. . . "During its 69-year history, the Soviet Union usually had a de facto leader who would not necessarily be head of state but would lead while holding an office such as premier or general secretary. Under the 1977 Constitution, the chairman of the Council of Ministers, or premier, was the head of government and the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was the head of state. The office of the chairman of the Council of Ministers was comparable to a prime minister in the First World whereas the office of the chairman of the Presidium was comparable to a president. In the ideology of Vladimir Lenin, the head of the Soviet state was a collegiate body of the vanguard party (as described in What Is To Be Done?). Following Joseph Stalin's consolidation of power in the 1920s, the post of the general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party became synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union, because the post controlled both the Communist Party and the Soviet government both indirectly via party membership and via the tradition of a single person holding two highest posts in the party and in the government. The post of the general secretary was abolished in 1952 under Stalin and later re-established by Nikita Khrushchev under the name of the first secretary. In 1966, Leonid Brezhnev reverted the office title to its former name. Being the head of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the office of the general secretary was the highest in the Soviet Union until 1990. The post of general secretary lacked clear guidelines of succession, so after the death or removal of a Soviet leader the successor usually needed the support of the Political Bureau (Politburo), the Central Committee, or another government or party apparatus to both take and stay in power. The president of the Soviet Union, an office created in March 1990, replaced the general secretary as the highest Soviet political office. Contemporaneously to the establishment of the office of the president, representatives of the Congress of People's Deputies voted to remove Article 6 from the Soviet Constitution which stated that the Soviet Union was a one-party state controlled by the Communist Party which in turn played the leading role in society. This vote weakened the party and its hegemony over the Soviet Union and its people. Upon death, resignation, or removal from office of an incumbent president, the vice president of the Soviet Union would assume the office, though the Soviet Union dissolved before this was actually tested. After the failed August 1991 coup, the vice president was replaced by an elected member of the State Council of the Soviet Union."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "During its 69-year history, the Soviet Union usually had a de facto leader who would not necessarily be head of state but would lead while holding an office such as premier or general secretary. Under the 1977 Constitution, the chairman of the Council of Ministers, or premier, was the head of government and the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was the head of state. The office of the chairman of the Council of Ministers was comparable to a prime minister in the First World whereas the office of the chairman of the Presidium was comparable to a president. In the ideology of Vladimir Lenin, the head of the Soviet state was a collegiate body of the vanguard party (as described in What Is To Be Done?)."@en . "\uC18C\uB828 \uC9C0\uB3C4\uBD80(\uB7EC\uC2DC\uC544\uC5B4: \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u0421\u043E\u044E\u0301\u0437 \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0421\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0301\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A \uB8E8\uCE74\uBC14\uB514\uB5C4 \uC18C\uC720\uC2A4 \uC18C\uBCA0\uCE20\uD0A4\uD750 \uC18C\uCE58\uC54C\uB9AC\uC2A4\uD2F0\uCCB4\uC2A4\uD0A4\uD750 \uB808\uC2A4\uD478\uBE14\uB9AC\uD06C[*])\uB294 \uC18C\uBE44\uC5D0\uD2B8 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC8FC\uC758 \uACF5\uD654\uAD6D \uC5F0\uBC29(\uC774\uD558 \uC18C\uB828)\uC758 \uCD5C\uACE0 \uAD8C\uB825\uC790\uB85C\uC11C \uAD6D\uAC00\uB97C \uC601\uB3C4\uD55C \uB2E8\uC77C \uC778\uBB3C \uB610\uB294 \uBCF5\uC218 \uC778\uBB3C\uB4E4\uB85C \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4\uC9C4 \uC9D1\uB2E8\uC774\uB2E4. \uBC1C\uD6A8 \uC774\uD6C4 \uC18C\uBE44\uC5D0\uD2B8 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC8FC\uC758 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\uC2B9\uACC4\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD55C \uADDC\uC815\uC774 \uC5C6\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB798\uC11C \uC804\uC784 \uC11C\uAE30\uC7A5\uC774 \uC0AC\uB9DD\uD558\uAC70\uB098 \uC2E4\uAC01\uD560 \uACBD\uC6B0 \uD6C4\uC784\uC790\uB294 \uC815\uCE58\uAD6D, \uC911\uC559\uC704\uC758 \uC9C0\uC9C0\uB97C \uBC1B\uC544 \uC11C\uAE30\uC7A5\uC5D0 \uCDE8\uC784\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. 1990\uB144 3\uC6D4 \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4\uC9C4 \uC18C\uB828 \uB300\uD1B5\uB839\uC9C1\uC740 \uBA85\uBAA9\uC0C1\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC6D0\uC218\uC778 \uCD5C\uACE0 \uC18C\uBE44\uC5D0\uD2B8 \uC8FC\uC11D\uC744 \uB300\uCCB4\uD55C \uC9C1\uC704\uC774\uB098 \uC804\uC5F0\uBC29\uC758 \uC9C0\uB3C4\uC790\uC774\uC790 \uCD5C\uACE0\uAD8C\uB825\uC790\uB85C\uC11C \uC11C\uAE30\uC7A5\uC744 \uB300\uCCB4\uD55C \uAC83\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC8FC\uB85C \uB2E8\uC77C \uC9C0\uB3C4\uC790\uC758 \uC9C0\uB3C4\uD558\uC5D0 \uC6B4\uC601\uB418\uC5C8\uC73C\uBA70, \uC5EC\uB7EC \uB2F9\uB8CC\uB4E4\uC774 \uC9D1\uB2E8\uC9C0\uB3C4\uCCB4\uC81C\uB97C \uAFB8\uB824 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"Sesuai Konstitusi 1977 Uni Republik Sosialis Soviet, Ketua Dewan Menteri berkedudukan sebagai kepala pemerintahan, sedangkan Ketua Presidium Majelis Agung sebagai kepala negara. Jabatan Ketua Dewan Menteri dapat disamakan dengan jabatan \"Perdana Menteri\",sedangkan jabatan sebagai Kepala Presidium dapat disamakan dengan jabatan Presiden. Dalam tujuh puluh tahun sejarah Uni Soviet, sebenarnya tidak ada 'jabatan' pemimpin Uni Soviet, tetapi pemimpin Soviet biasanya memimpin negara melalui jabatan Perdana Menteri dan/atau jabatan Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Komunis Uni Soviet (PKUS). Dalam ideologi Vladimir Lenin kepala negara Soviet adalah tubuh dari garda depan partai (lihat What Is to Be Done?). Setelah Josef Stalin mendapatkan tampuk kekuasaan di era 1920-an, jabatan Sekretaris Jenderal Komite Pusat Partai Komunis Uni Soviet, menjadi serupa dengan 'Pemimpin Uni Soviet' karena jabatan ini mengurus Partai Komunis dan Pemerintahan Uni Soviet. Di masa pemerintahan Stalin jabatan Sekretaris Jenderal dihapus. Kemudian Nikita Khrushchev kembali membuat jabatan ini dengan nama Sekretaris Pertama hingga tahun 1966, dimana pada tahun yang sama Leonid Brezhnev mengembalikan nama jabatan ini seperi awalnya. Menjadi kepala partai komunis, jabatan Sekretaris Jenderal menjadi jabatan tertinggi di negara ini, hingga tahun 1990. Dalam jabatan SekJen, terjadi kekurangan pedoman yang jelas dalam memilih penerusnya, sehingga setelah kematian atau penggulingan pemimpin Soviet, penerus biasanya memerlukan dukungan dari Politbiro, Komite Sentral, atau aparat pemerintah atau partai untuk dapat menjadi pemimpin dan tetap berkuasa. Hingga akhirnya di bulan Maret 1990, jabatan Presiden Uni Soviet menggantikan Sekretaris Jenderal sebagai jabatan tertinggi dalam hal politik Soviet. Bersamaan dengan pembentukan jabatan Presiden, anggota-anggota Kongres Perwakilan Rakyat menghapus Pasal 6 konstitusi Soviet yang menyatakan bahwa Uni Soviet adalah negara partai tunggal yang dipimpin oleh Partai Komunis yang pada gilirannya, memainkan peran utama dalam masyarakat. Kebijakan ini melemahkan partai dan hegemoninya atas Uni Soviet dan rakyanya. Setelah kematian, pengunduran diri, atau penggulingan jabatan Presiden, Wakil Presiden Uni Soviet akan menjadi penggantinya, meskipun Uni Soviet sudah lebih dahulu runtuh sebelum kebijakan ini dilaksanakan. Setelah Kudeta Agustus mengalami kegagalan, Wapres digantikan oleh anggota terpilih yang berasal dari Dewan Negara Uni Soviet."@in . . . . . "Przyw\u00F3dcy Zwi\u0105zku Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich \u2013 przyw\u00F3dcy dawnego pa\u0144stwa, Zwi\u0105zku Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich (ZSRR)."@pl . . . "26865"^^ . . . . . "\u041D\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 \u0438 \u041A\u043E\u043C\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0421\u043E\u044E\u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 \u0441 1922 \u043F\u043E 1991 \u0433\u0433."@ru . "Sesuai Konstitusi 1977 Uni Republik Sosialis Soviet, Ketua Dewan Menteri berkedudukan sebagai kepala pemerintahan, sedangkan Ketua Presidium Majelis Agung sebagai kepala negara. Jabatan Ketua Dewan Menteri dapat disamakan dengan jabatan \"Perdana Menteri\",sedangkan jabatan sebagai Kepala Presidium dapat disamakan dengan jabatan Presiden. Dalam tujuh puluh tahun sejarah Uni Soviet, sebenarnya tidak ada 'jabatan' pemimpin Uni Soviet, tetapi pemimpin Soviet biasanya memimpin negara melalui jabatan Perdana Menteri dan/atau jabatan Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Komunis Uni Soviet (PKUS). Dalam ideologi Vladimir Lenin kepala negara Soviet adalah tubuh dari garda depan partai (lihat What Is to Be Done?)."@in . . . . . "\u039A\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03BF\u03C2 \u0397\u03B3\u03B5\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03A3\u03BF\u03B2\u03B9\u03B5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u0388\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2"@el . . 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"Lista \u00F6ver Sovjetunionens ledare"@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"November 2022"@en . . . . "\u041D\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 \u0438 \u041A\u043E\u043C\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0421\u043E\u044E\u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 \u0441 1922 \u043F\u043E 1991 \u0433\u0433."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Po bol\u0161evick\u00E9 revoluci (1917) a rusk\u00E9 ob\u010Dansk\u00E9 v\u00E1lce (1917\u20131922/1925) vznikl v roce 1922 Sov\u011Btsk\u00FD svaz. Nejv\u00FDznamn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED politick\u00E9 pozice zauj\u00EDmali nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ED p\u0159edstavitel\u00E9 vl\u00E1dy a komunistick\u00E9 strany, pozd\u011Bji tak\u00E9 p\u0159edsedov\u00E9 Prez\u00EDdia Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00EDho sov\u011Btu SSSR, od roku 1990 nam\u00EDsto toho prezident SSSR. Tituly ale byly sp\u00ED\u0161e podru\u017En\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED, sov\u011Btsk\u00E1 moc vych\u00E1zela z m\u00E9n\u011B form\u00E1ln\u00EDch struktur."@cs . . . . . . . . "Kontraste al aliaj \u015Dtatoj, la posteno de \u015Ctatestro de Sovetunio estis ofte \u015Dan\u011Dinta. Dum la historio de Sovetunio, supera gvidanto regis \u015Dtaton kiel partiestro a\u016D kiel prezidanto de registaro. \u0108i tio okazis pro la potencrivaleco inter la sovetaj politikaj elitoj. Ekzemple, Josif Stalin, kiu kiel diktatoro de Sovetunio, inter jaroj 1924 \u011Dis 1952 estis \u011Cenerala Sekretario, sed li estis Prezidanto de Soveto de Popolaj Komisaroj nur inter jaroj 1941 kaj 1946, kio estis jure \u015Dtatestro de USSR. Kelkfoje koalicio de politikistoj, Trojka krei\u011Dis, por kapto de politika potenco. Trojka krei\u011Dis post la morto de \u015Dtatestro. Trojka en 1924 (post la morto de Lenino), kies membroj estis la jenaj: Stalin, Zinovjev, Kamenev); kaj en 1953 (post la morto de Stalino), kies membroj estis la jenaj: Malenkov, Berija, Molotov) estis famaj koalicioj. Tamen tiuj koalicioj finis, kiam unu membro de la grupo kaptis politikan potencon en la ununura politika partio kaj registaro."@eo . . . . . "Seznam p\u0159edstavitel\u016F Sov\u011Btsk\u00E9ho svazu"@cs . . . . "ly"@en . . . . . "\u5728\u82CF\u805470\u5E74\u7684\u5386\u53F2\u4E0A\uFF0C\u5E76\u6CA1\u6709\u4E00\u4F4D\u5B98\u65B9\u7684\u201C\u82CF\u8054\u9886\u8896\u201D\uFF0C\u4F46\u82CF\u8054\u5171\u4EA7\u515A\u7684\u603B\u4E66\u8BB0\u901A\u5E38\u662F\u8FD9\u4E2A\u56FD\u5BB6\u7684\u5B9E\u9645\u6700\u9AD8\u9886\u5BFC\u4EBA\u3002\u5728\u5F17\u62C9\u57FA\u7C73\u5C14\u00B7\u4F0A\u91CC\u5947\u00B7\u5217\u5B81\u7684\u7406\u5FF5\u4E2D\uFF0C\u82CF\u8054\u7684\u6700\u9AD8\u9886\u5BFC\u8005\u662F\u5148\u950B\u515A\u6D3E\u7684\u5408\u8BAE\u673A\u6784\uFF0C\u5C5E\u96C6\u4F53\u9886\u5BFC\u5236\u3002\u6839\u636E1977\u5E74\u9881\u4F48\u7684\u300A\u82CF\u8054\u5BAA\u6CD5\u300B\uFF0C\u82CF\u8054\u90E8\u957F\u4F1A\u8BAE\u4E3B\u5E2D\uFF08\u524D\u671F\u70BA\u82CF\u8054\u4EBA\u6C11\u59D4\u5458\u4F1A\uFF09\u662F\u82CF\u8054\u653F\u5E9C\u9996\u8111\uFF0C\u82CF\u8054\u6700\u9AD8\u82CF\u7EF4\u57C3\u4E3B\u5E2D\u56E2\u4E3B\u5E2D\u70BA\u56FD\u5BB6\u5143\u9996\u3002\u90E8\u957F\u4F1A\u8BAE\u4E3B\u5E2D\u76F8\u5F53\u4E8E\u90E8\u5206\u897F\u65B9\u56FD\u5BB6\u7684\u603B\u7406\uFF0C\u6700\u9AD8\u82CF\u7EF4\u57C3\u4E3B\u5E2D\u56E2\u76F8\u5F53\u4E8E\u90E8\u5206\u897F\u65B9\u56FD\u5BB6\u7684\u603B\u7EDF\uFF0C\u4E3B\u5E2D\u56E2\u7684\u4E3B\u5E2D\u4E5F\u662F\u56FD\u5BB6\u5143\u9996\u4EE3\u8868\u3002 \u7EA6\u745F\u592B\u00B7\u65AF\u5927\u6797\u572820\u4E16\u7EAA20\u5E74\u4EE3\u6210\u529F\u5730\u5DE9\u56FA\u6743\u529B\u540E\uFF0C\u82CF\u8054\u5171\u4EA7\u515A\u4E2D\u592E\u59D4\u5458\u4F1A\u603B\u4E66\u8BB0\u6210\u4E3A\u82CF\u8054\u6700\u9AD8\u9886\u5BFC\u4EBA\u7684\u4EE3\u540D\u8BCD\uFF0C\u56E0\u4E3A\u8BE5\u804C\u4F4D\u540C\u65F6\u63A7\u5236\u7740\u82CF\u8054\u5171\u4EA7\u515A\u548C\u82CF\u8054\u653F\u5E9C\u3002\u603B\u4E66\u8BB0\u4E00\u804C\u7ECF\u65AF\u5927\u6797\u5E9F\u9664\u540E\uFF0C\u53C8\u5728\u8D6B\u9B6F\u96EA\u592B\u624B\u4E2D\u4EE5\u201C\u7B2C\u4E00\u66F8\u8A18\u201D\u4E4B\u540D\u91CD\u5EFA\uFF0C\u52C3\u5217\u65E5\u6D85\u592B\u518D\u4E8E1966\u5E74\u5C06\u5176\u6539\u56DE\u539F\u6765\u7684\u540D\u5B57\u3002\u4F5C\u4E3A\u5171\u4EA7\u515A\u9996\u8111\uFF0C\u603B\u4E66\u8BB0\u76F4\u52301990\u5E74\u90FD\u662F\u82CF\u8054\u6700\u9AD8\u9886\u5BFC\u4EBA\u3002\u603B\u4E66\u8BB0\u7684\u7EE7\u4EFB\u7A0B\u5E8F\u7F3A\u4E4F\u660E\u786E\u6307\u5F15\uFF0C\u6240\u4EE5\u82CF\u8054\u9886\u8896\u901D\u4E16\u6216\u662F\u906D\u89E3\u804C\u540E\uFF0C\u7EE7\u4EFB\u8005\u901A\u5E38\u9700\u8981\u82CF\u8054\u5171\u4EA7\u515A\u4E2D\u592E\u653F\u6CBB\u5C40\u3001\u4E2D\u592E\u59D4\u5458\u4F1A\u6216\u5176\u4ED6\u653F\u5E9C\u548C\u653F\u515A\u7684\u652F\u6301\u624D\u80FD\u83B7\u53D6\u5E76\u4FDD\u6709\u6743\u529B\u30021990\u5E743\u6708\u5EFA\u7ACB\u7684\u82CF\u8054\u603B\u7EDF\u4E00\u804C\u53D6\u4EE3\u603B\u4E66\u8BB0\u6210\u4E3A\u82CF\u8054\u7684\u6700\u9AD8\u653F\u6CBB\u804C\u52A1\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . "Przyw\u00F3dcy Zwi\u0105zku Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich"@pl . . . . . . . . . "\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u9023\u90A6\u306E\u6307\u5C0E\u8005\u306E\u4E00\u89A7\uFF08\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u308C\u3093\u307D\u3046\u306E\u3057\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3083\u306E\u3044\u3061\u3089\u3093\uFF09\u3067\u306F\u3001\u304B\u3064\u5B58\u5728\u3057\u305F\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u9023\u90A6\u306E\u6B74\u4EE3\u6700\u9AD8\u6307\u5C0E\u8005\u3092\u4E00\u89A7\u8868\u306B\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041B\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420"@uk . . . . "A lista a seguir inclui apenas as pessoas que foram capazes de reunir apoio suficiente do Partido Comunista da Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica (PCUS) e do governo, ou um destes para governar a Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica."@pt . . "Po bol\u0161evick\u00E9 revoluci (1917) a rusk\u00E9 ob\u010Dansk\u00E9 v\u00E1lce (1917\u20131922/1925) vznikl v roce 1922 Sov\u011Btsk\u00FD svaz. Nejv\u00FDznamn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED politick\u00E9 pozice zauj\u00EDmali nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ED p\u0159edstavitel\u00E9 vl\u00E1dy a komunistick\u00E9 strany, pozd\u011Bji tak\u00E9 p\u0159edsedov\u00E9 Prez\u00EDdia Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00EDho sov\u011Btu SSSR, od roku 1990 nam\u00EDsto toho prezident SSSR. Tituly ale byly sp\u00ED\u0161e podru\u017En\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED, sov\u011Btsk\u00E1 moc vych\u00E1zela z m\u00E9n\u011B form\u00E1ln\u00EDch struktur."@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "List of leaders of the Soviet Union"@en . . . . "\u041F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u044F\u0433\u043E\u043C 1922 \u2014 1990 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0432 \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420 \u0434\u0456\u044F\u043B\u0430 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430. \u041C\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043E\u043C \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0443 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0434\u0456\u043B\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u044F. \u041B\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0457 \u0444\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043E \u043A\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420. \u0412\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0432 \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420 \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0456 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0433\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438, \u0430\u043B\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u043D\u0430 \u043C\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441."@uk . . "Detta \u00E4r en lista \u00F6ver Sovjetunionens ledare. Efter Sovjetunionens uppl\u00F6sning 1991 forts\u00E4tter listan \u00F6ver Rysslands stats\u00F6verhuvud i Lista \u00F6ver Rysslands stats\u00F6verhuvuden. H\u00E4r listas ocks\u00E5 de som varit ordf\u00F6rande i Ryska SFSR:s h\u00F6gsta sovjet."@sv . . . . . . "Detta \u00E4r en lista \u00F6ver Sovjetunionens ledare. Efter Sovjetunionens uppl\u00F6sning 1991 forts\u00E4tter listan \u00F6ver Rysslands stats\u00F6verhuvud i Lista \u00F6ver Rysslands stats\u00F6verhuvuden. H\u00E4r listas ocks\u00E5 de som varit ordf\u00F6rande i Ryska SFSR:s h\u00F6gsta sovjet."@sv . . . . "Lista de l\u00EDderes da Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica"@pt . . . . "39677"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u9023\u90A6\u306E\u6307\u5C0E\u8005\u306E\u4E00\u89A7"@ja . "1122903473"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "A lista a seguir inclui apenas as pessoas que foram capazes de reunir apoio suficiente do Partido Comunista da Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica (PCUS) e do governo, ou um destes para governar a Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica."@pt . . . . . . . "Daftar pemimpin Uni Soviet"@in . . . . . "Con l'espressione leader dell'Unione Sovietica sono indicati coloro che nel corso della storia dell'URSS hanno detenuto de facto una posizione individuale di vertice, pur essendo il sistema sovietico improntato al principio della leadership collettiva."@it . . . "\u8607\u806F\u6700\u9AD8\u9818\u5C0E\u4EBA\u5217\u8868"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC18C\uB828 \uC9C0\uB3C4\uBD80(\uB7EC\uC2DC\uC544\uC5B4: \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u0421\u043E\u044E\u0301\u0437 \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0421\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0301\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A \uB8E8\uCE74\uBC14\uB514\uB5C4 \uC18C\uC720\uC2A4 \uC18C\uBCA0\uCE20\uD0A4\uD750 \uC18C\uCE58\uC54C\uB9AC\uC2A4\uD2F0\uCCB4\uC2A4\uD0A4\uD750 \uB808\uC2A4\uD478\uBE14\uB9AC\uD06C[*])\uB294 \uC18C\uBE44\uC5D0\uD2B8 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC8FC\uC758 \uACF5\uD654\uAD6D \uC5F0\uBC29(\uC774\uD558 \uC18C\uB828)\uC758 \uCD5C\uACE0 \uAD8C\uB825\uC790\uB85C\uC11C \uAD6D\uAC00\uB97C \uC601\uB3C4\uD55C \uB2E8\uC77C \uC778\uBB3C \uB610\uB294 \uBCF5\uC218 \uC778\uBB3C\uB4E4\uB85C \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4\uC9C4 \uC9D1\uB2E8\uC774\uB2E4. \uBC1C\uD6A8 \uC774\uD6C4 \uC18C\uBE44\uC5D0\uD2B8 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC8FC\uC758 \uACF5\uD654\uAD6D \uC5F0\uBC29(\uC774\uD558 \uC18C\uB828)\uC740 \uC7A5\uAD00\uD3C9\uC758\uD68C \uC8FC\uC11D\uC744 \uC815\uBD80\uC218\uBC18\uC73C\uB85C, \uCD5C\uACE0 \uC18C\uBE44\uC5D0\uD2B8 \uC0C1\uC784\uAC04\uBD80\uD68C \uC8FC\uC11D\uC744 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC6D0\uC218\uB85C \uC0BC\uC558\uB2E4. \uC815\uBD80\uC218\uBC18\uC778 \uC7A5\uAD00\uD3C9\uC758\uD68C \uC8FC\uC11D\uC740 \uC81C1\uC138\uACC4\uC758 \uCD1D\uB9AC\uC5D0 \uB300\uC751\uD558\uB294 \uC9C1\uCC45\uC774\uBA70, \uCD5C\uACE0 \uC18C\uBE44\uC5D0\uD2B8 \uC0C1\uC784\uAC04\uBD80\uD68C \uC8FC\uC11D\uC740 \uB300\uD1B5\uB839\uC5D0 \uB300\uC751\uD558\uB294 \uC9C1\uCC45\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uBCFC \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC18C\uB828\uC758 70\uB144 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC0C1 \"\uC9C0\uB3C4\uC790\"\uB77C\uB294 \uACF5\uC2DD \uC9C1\uD568\uC774 \uC874\uC7AC\uD55C \uC801\uC740 \uD55C \uBC88\uB3C4 \uC5C6\uC5C8\uC73C\uB098, \uB300\uAC1C \uC815\uBD80\uC218\uBC18 \uB610\uB294 \uC11C\uAE30\uC7A5\uC9C1\uC744 \uAC16\uACE0 \uC788\uB294 \uC774\uAC00 \uCD5C\uACE0\uAD8C\uB825\uC790\uB85C\uC11C \uC18C\uB828 \uC9C0\uB3C4\uBD80\uC758 \uC218\uC7A5\uACA9\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uBE14\uB77C\uB514\uBBF8\uB974 \uB808\uB2CC\uC758 \uC774\uB150\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uC18C\uBE44\uC5D0\uD2B8 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC758 \uC9C0\uB3C4\uBD80\uB294 \uC804\uC704\uB300 \uCCB4\uACC4\uB860\uC758 \uC9D1\uB2E8\uCCB4\uC81C\uB85C\uC11C \uC874\uC7AC\uD574\uC57C \uD588\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . "\u0642\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A \u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A: \n* \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0631 \u0644\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064A\u0645 \u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0634\u064A\u0648\u0639\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064F\u0646\u064E\u0638\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A \u0644\u0644\u062B\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u064A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064A\u0648\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u064F\u0644\u0650\u062F \u0641\u064A \u064A\u0648\u0645 22\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0644/\u0646\u064A\u0633\u0627\u0646 1870 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0644\u062F\u0629 \u0633\u064A\u0645\u0628\u064A\u0631\u0633\u0643. \n* \u062C\u0648\u0632\u064A\u0641 \u0633\u062A\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u062F \u062C\u0648\u0632\u064A\u0641 \u0633\u062A\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0646 (\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062C\u0648\u0632\u064A\u0641 \u0641\u064A\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0634 \u0633\u062A\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0646) \u064A\u0648\u0645 18 \u062F\u064A\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1879 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u00AB\u063A\u0648\u0631\u064A\u00BB \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0648\u0631\u062C\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064A \u0648\u0623\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0651\u062D\u0629\u060C \u0628\u062F\u0623 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0642 \u0628\u062D\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064A \u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u062D\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060C \u0644\u0639\u0628\u064E \u062F\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0645\u062D\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627\u064B \u0641\u064A \u0647\u0632\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064A\u0629. \n* \u062C\u0648\u0631\u062C\u064A \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0641 \n* \u0646\u064A\u0643\u064A\u062A\u0627 \u062E\u0631\u0648\u062A\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062D\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064A\u0648\u0639\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u0627\u062A\u064A \u0646\u064A\u0643\u064A\u062A\u0627 \u062E\u0631\u0648\u062A\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u062D\u062F \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064A\u0637\u064A\u062D \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062F\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A\u060C \u0641\u0642\u062F \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062E\u0631\u0648\u062A\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u064F\u0639\u062F \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0635\u0627\u062E\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062A\u062C\u0633\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646 "@ar . . . . . . . . "Listo de \u015Ctatestroj de Sovetunio"@eo . . . . "\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u9023\u90A6\u306E\u6307\u5C0E\u8005\u306E\u4E00\u89A7\uFF08\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u308C\u3093\u307D\u3046\u306E\u3057\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3083\u306E\u3044\u3061\u3089\u3093\uFF09\u3067\u306F\u3001\u304B\u3064\u5B58\u5728\u3057\u305F\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u9023\u90A6\u306E\u6B74\u4EE3\u6700\u9AD8\u6307\u5C0E\u8005\u3092\u4E00\u89A7\u8868\u306B\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "Kontraste al aliaj \u015Dtatoj, la posteno de \u015Ctatestro de Sovetunio estis ofte \u015Dan\u011Dinta. Dum la historio de Sovetunio, supera gvidanto regis \u015Dtaton kiel partiestro a\u016D kiel prezidanto de registaro. \u0108i tio okazis pro la potencrivaleco inter la sovetaj politikaj elitoj. Ekzemple, Josif Stalin, kiu kiel diktatoro de Sovetunio, inter jaroj 1924 \u011Dis 1952 estis \u011Cenerala Sekretario, sed li estis Prezidanto de Soveto de Popolaj Komisaroj nur inter jaroj 1941 kaj 1946, kio estis jure \u015Dtatestro de USSR."@eo . . . . . . . . . "\u0642\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A"@ar . . . . . . . "\uC18C\uB828 \uC9C0\uB3C4\uBD80"@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Leader dell'Unione Sovietica"@it . . . "Con l'espressione leader dell'Unione Sovietica sono indicati coloro che nel corso della storia dell'URSS hanno detenuto de facto una posizione individuale di vertice, pur essendo il sistema sovietico improntato al principio della leadership collettiva."@it . . . . . . "\u5728\u82CF\u805470\u5E74\u7684\u5386\u53F2\u4E0A\uFF0C\u5E76\u6CA1\u6709\u4E00\u4F4D\u5B98\u65B9\u7684\u201C\u82CF\u8054\u9886\u8896\u201D\uFF0C\u4F46\u82CF\u8054\u5171\u4EA7\u515A\u7684\u603B\u4E66\u8BB0\u901A\u5E38\u662F\u8FD9\u4E2A\u56FD\u5BB6\u7684\u5B9E\u9645\u6700\u9AD8\u9886\u5BFC\u4EBA\u3002\u5728\u5F17\u62C9\u57FA\u7C73\u5C14\u00B7\u4F0A\u91CC\u5947\u00B7\u5217\u5B81\u7684\u7406\u5FF5\u4E2D\uFF0C\u82CF\u8054\u7684\u6700\u9AD8\u9886\u5BFC\u8005\u662F\u5148\u950B\u515A\u6D3E\u7684\u5408\u8BAE\u673A\u6784\uFF0C\u5C5E\u96C6\u4F53\u9886\u5BFC\u5236\u3002\u6839\u636E1977\u5E74\u9881\u4F48\u7684\u300A\u82CF\u8054\u5BAA\u6CD5\u300B\uFF0C\u82CF\u8054\u90E8\u957F\u4F1A\u8BAE\u4E3B\u5E2D\uFF08\u524D\u671F\u70BA\u82CF\u8054\u4EBA\u6C11\u59D4\u5458\u4F1A\uFF09\u662F\u82CF\u8054\u653F\u5E9C\u9996\u8111\uFF0C\u82CF\u8054\u6700\u9AD8\u82CF\u7EF4\u57C3\u4E3B\u5E2D\u56E2\u4E3B\u5E2D\u70BA\u56FD\u5BB6\u5143\u9996\u3002\u90E8\u957F\u4F1A\u8BAE\u4E3B\u5E2D\u76F8\u5F53\u4E8E\u90E8\u5206\u897F\u65B9\u56FD\u5BB6\u7684\u603B\u7406\uFF0C\u6700\u9AD8\u82CF\u7EF4\u57C3\u4E3B\u5E2D\u56E2\u76F8\u5F53\u4E8E\u90E8\u5206\u897F\u65B9\u56FD\u5BB6\u7684\u603B\u7EDF\uFF0C\u4E3B\u5E2D\u56E2\u7684\u4E3B\u5E2D\u4E5F\u662F\u56FD\u5BB6\u5143\u9996\u4EE3\u8868\u3002 \u7EA6\u745F\u592B\u00B7\u65AF\u5927\u6797\u572820\u4E16\u7EAA20\u5E74\u4EE3\u6210\u529F\u5730\u5DE9\u56FA\u6743\u529B\u540E\uFF0C\u82CF\u8054\u5171\u4EA7\u515A\u4E2D\u592E\u59D4\u5458\u4F1A\u603B\u4E66\u8BB0\u6210\u4E3A\u82CF\u8054\u6700\u9AD8\u9886\u5BFC\u4EBA\u7684\u4EE3\u540D\u8BCD\uFF0C\u56E0\u4E3A\u8BE5\u804C\u4F4D\u540C\u65F6\u63A7\u5236\u7740\u82CF\u8054\u5171\u4EA7\u515A\u548C\u82CF\u8054\u653F\u5E9C\u3002\u603B\u4E66\u8BB0\u4E00\u804C\u7ECF\u65AF\u5927\u6797\u5E9F\u9664\u540E\uFF0C\u53C8\u5728\u8D6B\u9B6F\u96EA\u592B\u624B\u4E2D\u4EE5\u201C\u7B2C\u4E00\u66F8\u8A18\u201D\u4E4B\u540D\u91CD\u5EFA\uFF0C\u52C3\u5217\u65E5\u6D85\u592B\u518D\u4E8E1966\u5E74\u5C06\u5176\u6539\u56DE\u539F\u6765\u7684\u540D\u5B57\u3002\u4F5C\u4E3A\u5171\u4EA7\u515A\u9996\u8111\uFF0C\u603B\u4E66\u8BB0\u76F4\u52301990\u5E74\u90FD\u662F\u82CF\u8054\u6700\u9AD8\u9886\u5BFC\u4EBA\u3002\u603B\u4E66\u8BB0\u7684\u7EE7\u4EFB\u7A0B\u5E8F\u7F3A\u4E4F\u660E\u786E\u6307\u5F15\uFF0C\u6240\u4EE5\u82CF\u8054\u9886\u8896\u901D\u4E16\u6216\u662F\u906D\u89E3\u804C\u540E\uFF0C\u7EE7\u4EFB\u8005\u901A\u5E38\u9700\u8981\u82CF\u8054\u5171\u4EA7\u515A\u4E2D\u592E\u653F\u6CBB\u5C40\u3001\u4E2D\u592E\u59D4\u5458\u4F1A\u6216\u5176\u4ED6\u653F\u5E9C\u548C\u653F\u515A\u7684\u652F\u6301\u624D\u80FD\u83B7\u53D6\u5E76\u4FDD\u6709\u6743\u529B\u30021990\u5E743\u6708\u5EFA\u7ACB\u7684\u82CF\u8054\u603B\u7EDF\u4E00\u804C\u53D6\u4EE3\u603B\u4E66\u8BB0\u6210\u4E3A\u82CF\u8054\u7684\u6700\u9AD8\u653F\u6CBB\u804C\u52A1\u3002 \u5EFA\u7ACB\u603B\u7EDF\u4E00\u804C\u7684\u540C\u65F6\uFF0C\u82CF\u8054\u4EBA\u6C11\u4EE3\u8868\u5927\u4F1A\u8FD8\u7ECF\u6295\u7968\u5E9F\u9664\u300A\u82CF\u8054\u5BAA\u6CD5\u300B\u7B2C6\u6761\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4E00\u6761\u89C4\u5B9A\u82CF\u8054\u662F\u7531\u5171\u4EA7\u515A\u63A7\u5236\u7684\u4E00\u515A\u5236\u56FD\u5BB6\uFF0C\u8BA9\u5171\u4EA7\u515A\u5728\u793E\u4F1A\u4E2D\u62E5\u6709\u9886\u5BFC\u5730\u4F4D\u3002\u5E9F\u9664\u6B64\u9879\u524A\u5F31\u4E86\u5171\u4EA7\u515A\u7684\u6743\u529B\u548C\u5171\u4EA7\u515A\u5BF9\u82CF\u8054\u53CA\u5176\u4EBA\u6C11\u7684\u652F\u914D\u5730\u4F4D\u3002\u5982\u679C\u5728\u4EFB\u603B\u7EDF\u6B7B\u4EA1\u3001\u8F9E\u804C\u6216\u88AB\u7F62\u514D\uFF0C\u82CF\u8054\u526F\u603B\u7EDF\u5C06\u7EE7\u4EFB\u6210\u4E3A\u65B0\u7684\u603B\u7EDF\uFF0C\u4E0D\u8FC7\u8FD9\u79CD\u60C5\u51B5\u5C1A\u672A\u51FA\u73B0\uFF0C\u82CF\u8054\u5C31\u89E3\u4F53\u4E86\u3002\u516B\u4E00\u4E5D\u4E8B\u4EF6\u5931\u8D25\u540E\uFF0C\u526F\u603B\u7EDF\u4E9E\u7D0D\u8036\u592B\u7531\u9009\u4E3E\u51FA\u7684\u53D6\u4EE3\u3002"@zh . . . . "Przyw\u00F3dcy Zwi\u0105zku Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich \u2013 przyw\u00F3dcy dawnego pa\u0144stwa, Zwi\u0105zku Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich (ZSRR)."@pl . . . . . "\u0421\u043F\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043A \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420"@ru . . . .