. . "29527370"^^ . "957061662"^^ . . "Lyapunov vector"@en . "In applied mathematics and dynamical system theory, Lyapunov vectors, named after Aleksandr Lyapunov, describe characteristic expanding and contracting directions of a dynamical system. They have been used in predictability analysis and as initial perturbations for ensemble forecasting in numerical weather prediction. In modern practice they are often replaced by bred vectors for this purpose."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "In applied mathematics and dynamical system theory, Lyapunov vectors, named after Aleksandr Lyapunov, describe characteristic expanding and contracting directions of a dynamical system. They have been used in predictability analysis and as initial perturbations for ensemble forecasting in numerical weather prediction. In modern practice they are often replaced by bred vectors for this purpose."@en . . . . . . . "7370"^^ . . . . . . . . .