. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "This is a list of Brazilian scientists, those born in Brazil or who have established citizenship or residency there.(This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.)\n(Main category: Brazilian scientists)\n\n* Manuel de Abreu (1894\u20131962), physician, inventor of abreugraphy (mass radiography of the lungs for screening tuberculosis) \n* Aziz Ab'Saber (1924\u20132012), geographer; geologist; ecologist recognized for the Theory of Refuges and Amazon studies; former president of the SBPC \n* Fernando Fl\u00E1vio Marques de Almeida (1916\u20132013), geologist \n* Carlos Paz de Ara\u00FAjo, scientist and inventor, holds nearly 600 patents in the area of nanotechnology \n* Jos\u00E9 M\u00E1rcio Ayres (1954\u20132003), biologist, zoologist, primatologist \n* Marcia Barbosa (born 1960), physicist \n* Eddy Bensoussan (born 1938), physician \n* Wilson Teixeira Beraldo (1917\u20131998), co-discoverer of bradykinin \n* Thaisa Storchi Bergmann (born 1955), astrophysicist at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul \n* Carlos Augusto Bertulani (born 1955), physicist \n* Vital Brazil (1865\u20131950), physician and scientist, discoverer of the antivenom for snakes and other venomous animals \n* Ennio Candotti (born 1942), physicist and scientific leader \n* Fernando Henrique Cardoso (born 1931), sociologist and former President \n* Jos\u00E9 C\u00E2ndido de Melo Carvalho (1914\u20131994), biologist, zoologist, entomologist \n* Carlos Chagas (1879\u20131934), biologist, zoologist, public health worker \n* Evandro Chagas (1905\u20131940), physician and biomedical scientist specialized in tropical medicine; son of Carlos Chagas \n* Gauss Moutinho Cordeiro (born 1952), mathematician and statistician \n* Vera Cordeiro (born 1950), social entrepreneur and physician \n* Newton da Costa (born 1929), mathematician and logician, recognised for his works in paraconsistent logic \n* Oswaldo Cruz (1872\u20131917), physician and public health champion, eliminated yellow fever, bubonic plague and smallpox in Rio de Janeiro at the turn of the 20th century \n* Johanna D\u00F6bereiner (1924\u20132000), biologist, discoverer of the nitrogen fixing role of soil bacteria \n* Adolpho Ducke (1876\u20131959), Croatian-Brazilian biologist; zoologist; entomologist; botanist \n* Florestan Fernandes (1920\u20131995), father of Brazilian sociology \n* S\u00E9rgio Henrique Ferreira (1934\u20132016), physician and pharmacologist, discovered the active principle of a drug for hypertension \n* Carlos Chagas Filho (1910\u20132000), physician and physiologist, former president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, former president of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences; son of Carlos Chagas \n* H\u00E9rcules Florence (1804\u20131879), pioneer of photography \n* Santiago Americano Freire (1908\u20131997), physician and professor of pharmacology, psychiatrist, writer, painter \n* Gilberto Freyre (1900\u20131987), historiographer and sociologist \n* Celso Furtado (1920\u20132004), noted economist and ideologue of economy of developing nations \n* Marcelo Gleiser (born 1959), physicist, writer and professor of physics and astronomy at the Dartmouth College since 1991 \n* Jos\u00E9 Goldemberg (born 1928), physicist, former Minister of Science & Technology and Dean of the University of S\u00E3o Paulo \n* \u00C9mil G\u00F6ldi (1859\u20131917), Swiss-Brazilian biologist; zoologist; naturalist \n* Bartolomeu de Gusm\u00E3o (1685\u20131724), Brazilian Catholic priest, pioneer of aviation, the inventor of the balloon, became known as the \"flying priest\" \n* Jacques H\u00FCber (1867\u20131914), Swiss-Brazilian biologist; botanist \n* Ivan Izquierdo (1937\u20132021), physician and neuroscientist; discovered neural mechanisms of memory \n* Jean Paul Jacob (1937\u20132019), electronic engineer, researcher and professor, research manager at the Almaden IBM Research Center, California \n* Adib Jatene (1929\u20132014), heart surgeon \n* Alexander Kellner (born 1961), Liechtensteinian/Brazilian paleontologist \n* Warwick Estevam Kerr (1922\u20132018), geneticist, researcher on the biology and genetics of bees \n* Eduardo Krieger (born 1928), physician and physiologist, former president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences \n* C\u00E9sar Lattes (1924\u20132005), experimental physicist, co-discoverer of the pion, a type of subatomic particle, first president of the Brazilian National Research Council \n* Napole\u00E3o Laureano (1914\u20131951), cancer researcher \n* Aristides Le\u00E3o (1914\u20131993), physician and physiologist, discovered , a phenomenon of nervous tissue \n* \u00C2ngelo Moreira da Costa Lima (1887\u20131964), doctor, entomologist \n* Henrique da Rocha Lima (1879\u20131956), physician, pathologist and infectologist, discovered Rickettsia prowazekii, the pathogen of epidemic typhus \n* Jos\u00E9 Leite Lopes (1918\u20132006), theoretical physicist \n* Adolfo Lutz (1855\u20131940), physician and pioneer of public health \n* Jos\u00E9 Lutzenberger (1926\u20132002), ecologist and zoologist \n* Roberto Landell de Moura (1861\u20131928), pioneer of telephony \n* Fritz M\u00FCller (1821\u20131897), German-Brazilian biologist; zoologist; botanist; naturalist; entomologist \n* Miguel Nicolelis (born 1961), neuroscientist, one of Scientific American's best scientists of 2004 \n* Jacob Palis (born 1940), mathematician of international fame, current president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences \n* Maur\u00EDcio Peixoto (1921\u20132019), engineer, mathematician, pioneered the studies on structural stability, author of Peixoto's theorem \n* Domingos Soares Ferreira Penna (1818\u20131888), biologist, zoologist, naturalist \n* Jos\u00E9 Aristodemo Pinotti (1934\u20132009), physician and gynecologist, former president of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics \n* Marcos Pontes (born 1963), first Brazilian astronaut, Miss\u00E3o Centen\u00E1rio \n* Patricia Pranke (born 1967), stem cell researcher, professor \n* Ana Maria Primavesi (1920\u20132020), soil scientist and promoter of the ecological management of tropical soils \n* Andr\u00E9 Rebou\u00E7as (1838\u20131898), pioneer engineer, brother of Ant\u00F4nio Rebou\u00E7as Filho \n* Jos\u00E9 Reis (1907\u20132002), biologist, greatest Brazilian science writer \n* Gilberto Righi (1937\u20131999), biologist, zoologist, specialist on earthworms \n* Milton Santos (1926\u20132001), geographer, won the Vautrin Lud International Geography Prize, the highest award that can be gained in the field of geography \n* Alberto Santos-Dumont (1873\u20131932), aviator and inventor \n* M\u00E1rio Schenberg (1914\u20131990), theoretical physicist \n* Helmut Sick (1910\u20131991), German-Brazilian biologist; zoologist; ornithologist \n* Lotar Siewerdt (born 1939), agronomist; forage production \n* Manuel Augusto Piraj\u00E1 da Silva (1873\u20131961), responsible for the identification and complete description of the pathogenic agent and the pathophysiological cycle of schistosomiasis disease \n* Maur\u00EDcio Rocha e Silva (1910\u20131983), physician and pharmacologist, discovered bradykinin, an active cardiovascular peptide \n* Emilio Joaquim da Silva Maia (1808\u20131859), physician and naturalist \n* Nise da Silveira (1905\u20131999), psychiatrist and mental health reformer \n* Jorge Stolfi (born 1950), computer scientist, professor at UNICAMP \n* Jayme Tiomno (1920\u20132011), experimental and theoretical nuclear physicist \n* Paulo Em\u00EDlio Vanzolini (1924\u20132013), biologist, zoologist, herpetologist \n* Glaci Zancan (1935\u20132007), biochemist \n* Mayana Zatz (born 1947), biologist and geneticist \n* Euryclides Zerbini (1912\u20131993), heart surgeon, pioneer of first heart transplant in Brazil"@en . . . . . . . "1080501693"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "11068"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "This is a list of Brazilian scientists, those born in Brazil or who have established citizenship or residency there.(This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.)\n(Main category: Brazilian scientists)\n"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "List of Brazilian scientists"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "8451997"^^ . . . . . . . . . .