. "\u041B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B (\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u043A\u0430)"@ru . "En logique math\u00E9matique, un litt\u00E9ral est un atome (aussi appel\u00E9 litt\u00E9ral positif) ou la n\u00E9gation d'un atome (aussi appel\u00E9 litt\u00E9ral n\u00E9gatif). En logique propositionnelle, une variable P est un litt\u00E9ral, de m\u00EAme que sa n\u00E9gation \u00ACP ; les formes normales disjonctives sont les disjonctions de conjonctions de litt\u00E9raux, ainsi que les litt\u00E9raux seuls, les disjonctions et conjonctions de litt\u00E9raux, et les disjonctions de conjonctions et de litt\u00E9raux."@fr . . "\u0412 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u043A\u0435 \u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u043E\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u0443, \u0431\u0435\u0437 0 \u0438 1, \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0435\u0451 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435. \u0421\u043E\u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043F\u0430 \u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432: \n* \u041F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B \u2014 \u043D\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u0430. \n* \u041E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B \u2014 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u044B."@ru . . "\u041B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B (\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u043A\u0430)"@uk . . . . . "En l\u00F3gica matem\u00E1tica, un literal es una f\u00F3rmula at\u00F3mica o su negaci\u00F3n. La definici\u00F3n del concepto se halla sobre todo en la teor\u00EDa de la demostraci\u00F3n. Se pueden considerar dos tipos de variables: \n* Positivo: un \u00E1tomo (entendi\u00E9ndose por tal una f\u00F3rmula at\u00F3mica). \n* Negativo: la negaci\u00F3n de un \u00E1tomo. Se dice que dos literales son opuestos o complementarios si uno de ellos es la negaci\u00F3n del otro. Si un literal se expresa como , su opuesto o complementario se puede expresar como , o bien como De manera m\u00E1s precisa, si , entonces es , y si , entonces es ."@es . . . "Letterale"@it . . "In mathematical logic, a literal is an atomic formula (also known as an atom or prime formula) or its negation. The definition mostly appears in proof theory (of classical logic), e.g. in conjunctive normal form and the method of resolution. Literals can be divided into two types: \n* A positive literal is just an atom (e.g., ). \n* A negative literal is the negation of an atom (e.g., ). The polarity of a literal is positive or negative depending on whether it is a positive or negative literal."@en . "\u0423 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0446\u0456 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u043E\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C , \u0431\u0435\u0437 0 \u0456 1, \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0457\u0457 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E, \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043F\u0438 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0432: \n* \u0421\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B \u2014 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u044C\u043E \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u0430. \n* \u0417\u0430\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B \u2014 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u0438."@uk . . "Literal (mathematical logic)"@en . . . . . . . . "\u0423 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0446\u0456 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u043E\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C , \u0431\u0435\u0437 0 \u0456 1, \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0457\u0457 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E, \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043F\u0438 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0432: \n* \u0421\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B \u2014 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u044C\u043E \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u0430. \n* \u0417\u0430\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B \u2014 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u0438."@uk . . . "1109486481"^^ . . . . . "\u0412 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u043A\u0435 \u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u043E\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u0443, \u0431\u0435\u0437 0 \u0438 1, \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0435\u0451 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435. \u0421\u043E\u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043F\u0430 \u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432: \n* \u041F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B \u2014 \u043D\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u0430. \n* \u041E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B \u2014 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u043B\u044B."@ru . "7792761"^^ . . . "In de wiskundige logica is een literaal (Engels: literal) een atomaire formule (ook wel atoom genoemd) of de negatie ervan. Het woord literaal wordt vooral gebruikt om de elementen van clausules van formules in conjunctieve normaalvorm te benoemen. Een literaal wordt positief genoemd als het een atoom is, en negatief als het de negatie van een atoom is. Een pure literaal is een literaal die in een formule alleen positief of alleen negatief voorkomt. De literaal is bijvoorbeeld puur in , waar , en atomen zijn. Een atoom en z'n negatie worden complementaire literalen genoemd."@nl . "In mathematical logic, a literal is an atomic formula (also known as an atom or prime formula) or its negation. The definition mostly appears in proof theory (of classical logic), e.g. in conjunctive normal form and the method of resolution. Literals can be divided into two types: \n* A positive literal is just an atom (e.g., ). \n* A negative literal is the negation of an atom (e.g., ). The polarity of a literal is positive or negative depending on whether it is a positive or negative literal. In logics with double negation elimination (where ) the complementary literal or complement of a literal can be defined as the literal corresponding to the negation of . We can write to denote the complementary literal of . More precisely, if then is and if then is . Double negation elimination occurs in classical logics but not in intuitionistic logic. In the context of a formula in the conjunctive normal form, a literal is pure if the literal's complement does not appear in the formula. In Boolean functions, each separate occurrence of a variable, either in inverse or uncomplemented form, is a literal. For example, if , and are variables then the expression contains three literals and the expression contains four literals. However, the expression would also be said to contain four literals, because although two of the literals are identical ( appears twice) these qualify as two separate occurrences."@en . "\u5728\u6570\u7406\u903B\u8F91\u4E2D\uFF0C\u6587\u5B57(literal)\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u539F\u5B50\u516C\u5F0F(atom)\u6216\u5B83\u7684\u5426\u5B9A\u3002\u6587\u5B57\u53EF\u4EE5\u5206\u4E3A\u4E24\u79CD\u7C7B\u578B: \n* \u80AF\u5B9A\u6587\u5B57\u5C31\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u539F\u5B50\u3002 \n* \u5426\u5B9A\u6587\u5B57\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u539F\u5B50\u7684\u5426\u5B9A\u3002 \u7EAF\u6587\u5B57\u662F\u5176\u53D8\u91CF(\u5728\u67D0\u4E2A\u516C\u5F0F\u5185)\u7684\u6240\u6709\u51FA\u73B0\u90FD\u6709\u76F8\u540C\u7B26\u53F7\u7684\u6587\u5B57\u3002"@zh . "4639"^^ . . . . . "En logique math\u00E9matique, un litt\u00E9ral est un atome (aussi appel\u00E9 litt\u00E9ral positif) ou la n\u00E9gation d'un atome (aussi appel\u00E9 litt\u00E9ral n\u00E9gatif). En logique propositionnelle, une variable P est un litt\u00E9ral, de m\u00EAme que sa n\u00E9gation \u00ACP ; les formes normales disjonctives sont les disjonctions de conjonctions de litt\u00E9raux, ainsi que les litt\u00E9raux seuls, les disjonctions et conjonctions de litt\u00E9raux, et les disjonctions de conjonctions et de litt\u00E9raux. Un litt\u00E9ral unitaire (resp. pur ou monotone) est un litt\u00E9ral apparaissant dans une clause unaire (resp. un litt\u00E9ral dont le litteral oppos\u00E9 n'apparait pas dans la formule)."@fr . . "Nella logica proposizionale, un letterale \u00E8 una formula atomica o la sua negazione. Un letterale pu\u00F2 essere di due tipi: positivo o negativo. Dato un letterale , il suo complemento \u00E8 un letterale rappresentato con la negazione di , e viene scritto con . Pi\u00F9 precisamente, se allora \u00E8 e se allora \u00E8 . Nel contesto di una formula in forma normale congiuntiva, un letterale \u00E8 detto puro se il suo complemento non appare nella formula."@it . . . . . "Litt\u00E9ral (logique)"@fr . "\u5728\u6570\u7406\u903B\u8F91\u4E2D\uFF0C\u6587\u5B57(literal)\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u539F\u5B50\u516C\u5F0F(atom)\u6216\u5B83\u7684\u5426\u5B9A\u3002\u6587\u5B57\u53EF\u4EE5\u5206\u4E3A\u4E24\u79CD\u7C7B\u578B: \n* \u80AF\u5B9A\u6587\u5B57\u5C31\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u539F\u5B50\u3002 \n* \u5426\u5B9A\u6587\u5B57\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u539F\u5B50\u7684\u5426\u5B9A\u3002 \u7EAF\u6587\u5B57\u662F\u5176\u53D8\u91CF(\u5728\u67D0\u4E2A\u516C\u5F0F\u5185)\u7684\u6240\u6709\u51FA\u73B0\u90FD\u6709\u76F8\u540C\u7B26\u53F7\u7684\u6587\u5B57\u3002"@zh . "Na l\u00F3gica matem\u00E1tica, um literal \u00E9 uma f\u00F3rmula at\u00F4mica (\u00E1tomo) ou a nega\u00E7\u00E3o de um \u00E1tomo. Os literais podem ser divididos em dois tipos: \n* Um literal positivo nada mais \u00E9 do que um \u00E1tomo. \n* Um literal negativo \u00E9 a nega\u00E7\u00E3o de um \u00E1tomo. Dois literais s\u00E3o ditos opostos ou complementares se um deles \u00E9 a nega\u00E7\u00E3o do outro. \u00C9 usual denotar-se por o literal oposto a . Um literal \u00E9 dito puro em um conjunto de cl\u00E1usulas se este conjunto n\u00E3o cont\u00E9m cl\u00E1usulas da forma"@pt . . "Literal (l\u00F3gica matem\u00E1tica)"@pt . . . . . "Literaal"@nl . . . "\u6587\u5B57 (\u6570\u7406\u903B\u8F91)"@zh . "En l\u00F3gica matem\u00E1tica, un literal es una f\u00F3rmula at\u00F3mica o su negaci\u00F3n. La definici\u00F3n del concepto se halla sobre todo en la teor\u00EDa de la demostraci\u00F3n. Se pueden considerar dos tipos de variables: \n* Positivo: un \u00E1tomo (entendi\u00E9ndose por tal una f\u00F3rmula at\u00F3mica). \n* Negativo: la negaci\u00F3n de un \u00E1tomo. Se dice que dos literales son opuestos o complementarios si uno de ellos es la negaci\u00F3n del otro. Si un literal se expresa como , su opuesto o complementario se puede expresar como , o bien como De manera m\u00E1s precisa, si , entonces es , y si , entonces es ."@es . . . . "Nella logica proposizionale, un letterale \u00E8 una formula atomica o la sua negazione. Un letterale pu\u00F2 essere di due tipi: positivo o negativo. Dato un letterale , il suo complemento \u00E8 un letterale rappresentato con la negazione di , e viene scritto con . Pi\u00F9 precisamente, se allora \u00E8 e se allora \u00E8 . Nel contesto di una formula in forma normale congiuntiva, un letterale \u00E8 detto puro se il suo complemento non appare nella formula."@it . . . "Literal (l\u00F3gica matem\u00E1tica)"@es . "In de wiskundige logica is een literaal (Engels: literal) een atomaire formule (ook wel atoom genoemd) of de negatie ervan. Het woord literaal wordt vooral gebruikt om de elementen van clausules van formules in conjunctieve normaalvorm te benoemen. Een literaal wordt positief genoemd als het een atoom is, en negatief als het de negatie van een atoom is. Een pure literaal is een literaal die in een formule alleen positief of alleen negatief voorkomt. De literaal is bijvoorbeeld puur in , waar , en atomen zijn. Een atoom en z'n negatie worden complementaire literalen genoemd. Een literaal is maximaal in een clausule als de literaal de grootste is op basis van een bepaalde ordening van literalen."@nl . "Na l\u00F3gica matem\u00E1tica, um literal \u00E9 uma f\u00F3rmula at\u00F4mica (\u00E1tomo) ou a nega\u00E7\u00E3o de um \u00E1tomo. Os literais podem ser divididos em dois tipos: \n* Um literal positivo nada mais \u00E9 do que um \u00E1tomo. \n* Um literal negativo \u00E9 a nega\u00E7\u00E3o de um \u00E1tomo. Dois literais s\u00E3o ditos opostos ou complementares se um deles \u00E9 a nega\u00E7\u00E3o do outro. \u00C9 usual denotar-se por o literal oposto a . Um literal \u00E9 dito puro em um conjunto de cl\u00E1usulas se este conjunto n\u00E3o cont\u00E9m cl\u00E1usulas da forma"@pt .