u65BC\u914B\u90A6\u6216\u570B\u5BB6\u89E3\u9AD4\uFF0C\u8FB2\u696D\u8870\u843D\uFF0C\u7389\u5668\u5931\u50B3\uFF0C\u7E7C\u5F8C\u7684\u99AC\u6A4B\u6587\u5316\u5012\u9000\u56DE\u81EA\u7D66\u81EA\u8DB3\u3001\u72E9\u7375\u8207\u63A1\u6458\u7684\u7D93\u6FDF\u72C0\u614B\uFF0C\u56DE\u5FA9\u6BD4\u8F03\u5206\u6563\u7684\u90E8\u843D\u793E\u6703\u3002"@zh . . . . "Liangzhu culture"@en . . "\u826F\u6E1A\u6587\u5316\uFF08\u308A\u3087\u3046\u3057\u3087\u3076\u3093\u304B\u3001\u62FC\u97F3: Li\u00E1ngzh\u01D4 w\u00E9nhu\u00E0\u3001Liangzhu Culture\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u9577\u6C5F\u6587\u660E\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u4E00\u6587\u5316\u3002\u7D00\u5143\u524D3500\u5E74\u3053\u308D\u304B\u3089\u7D00\u5143\u524D2200\u5E74\u3053\u308D\u306B\u307F\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3002 1936\u5E74\u3001\u6D59\u6C5F\u7701\u4F59\u676D\u770C\u306E\u826F\u6E1A\u907A\u8DE1\u3067\u767A\u6398\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002\u5D27\u6CA2\u6587\u5316\u306A\u3069\u3092\u7D99\u627F\u3057\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u9EC4\u6CB3\u6587\u660E\u306E\u5C71\u6771\u9F8D\u5C71\u6587\u5316\u3068\u306E\u95A2\u9023\u3082\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u67F1\u5F62\u30FB\u9310\u5F62\u30FB\u4E09\u53C9\u5F62\u306A\u3069\u591A\u69D8\u306A\u7389\u5668\u306E\u4ED6\u3001\u7D79\u306A\u3069\u3082\u51FA\u571F\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u5206\u696D\u3084\u968E\u5C64\u5316\u304C\u9032\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305F\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3001\u6B89\u6B7B\u8005\u3092\u4F34\u3046\u5893\u306A\u3069\u304B\u3089\u3046\u304B\u304C\u3048\u308B\u3002 \u5BAE\u6BBF\u3068\u305D\u308C\u3092\u53D6\u308A\u5DFB\u304F\u57CE\u90ED\u90FD\u5E02\u3001\u5893\u5730\u3001\u5DE5\u623F\u306A\u3069\u306E\u4E2D\u56FD\u6700\u53E4\u7D1A\u306E\u90FD\u5E02\u907A\u8DE1\u304C\u51FA\u571F\u3057\u305F\u826F\u6E1A\u907A\u8DE1\u306F\u3001\u521D\u671F\u306E\u90FD\u5E02\u6587\u660E\u3092\u4F1D\u3048\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u8A55\u4FA1\u3055\u308C\u30012019\u5E74\u306B\u300C\u826F\u6E1A\u53E4\u57CE\u907A\u8DE1\u300D\u306E\u540D\u3067\u4E16\u754C\u907A\u7523\u306B\u767B\u9332\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . "\u041B\u044F\u043D\u0447\u0436\u0443"@uk .