. . . . . . . . . . "1117065098"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La liste des mottes castrales et ch\u00E2teaux \u00E0 mottes recense les fortifications de terre \u00E9lev\u00E9es durant le Moyen \u00C2ge comme : les enceintes de terres, les mottes castrales ou \u00AB ch\u00E2teau de terre \u00BB, les maisons fortes \u00E0 plate-forme fossoy\u00E9es et les ch\u00E2teaux de pierre \u00E9difi\u00E9s post\u00E9rieurement sur une motte, d\u00E9sign\u00E9s comme \u00AB ch\u00E2teaux \u00E0 motte \u00BB ou \u00AB ch\u00E2teaux de terre \u00BB, tous pays confondus. Les sites fortifi\u00E9s sont class\u00E9s par pays."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "31495324"^^ . . . . "A motte-and-bailey is a form of castle, with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised earthwork called a motte, accompanied by an enclosed courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to build with unskilled, often forced labour, but still militarily formidable, these castles were built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards, spreading from Normandy and Anjou in France, into the Holy Roman Empire in the 11th century. The Normans introduced the design into England and Wales following their invasion in 1066. Motte-and-bailey castles were adopted in Scotland, Ireland, the Low Countries and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. By the end of the 13th century, the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification, but "@en . . . . . . . . . . . "A motte-and-bailey is a form of castle, with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised earthwork called a motte, accompanied by an enclosed courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to build with unskilled, often forced labour, but still militarily formidable, these castles were built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards, spreading from Normandy and Anjou in France, into the Holy Roman Empire in the 11th century. The Normans introduced the design into England and Wales following their invasion in 1066. Motte-and-bailey castles were adopted in Scotland, Ireland, the Low Countries and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. By the end of the 13th century, the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification, but the earthworks remain a prominent feature in many countries."@en . . . . "La liste des mottes castrales et ch\u00E2teaux \u00E0 mottes recense les fortifications de terre \u00E9lev\u00E9es durant le Moyen \u00C2ge comme : les enceintes de terres, les mottes castrales ou \u00AB ch\u00E2teau de terre \u00BB, les maisons fortes \u00E0 plate-forme fossoy\u00E9es et les ch\u00E2teaux de pierre \u00E9difi\u00E9s post\u00E9rieurement sur une motte, d\u00E9sign\u00E9s comme \u00AB ch\u00E2teaux \u00E0 motte \u00BB ou \u00AB ch\u00E2teaux de terre \u00BB, tous pays confondus. Les sites fortifi\u00E9s sont class\u00E9s par pays. Ce symbole plac\u00E9 devant un site fait \u00E9tat d'une fortification de terre qui a \u00E9t\u00E9 transform\u00E9e en ch\u00E2teau de pierre. Attention de nombreuses mottes castrales n'ont jamais \u00E9t\u00E9 fouill\u00E9es, et il est difficile de dire si sur leurs sommets on a \u00E9difi\u00E9 une construction en pierre."@fr . . . . . "6306"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "List of motte-and-bailey castles"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Liste des mottes castrales et ch\u00E2teaux \u00E0 mottes"@fr . . . . . .