"\uB9AC\uBBF8\uD2F0\uB4DC \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158"@ko . . . . . . . . . . . "Limited animation"@en . "Anima\u00E7\u00E3o limitada \u00E9 uma t\u00E9cnica de produ\u00E7\u00E3o de desenhos animados onde os quadros n\u00E3o s\u00E3o redesenhados inteiramente, mas sim, utilizando as partes comuns entre os quadros. Esse processo \u00E9 mais r\u00E1pido e permite que uma s\u00E9rie de anima\u00E7\u00E3o seja produzida com maior agilidade, economizando o tempo e o custo da produ\u00E7\u00E3o de uma s\u00E9rie de desenho animado. A anima\u00E7\u00E3o limitada \u00E9 uma t\u00E9cnica oposta \u00E0 anima\u00E7\u00E3o total (utilizada nos desenhos animados de Walt Disney), onde os personagens s\u00E3o redesenhados inteiramente, um tipo de anima\u00E7\u00E3o que tem um custo muito caro e a produ\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 muito demorada. Na anima\u00E7\u00E3o limitada, s\u00E3o usados uma arte abstrata, simbolismo e menor n\u00FAmero de quadros por segundo, criando movimentos limitados que t\u00EAm o mesmo efeito narrativo de uma anima\u00E7\u00E3o total. Entre as d\u00E9cadas de 1960 e 1980, esta t\u00E9cnica teve um renascimento e, juntamente com a anima\u00E7\u00E3o para adultos e crian\u00E7as, aumentou o sucesso dos desenhos animados americanos. O processo de anima\u00E7\u00E3o limitada procura reduzir o n\u00FAmero de desenhos utilizados. No cinema, s\u00E3o utilizados 24 quadros por segundo. Na anima\u00E7\u00E3o limitada, os desenhos possuem movimentos de 12 quadros por segundo (por vezes, s\u00E3o utilizados movimentos de 10, 8 ou at\u00E9 6 quadros por segundo). As t\u00E9cnicas utilizadas para a produ\u00E7\u00E3o de uma anima\u00E7\u00E3o limitada com um menor custo s\u00E3o: \n* C\u00E9lulas e sequ\u00EAncias de anima\u00E7\u00E3o s\u00E3o reutilizadas e repetidas v\u00E1rias vezes - os animadores apenas tem que desenhar um personagem andando uma vez. \n* Os personagens s\u00E3o animados em partes, ou seja, apenas s\u00E3o animados as partes do personagem, como a boca, ou os bra\u00E7os. Exemplo: em uma cena onde o personagem est\u00E1 falando, n\u00E3o \u00E9 necess\u00E1rio redesenhar v\u00E1rias vezes o personagem. Apenas a cabe\u00E7a ou a boca s\u00E3o redesenhados. \n* A imagem est\u00E1 em conjunto com o som: humor verbal e a interpreta\u00E7\u00E3o da voz s\u00E3o os fatores mais importantes para dar emo\u00E7\u00E3o para o personagem. Essa t\u00E9cnica foi popularizada nos desenhos produzidos pelo est\u00FAdio (produtora de Mr. Magoo) e utilizada na maior parte das s\u00E9ries de desenho animado feitas para a televis\u00E3o, especialmente pela Hanna-Barbera e pela Filmation. O anime japon\u00EAs usa uma t\u00E9cnica mista de anima\u00E7\u00E3o total com anima\u00E7\u00E3o limitada, usando a anima\u00E7\u00E3o limitada em cenas com falas onde os personagens permanecem parados com pequenos movimentos do cabelo ou roupas em s\u00E9rie e nas cenas onde os personagens executam a\u00E7\u00F5es engra\u00E7adas, enquanto a anima\u00E7\u00E3o total usado naquelas cenas onde h\u00E1 uma narrativa mais r\u00E1pida."@pt . "L'Animaci\u00F3 limitada \u00E9s una t\u00E8cnica d'animaci\u00F3 que simplifica els moviments, descomponent-los en diferents nivells. Aquest sistema permet escur\u00E7ar els temps i costos de producci\u00F3 d'una s\u00E8rie animada. L'animaci\u00F3 limitada permet l'\u00FAs de dibuixos realistes, art abstracte i simbolismes per crear moviments limitats que tenen el mateix efecte narratiu que una producci\u00F3 d'animaci\u00F3 total. Entre els anys 60 i 80 aquesta t\u00E8cnica va gaudir d'un renaixement i, juntament amb l'animaci\u00F3 per a adults i infantil, va eclipsar el potencial dels dibuixos animats nord-americans."@ca . "\u30EA\u30DF\u30C6\u30C3\u30C9\u30FB\u30A2\u30CB\u30E1\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\uFF08Limited animation\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30CB\u30E1\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u306E\u8868\u73FE\u624B\u6CD5\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . "L'animation limit\u00E9e est une technique de dessin anim\u00E9 qui, pour des raisons financi\u00E8res ou artistiques, r\u00E9duit au minimum le nombre de mouvements des personnages, utilise peu de d\u00E9cors et use souvent d'un nombre restreint d'images par seconde. L'\u00E9conomie qui en r\u00E9sulte provient \u00E9galement de la stylisation pouss\u00E9e des \u00E9l\u00E9ments dessin\u00E9s, ceux-ci \u00E9tant r\u00E9duits \u00E0 leur plus simple expression. Elle est compl\u00E9t\u00E9e par une certaine immobilit\u00E9 des personnages. Lorsqu'ils s'expriment, le corps est souvent fixe : seuls les yeux et la bouche s'animent."@fr . . "\u041E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0301\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F (\u043B\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F) \u043C\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0438\u043F\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0301\u0446\u0438\u044F \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0440 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043C\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0449\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043C\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0438\u043F\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043C\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0438\u043F\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043C\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0435."@ru . "1123198162"^^ . . . . . . . "In ambito cinematografico, e specificamente del cinema d'animazione, il termine animazione limitata \u00E8 una locuzione che descrive un'animazione di tipo economico, che non segue un approccio realistico. Una delle sue caratteristiche \u00E8 un disegno sempre stilizzato, che un tempo veniva anche chiamato \"modern design\". Il termine \u00E8 nato dalla contrapposizione con i cartoni della Disney, parlando del periodo degli anni '30 e '40, che erano molto elogiati per la raffigurazione animata, dettagliata in ogni fotogramma, mostrante dei movimenti sempre fluidi. Questo tipo di animazione per\u00F2 era frutto di una lavorazione lunga e costosa. L'animazione limitata usava arte astratta, simbolismo, e movimenti limitati, per simulare l'effetto di una animazione \"realistica\", ma con minori costi produttivi. Questa tecnica sfrutta la \"sospensione dell'incredulit\u00E0\" e la storia deve esistere molto pi\u00F9 nell'immaginario dello spettatore, che non nei disegni in movimento. Questa tecnica si basa anche sulla riduzione dei fotogrammi al secondo (fps), con una trasmissione usuale di 24 fps. Nelle azioni normali si usa lo stesso fotogramma due volte ogni secondo, mentre per le scene veloci un solo fotogramma per secondo. Un esempio di produzione ad animazione limitata \u00E8 la serie Clutch Cargo."@it . . . . . . "Limited Animation bezeichnet eine Form der Animation, die \u00FCblicherweise mit Cels, Bildfolien, und statischen Hintergr\u00FCnden ausgef\u00FChrt wird. Die Limited Animation wird von der unterschieden. H\u00E4ufig wird Limited Animation mit stehendem Bild und Full Animation mit bewegtem Bild assoziiert, sodass erstere teilweise nicht als Animation im engeren Sinne betrachtet wird."@de . "9517"^^ . . . . . . . . . "In ambito cinematografico, e specificamente del cinema d'animazione, il termine animazione limitata \u00E8 una locuzione che descrive un'animazione di tipo economico, che non segue un approccio realistico. Una delle sue caratteristiche \u00E8 un disegno sempre stilizzato, che un tempo veniva anche chiamato \"modern design\". Questa tecnica si basa anche sulla riduzione dei fotogrammi al secondo (fps), con una trasmissione usuale di 24 fps. Nelle azioni normali si usa lo stesso fotogramma due volte ogni secondo, mentre per le scene veloci un solo fotogramma per secondo."@it . . "Animaci\u00F3 limitada"@ca . . "\u30EA\u30DF\u30C6\u30C3\u30C9\u30FB\u30A2\u30CB\u30E1\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\uFF08Limited animation\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30CB\u30E1\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u306E\u8868\u73FE\u624B\u6CD5\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "Anima\u00E7\u00E3o limitada \u00E9 uma t\u00E9cnica de produ\u00E7\u00E3o de desenhos animados onde os quadros n\u00E3o s\u00E3o redesenhados inteiramente, mas sim, utilizando as partes comuns entre os quadros. Esse processo \u00E9 mais r\u00E1pido e permite que uma s\u00E9rie de anima\u00E7\u00E3o seja produzida com maior agilidade, economizando o tempo e o custo da produ\u00E7\u00E3o de uma s\u00E9rie de desenho animado. A anima\u00E7\u00E3o limitada \u00E9 uma t\u00E9cnica oposta \u00E0 anima\u00E7\u00E3o total (utilizada nos desenhos animados de Walt Disney), onde os personagens s\u00E3o redesenhados inteiramente, um tipo de anima\u00E7\u00E3o que tem um custo muito caro e a produ\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 muito demorada. Na anima\u00E7\u00E3o limitada, s\u00E3o usados uma arte abstrata, simbolismo e menor n\u00FAmero de quadros por segundo, criando movimentos limitados que t\u00EAm o mesmo efeito narrativo de uma anima\u00E7\u00E3o total. Entre as d\u00E9cadas de 1960 e 1"@pt . . . . . . . "La animaci\u00F3n limitada es una t\u00E9cnica de animaci\u00F3n que simplifica los movimientos, descomponi\u00E9ndolos en varios niveles. Este sistema permite acortar los tiempos y costos de producci\u00F3n de una serie animada. La animaci\u00F3n limitada permite el uso de dibujos realistas, arte abstracto y simbolismos para crear movimientos limitados que tienen el mismo efecto narrativo que una producci\u00F3n de animaci\u00F3n total.\u200B Entre los a\u00F1os 60 y 80 esta t\u00E9cnica disfrut\u00F3 de un renacimiento y, junto con la animaci\u00F3n para adultos e infantil, eclips\u00F3 el potencial de los dibujos animados estadounidenses."@es . "Limited animation is a process in the overall technique of traditional animation that reuses frames of character animation."@en . . "Animation limit\u00E9e"@fr . . . . . "Animaci\u00F3n limitada"@es . . . . . . . "\u30EA\u30DF\u30C6\u30C3\u30C9\u30FB\u30A2\u30CB\u30E1\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3"@ja . "Animazione limitata"@it . . "Limited animation is a process in the overall technique of traditional animation that reuses frames of character animation."@en . . . "Limigita animacio (angle: limited animation) estas produktmaniero de animacio per malpli multaj movigataj bildoj, kompare kun animacio per multaj movigitaj bildoj. Limigita animacio estis unue praktike uzata de Usona animacio-produktanto . Oni uzas malmultekostigan teknikon por amasproduktataj animacioj tiel: \n* ripete kaj ripete reuzi celuloidojn, fonbildojn kaj seriemontradojn de celuloidoj \u2014 animaciistoj nur devas desegni unufojon. \n* movigi nur partojn de rolulo: bu\u015Dmovo, palpebrumo, brako ktp. \n* movigi foto-kadron sur longe desegnata fonbildo dum longa tempo."@eo . . . "L'Animaci\u00F3 limitada \u00E9s una t\u00E8cnica d'animaci\u00F3 que simplifica els moviments, descomponent-los en diferents nivells. Aquest sistema permet escur\u00E7ar els temps i costos de producci\u00F3 d'una s\u00E8rie animada. L'animaci\u00F3 limitada permet l'\u00FAs de dibuixos realistes, art abstracte i simbolismes per crear moviments limitats que tenen el mateix efecte narratiu que una producci\u00F3 d'animaci\u00F3 total. Entre els anys 60 i 80 aquesta t\u00E8cnica va gaudir d'un renaixement i, juntament amb l'animaci\u00F3 per a adults i infantil, va eclipsar el potencial dels dibuixos animats nord-americans."@ca . "\uB9AC\uBBF8\uB514\uD2B8 \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158(Limited Animation)\uC740 \uC804\uCCB4 \uD504\uB808\uC784\uC744 \uC804\uBD80 \uADF8\uB9AC\uC9C0 \uC54A\uACE0 \uAC00\uBCC0\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD504\uB808\uC784 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0\uC11C \uACF5\uD1B5\uB418\uB294 \uBD80\uBD84\uC744 \uC7AC\uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uC5EC \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4\uB0B4\uB294 \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uC758 \uC81C\uC791 \uACFC\uC815 \uC911 \uD558\uB098\uC774\uB2E4. \uB9AC\uBBF8\uD2F0\uB4DC \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uC758 \uC8FC\uC694 \uD2B9\uC9D5 \uC911 \uD558\uB098\uB294 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uD615\uD0DC\uC640 \uBAA8\uC591\uC774 \uC77C\uCE58\uB41C \uB514\uC790\uC778\uC774\uB2E4. \uCD08\uAE30\uC5D0\uB294 \uC774\uAC83\uC774 '\uBAA8\uB358 \uB514\uC790\uC778'\uC73C\uB85C \uC5B8\uAE09\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC6D4\uD2B8 \uB514\uC988\uB2C8\uAC00 \uC81C\uC791\uD55C 1930\uB144\uB300\uC640 1940\uB144\uB300 \uC740 \uB9E4 \uD504\uB808\uC784\uC744 \uC808\uBB18\uD55C \uC138\uC138\uD55C \uBD80\uBD84\uACFC \uD568\uAED8 \uC0AC\uC2E4\uC801\uC778 \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uD654\uB41C \uD615\uD0DC\uB97C \uBB18\uC0AC\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uBAA9\uD45C\uB85C \uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uD615\uC2DD\uC758 \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uC740 \uC2DC\uAC04\uC774 \uB9CE\uC774 \uB4E4\uACE0 \uC81C\uC791 \uBE44\uC6A9\uB3C4 \uB192\uB2E4. \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC \uB9AC\uBBF8\uD2F0\uB4DC \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uC740 \uAC19\uC740 \uD6A8\uACFC\uB97C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uCD94\uC0C1\uD654\uB41C \uADF8\uB9BC, \uC0C1\uC9D5\uC774 \uC788\uB294 \uB3D9\uD654\uB97C \uB354 \uC801\uAC8C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4\uC11C \uBE44\uC6A9\uC774 \uD6E8\uC52C \uB354 \uC801\uAC8C \uB4E0\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC2A4\uD0C0\uC77C\uC758 \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uC740 \uCD94\uAC00\uC801\uC778 \uADF8\uB9BC \uC5C6\uC774 \uBCC0\uD654\uB97C \uAC00\uC815\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uD130\uC758 \uAE30\uC220\uC5D0 \uB9CE\uC774 \uC758\uC874\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC65C\uB0D0\uD558\uBA74 \uBD80\uC801\uC808\uD55C \uB9AC\uBBF8\uD2F0\uB4DC \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uC758 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uC740 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uBD80\uC790\uC5F0\uC2A4\uB7FD\uAC8C \uBCF4\uC774\uAE30 \uC27D\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C, \uB9AC\uBBF8\uD2F0\uB4DC \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uC740 \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uD130\uAC00 \uD604\uC2E4\uACC4\uC758 \uACBD\uACC4 \uBC16\uC5D0 \uC788\uB294 \uC608\uC220\uC801 \uD615\uC2DD\uB3C4 \uC2DC\uB3C4\uD574 \uBCFC \uC218 \uC788\uB3C4\uB85D \uD574 \uC900\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uACB0\uACFC\uB294 \uB9CC\uC77C \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uC774 \uC644\uC804\uD788 \uD604\uC2E4\uC801\uC778 \uC0C1\uD669\uB9CC\uC744 \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4\uB0B4\uB294 \uAC83\uC5D0 \uBAB0\uB450\uD588\uC5C8\uB2E4\uBA74 \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4\uC9C0\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC558\uC744 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uB9AC\uBBF8\uD2F0\uB4DC \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158 \uC81C\uC791\uC740 \uB3D9\uD654\uC758 \uC218\uB97C \uC904\uC774\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uBAA9\uD45C\uB85C \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC601\uD654\uB294 24\uD504\uB808\uC784\uC73C\uB85C \uCD2C\uC601\uC774 \uB41C\uB2E4. \uBCF4\uD1B5 \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0 \uB3D9\uD654\uB294 1\uCD08\uB2F9 12\uBC88 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uBA70, \uAC19\uC740 \uB3D9\uD654\uB97C 2\uBC88\uC529 \uBCF4\uC5EC\uC8FC\uC5B4 24\uD504\uB808\uC784\uC744 \uB9CC\uB4E0\uB2E4. \uC6C0\uC9C1\uC784\uC774 \uBE60\uB978 \uC7A5\uBA74\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 1\uCD08\uB2F9 \uB3D9\uD654 24\uAC1C\uB97C \uADF8\uB824\uC11C \uAC19\uC740 \uB3D9\uD654\uB97C \uD55C \uBC88\uB9CC \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. \uCE90\uB9AD\uD130\uAC00 \uC6C0\uC9C1\uC774\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC744 \uB54C\uC5D0\uB294 \uC5B4\uB290 \uC815\uB3C4 \uC2DC\uAC04\uB3D9\uC548 \uAC19\uC740 \uADF8\uB9BC\uC744 \uACC4\uC18D \uBCF4\uC5EC\uC900\uB2E4. \uB9AC\uBBF8\uD2F0\uB4DC \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uC740 \uC6D0\uD654 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uB07C\uC6CC\uB123\uB294 \uB3D9\uD654\uC758 \uC218\uB97C \uC8FC\uB85C \uC904\uC774\uB294\uB370 \uC124\uACC4\uB97C \uC81C\uB300\uB85C \uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC73C\uBA74 \uC601\uC0C1\uC774 \uB69D\uB69D \uB04A\uACA8\uC11C \uBCF4\uC77C \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC885\uD569\uD574\uBCF4\uC790\uBA74, \uB9AC\uBBF8\uD2F0\uB4DC \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158 \uAE30\uBC95\uC744 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uBA74 \uC2DC\uAC04\uC744 \uC808\uC57D\uD558\uB294 \uAE30\uC220\uC744 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uC5B4\uC11C \uC6D0\uD654\uB098 \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uC758 \uC5F0\uCD9C\uC758 \uC9C8\uC744 \uC62C\uB9B4 \uC218 \uC788\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uB9AC\uBBF8\uD2F0\uB4DC \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158 \uAE30\uBC95\uC744 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD55C\uB2E4\uACE0 \uD574\uC11C \uD488\uC9C8\uC774 \uB0AE\uC740 \uAC83\uB3C4 \uC544\uB2C8\uB2E4."@ko . . "Limigita animacio"@eo . . . "76973"^^ . . . "\uB9AC\uBBF8\uB514\uD2B8 \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158(Limited Animation)\uC740 \uC804\uCCB4 \uD504\uB808\uC784\uC744 \uC804\uBD80 \uADF8\uB9AC\uC9C0 \uC54A\uACE0 \uAC00\uBCC0\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD504\uB808\uC784 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0\uC11C \uACF5\uD1B5\uB418\uB294 \uBD80\uBD84\uC744 \uC7AC\uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uC5EC \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4\uB0B4\uB294 \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uC758 \uC81C\uC791 \uACFC\uC815 \uC911 \uD558\uB098\uC774\uB2E4. \uB9AC\uBBF8\uD2F0\uB4DC \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uC758 \uC8FC\uC694 \uD2B9\uC9D5 \uC911 \uD558\uB098\uB294 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uD615\uD0DC\uC640 \uBAA8\uC591\uC774 \uC77C\uCE58\uB41C \uB514\uC790\uC778\uC774\uB2E4. \uCD08\uAE30\uC5D0\uB294 \uC774\uAC83\uC774 '\uBAA8\uB358 \uB514\uC790\uC778'\uC73C\uB85C \uC5B8\uAE09\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC6D4\uD2B8 \uB514\uC988\uB2C8\uAC00 \uC81C\uC791\uD55C 1930\uB144\uB300\uC640 1940\uB144\uB300 \uC740 \uB9E4 \uD504\uB808\uC784\uC744 \uC808\uBB18\uD55C \uC138\uC138\uD55C \uBD80\uBD84\uACFC \uD568\uAED8 \uC0AC\uC2E4\uC801\uC778 \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uD654\uB41C \uD615\uD0DC\uB97C \uBB18\uC0AC\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uBAA9\uD45C\uB85C \uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uD615\uC2DD\uC758 \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uC740 \uC2DC\uAC04\uC774 \uB9CE\uC774 \uB4E4\uACE0 \uC81C\uC791 \uBE44\uC6A9\uB3C4 \uB192\uB2E4. \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC \uB9AC\uBBF8\uD2F0\uB4DC \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uC740 \uAC19\uC740 \uD6A8\uACFC\uB97C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uCD94\uC0C1\uD654\uB41C \uADF8\uB9BC, \uC0C1\uC9D5\uC774 \uC788\uB294 \uB3D9\uD654\uB97C \uB354 \uC801\uAC8C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4\uC11C \uBE44\uC6A9\uC774 \uD6E8\uC52C \uB354 \uC801\uAC8C \uB4E0\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC2A4\uD0C0\uC77C\uC758 \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uC740 \uCD94\uAC00\uC801\uC778 \uADF8\uB9BC \uC5C6\uC774 \uBCC0\uD654\uB97C \uAC00\uC815\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uD130\uC758 \uAE30\uC220\uC5D0 \uB9CE\uC774 \uC758\uC874\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC65C\uB0D0\uD558\uBA74 \uBD80\uC801\uC808\uD55C \uB9AC\uBBF8\uD2F0\uB4DC \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uC758 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uC740 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uBD80\uC790\uC5F0\uC2A4\uB7FD\uAC8C \uBCF4\uC774\uAE30 \uC27D\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C, \uB9AC\uBBF8\uD2F0\uB4DC \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uC740 \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uD130\uAC00 \uD604\uC2E4\uACC4\uC758 \uACBD\uACC4 \uBC16\uC5D0 \uC788\uB294 \uC608\uC220\uC801 \uD615\uC2DD\uB3C4 \uC2DC\uB3C4\uD574 \uBCFC \uC218 \uC788\uB3C4\uB85D \uD574 \uC900\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uACB0\uACFC\uB294 \uB9CC\uC77C \uC560\uB2C8\uBA54\uC774\uC158\uC774 \uC644\uC804\uD788 \uD604\uC2E4\uC801\uC778 \uC0C1\uD669\uB9CC\uC744 \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4\uB0B4\uB294 \uAC83\uC5D0 \uBAB0\uB450\uD588\uC5C8\uB2E4\uBA74 \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4\uC9C0\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC558\uC744 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . "Anima\u00E7\u00E3o limitada"@pt . . . "Limited Animation bezeichnet eine Form der Animation, die \u00FCblicherweise mit Cels, Bildfolien, und statischen Hintergr\u00FCnden ausgef\u00FChrt wird. Die Limited Animation wird von der unterschieden. H\u00E4ufig wird Limited Animation mit stehendem Bild und Full Animation mit bewegtem Bild assoziiert, sodass erstere teilweise nicht als Animation im engeren Sinne betrachtet wird."@de . "\u041E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0301\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F (\u043B\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F) \u043C\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0438\u043F\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0301\u0446\u0438\u044F \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0440 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043C\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0449\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043C\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0438\u043F\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043C\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0438\u043F\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043C\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0435."@ru . . . "\u041E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043C\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0438\u043F\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F"@ru . "Limited Animation"@de . . . . . . "La animaci\u00F3n limitada es una t\u00E9cnica de animaci\u00F3n que simplifica los movimientos, descomponi\u00E9ndolos en varios niveles. Este sistema permite acortar los tiempos y costos de producci\u00F3n de una serie animada. La animaci\u00F3n limitada permite el uso de dibujos realistas, arte abstracto y simbolismos para crear movimientos limitados que tienen el mismo efecto narrativo que una producci\u00F3n de animaci\u00F3n total.\u200B Entre los a\u00F1os 60 y 80 esta t\u00E9cnica disfrut\u00F3 de un renacimiento y, junto con la animaci\u00F3n para adultos e infantil, eclips\u00F3 el potencial de los dibujos animados estadounidenses."@es . . "L'animation limit\u00E9e est une technique de dessin anim\u00E9 qui, pour des raisons financi\u00E8res ou artistiques, r\u00E9duit au minimum le nombre de mouvements des personnages, utilise peu de d\u00E9cors et use souvent d'un nombre restreint d'images par seconde. L'\u00E9conomie qui en r\u00E9sulte provient \u00E9galement de la stylisation pouss\u00E9e des \u00E9l\u00E9ments dessin\u00E9s, ceux-ci \u00E9tant r\u00E9duits \u00E0 leur plus simple expression. Elle est compl\u00E9t\u00E9e par une certaine immobilit\u00E9 des personnages. Lorsqu'ils s'expriment, le corps est souvent fixe : seuls les yeux et la bouche s'animent. Mise au point \u00E0 la fin des ann\u00E9es 1940 par plusieurs studios d'animation am\u00E9ricains afin de r\u00E9duire leurs co\u00FBts de production, l'animation limit\u00E9e est parfois appel\u00E9e animation limit\u00E9e UPA car c'est le studio United Productions of America (UPA) qui la d\u00E9veloppa syst\u00E9matiquement. En animation sur cello, lors des dialogues de personnages, seuls les \u00E9l\u00E9ments de la physionomie, positionn\u00E9s devant le cello du visage lors de la prise de vue image par image, doivent \u00EAtre trac\u00E9s. La confection de nombreux cellos par les animateurs et surtout par les intervallistes est donc \u00E9vit\u00E9e, et le gain est \u00E9norme. Cette technique, qui est aussi un a priori stylistique, est la caract\u00E9ristique de s\u00E9ries aussi c\u00E9l\u00E8bres que Bip Bip et Coyote, Mister Magoo ou Les Pierrafeu. William Hanna et Joseph Barbera, les producteurs de Yogi l'ours, Les Fous du volant, Capitaine Caverne, Satanas et Diabolo, Wally Gator, Scooby-Doo, Les Jetson, Les Pierrafeu et bien d'autres, ont utilis\u00E9 l'animation limit\u00E9e tout au long de leur carri\u00E8re. En 1957, lorsqu'ils cr\u00E9\u00E8rent leur propre studio d'animation \u2014 Hanna-Barbera Productions \u2014 ils choisirent d'adopter une approche radicalement diff\u00E9rente de celle qu'ils avaient adopt\u00E9e pour leurs courts m\u00E9trages destin\u00E9s au cin\u00E9ma. Comme les \u00E9crans de t\u00E9l\u00E9vision \u00E9taient beaucoup plus petits que les \u00E9crans de cin\u00E9ma, l'animation limit\u00E9e, avec son accent sur les gros plans de personnages et l'humour bas\u00E9 sur les dialogues, convenait mieux \u00E0 l'exp\u00E9rience plus intime du t\u00E9l\u00E9spectateur \u00E0 domicile. Il est possible d'opposer l'animation limit\u00E9e \u00E0 l'animation r\u00E9aliste et aux d\u00E9cors d\u00E9taill\u00E9s des studios Disney, notamment dans les Silly Symphonies. Toutefois cette technique fut utilis\u00E9e dans quelques courts-m\u00E9trages Disney tels que Les Instruments de musique (1953) ou Pigs Is Pigs (1954), le premier ayant \u00E9t\u00E9 r\u00E9compens\u00E9 par un oscar du meilleur court m\u00E9trage d'animation."@fr . . . . . "Limigita animacio (angle: limited animation) estas produktmaniero de animacio per malpli multaj movigataj bildoj, kompare kun animacio per multaj movigitaj bildoj. Limigita animacio estis unue praktike uzata de Usona animacio-produktanto . Teknikoj de limigita animacio estis uzataj dum 1960-aj kaj 1970-aj por produkti amason de malmultekostaj malbonkvalitaj televidaj animacioj. Malgra\u016D la malbonkvalito de la limigita animacio, la televid-animaciaj studioj \"Hanna-Barbera\" kaj \"\" sukcesis kun \u011Di dum tiu epoko. En frua epoko de japana animacio (animeo), la manga- kaj anime-verkisto Tezuka Osamu praktike uzis tiun teknikojn por krei la animeon Tecu\u016Dan Atomu. Limigita animacio estas nun komunuza en japana animeo, aparte en animeaj televidaj serioj. Oni uzas malmultekostigan teknikon por amasproduktataj animacioj tiel: \n* ripete kaj ripete reuzi celuloidojn, fonbildojn kaj seriemontradojn de celuloidoj \u2014 animaciistoj nur devas desegni unufojon. \n* movigi nur partojn de rolulo: bu\u015Dmovo, palpebrumo, brako ktp. \n* movigi foto-kadron sur longe desegnata fonbildo dum longa tempo."@eo . . . . . . .