"Magnus Liber"@it . . . "Musical score"@en . . . . . . "O Magnus Liber ou Magnus Liber Organi \u00E9 um manuscrito de m\u00FAsica medieval que cont\u00E9m pe\u00E7as de organum. O nome completo do livro \u00E9 Magnus liber organi de graduali et antiphonario pro servitio divino. Foi escrito durante o s\u00E9culo XII e princ\u00EDpios do s\u00E9culo XIII. As suas composi\u00E7\u00F5es s\u00E3o atribu\u00EDdas aos mestres da Escola de Notre-Dame, entre os que se encontram L\u00E9onin e o seu sucessor, P\u00E9rotin."@pt . . . . . . . "Magnus liber"@fr . . "Magnus liber organi nebo Magnus Liber cel\u00FDm n\u00E1zvem Magnus liber organi de graduali et antiphonario pro servitio divino je kniha obsahuj\u00EDc\u00ED kolekci polyfonn\u00EDho (v\u00EDcehlas\u00E9ho) reperto\u00E1ru, vytvo\u0159enou francouzsk\u00FDmi skladateli L\u00E9oninem (prvn\u00ED verze) a P\u00E9rotinem (druh\u00E1, modernizovan\u00E1 a zkr\u00E1cen\u00E1 verze) pro katedr\u00E1lu Notre Dame v Pa\u0159\u00ED\u017Ei v obdob\u00ED od sklonku 12. do po\u010D\u00E1tku 13. stolet\u00ED. P\u0159edstavuje produkci tzv. Notredamsk\u00E9 \u0161koly coby v\u00FDznamn\u00E9ho obdob\u00ED rozvoje v\u00EDcehlasu, kter\u00FD byl prvn\u00ED f\u00E1z\u00ED ars antiqua. V \u010De\u0161tin\u011B se nez\u0159\u00EDdka ozna\u010Duje chybn\u00FDm doslovn\u00FDm p\u0159ekladem Velk\u00E1 varhann\u00ED kniha. Tento p\u0159eklad je obsahov\u00FDm nonsensem, nebo\u0165 organum v tomto p\u0159\u00EDpad\u011B nem\u00E1 s varhanami nic spole\u010Dn\u00E9ho, znamen\u00E1 toti\u017E techniku ran\u00E9 formy polyfonie, kterou je dvojhlas\u00FD zp\u011Bv."@cs . "Latin"@en . . . "Magnus Liber"@en . . . "Magnus liber organi nebo Magnus Liber cel\u00FDm n\u00E1zvem Magnus liber organi de graduali et antiphonario pro servitio divino je kniha obsahuj\u00EDc\u00ED kolekci polyfonn\u00EDho (v\u00EDcehlas\u00E9ho) reperto\u00E1ru, vytvo\u0159enou francouzsk\u00FDmi skladateli L\u00E9oninem (prvn\u00ED verze) a P\u00E9rotinem (druh\u00E1, modernizovan\u00E1 a zkr\u00E1cen\u00E1 verze) pro katedr\u00E1lu Notre Dame v Pa\u0159\u00ED\u017Ei v obdob\u00ED od sklonku 12. do po\u010D\u00E1tku 13. stolet\u00ED. P\u0159edstavuje produkci tzv. Notredamsk\u00E9 \u0161koly coby v\u00FDznamn\u00E9ho obdob\u00ED rozvoje v\u00EDcehlasu, kter\u00FD byl prvn\u00ED f\u00E1z\u00ED ars antiqua. V \u010De\u0161tin\u011B se nez\u0159\u00EDdka ozna\u010Duje chybn\u00FDm doslovn\u00FDm p\u0159ekladem Velk\u00E1 varhann\u00ED kniha. Tento p\u0159eklad je obsahov\u00FDm nonsensem, nebo\u0165 organum v tomto p\u0159\u00EDpad\u011B nem\u00E1 s varhanami nic spole\u010Dn\u00E9ho, znamen\u00E1 toti\u017E techniku ran\u00E9 formy polyfonie, kterou je dvojhlas\u00FD zp\u011Bv."@cs . . . "13"^^ . . . . . "Der magnus liber organi (\u201EGro\u00DFes Buch des Organum\u201C) ist eine mittelalterliche Sammlung von organa und clausulae, also mehrstimmiger Abschnitte der Chor\u00E4le. Das Werk, mit vollst\u00E4ndigem Titel Magnus liber organi de graduali et antiphonario pro servitio divino (\u201EGro\u00DFes Buch des Organum zum Graduale und Antiphonar f\u00FCr den Gottesdienst\u201C), ist das musikgeschichtlich bedeutendste Zeugnis der Notre-Dame-Schule des sp\u00E4ten 12. und 13. Jahrhunderts."@de . . . "*El Magnus liber o Magnus liber organi es un manuscrito de m\u00FAsica medieval que contiene piezas de \u00F3rganum. El nombre completo del libro es Magnus liber organi de graduali et antiphonario pro servitio divino. Fue escrito durante el siglo XII y principios del XIII. Sus composiciones son atribuidas a los maestros de la Escuela de Notre Dame, entre los que se encuentran L\u00E9onin y su sucesor P\u00E9rotin (conocemos estos nombres gracias a un estudiante de la Universidad de Par\u00EDs conocido como An\u00F3nimo IV). El Magnus liber constituye un paso en la evoluci\u00F3n desde el canto llano hasta la intrincada polifon\u00EDa de finales del siglo XIII y XIV (v\u00E9anse Guillaume de Machaut y Ars nova). El manuscrito contiene treinta y tres trabajos para la misa y trece piezas para las horas y su m\u00FAsica fue utilizada en la liturgia durante las festividades a trav\u00E9s de todo el a\u00F1o lit\u00FArgico."@es . "\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0443\u043C\u0443 (\u043B\u0430\u0442. Magnus Liber Organi) \u2014 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0454 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u044E \u0437\u0431\u0456\u0440\u043A\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043C\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0445 \u044F\u043A \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0443\u043C\u0438. \u041F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0438 Magnus liber organi de graduali et antiphonario pro servitio divino. \u041D\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0456 \u0432 12-\u043C\u0443 \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043A\u0443 13 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u044C \u043C\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0448\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u041D\u043E\u0442\u0440-\u0414\u0430\u043C, \u0437\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u041B\u0435\u043E\u043D\u0456\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0456 \u041F\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0456\u043D\u043E\u043C, \u0456\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044F\u043A\u0438 \u043D\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0456, \u044F\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0456 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0456\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u044F\u043A ."@uk . "MS F"@en . . . "Magnus liber organi (\u041C\u0430\u0301\u0433\u043D\u0443\u0441 \u043B\u0438\u0301\u0431\u0435\u0440 \u043E\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438, \u043B\u0430\u0442. \u00AB\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0443\u043C\u0430\u00BB) \u2014 \u0443\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E (\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 1000 \u043F\u044C\u0435\u0441) \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0443\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438, \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0435\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0440 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0448\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044B \u041D\u043E\u0442\u0440-\u0414\u0430\u043C. \u041D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0443\u044E \u0446\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442 \u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E\u0433\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0435 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0443\u043C\u0430 (\u043E\u0442\u0441\u044E\u0434\u0430 \u043E\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435). \u0420\u0443\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u00ABMagnus liber organi\u00BB \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F XIII \u0432., \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u0443\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0440 \u2014 \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0439 XII \u0432."@ru . "Magnus liber"@es . "Der magnus liber organi (\u201EGro\u00DFes Buch des Organum\u201C) ist eine mittelalterliche Sammlung von organa und clausulae, also mehrstimmiger Abschnitte der Chor\u00E4le. Das Werk, mit vollst\u00E4ndigem Titel Magnus liber organi de graduali et antiphonario pro servitio divino (\u201EGro\u00DFes Buch des Organum zum Graduale und Antiphonar f\u00FCr den Gottesdienst\u201C), ist das musikgeschichtlich bedeutendste Zeugnis der Notre-Dame-Schule des sp\u00E4ten 12. und 13. Jahrhunderts."@de . . "\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0443\u043C\u0443"@uk . . "1064583300"^^ . . . "*El Magnus liber o Magnus liber organi es un manuscrito de m\u00FAsica medieval que contiene piezas de \u00F3rganum. El nombre completo del libro es Magnus liber organi de graduali et antiphonario pro servitio divino. Fue escrito durante el siglo XII y principios del XIII. Sus composiciones son atribuidas a los maestros de la Escuela de Notre Dame, entre los que se encuentran L\u00E9onin y su sucesor P\u00E9rotin (conocemos estos nombres gracias a un estudiante de la Universidad de Par\u00EDs conocido como An\u00F3nimo IV)."@es . . . . "Magnus liber organi (\u041C\u0430\u0301\u0433\u043D\u0443\u0441 \u043B\u0438\u0301\u0431\u0435\u0440 \u043E\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438, \u043B\u0430\u0442. \u00AB\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0443\u043C\u0430\u00BB) \u2014 \u0443\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E (\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 1000 \u043F\u044C\u0435\u0441) \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0443\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0438, \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0435\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0440 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0448\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044B \u041D\u043E\u0442\u0440-\u0414\u0430\u043C. \u041D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0443\u044E \u0446\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442 \u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E\u0433\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0435 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0443\u043C\u0430 (\u043E\u0442\u0441\u044E\u0434\u0430 \u043E\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435). \u0420\u0443\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u00ABMagnus liber organi\u00BB \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F XIII \u0432., \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u0443\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0440 \u2014 \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0439 XII \u0432."@ru . . . . . . . . . "Anonymous"@en . . . . . "Magnus Liber Organi"@en . "The Magnus Liber or Magnus liber organi (English translation: Great Book of Organum), written in Latin, was a repertory of medieval music known as organum. This collection of organum survives today in three major manuscripts. This repertoire was in use by the Notre-Dame school composers working in Paris around the end of the twelfth and beginning of the thirteenth centuries, though it is well agreed upon by scholars that Leonin contributed a bulk of the organum in the repertoire. This large body of repertoire is known from references to a \"magnum volumen\" by Johannes de Garlandia and to a \"Magnus liber organi de graduali et antiphonario pro servitio divino\" by the English music theorist known as Anonymous IV. Today it is known only from later manuscripts containing compositions named in Anonymous IV's description. The Magnus Liber is regarded as one of the earliest collections of polyphony."@en . "Le Magnus liber ou Magnus liber organi est un recueil de musique m\u00E9di\u00E9vale de type organum et clausule.Le nom complet est Magnus liber organi de graduali et antiphonario pro servitio divino, ce qui signifie \u00AB Grand livre de l'organum, sur le graduel et l'antiphonaire, pour le service divin \u00BB."@fr . . . . . "\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0443\u043C\u0443 (\u043B\u0430\u0442. Magnus Liber Organi) \u2014 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0454 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u044E \u0437\u0431\u0456\u0440\u043A\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043C\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0445 \u044F\u043A \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0443\u043C\u0438. \u041F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0438 Magnus liber organi de graduali et antiphonario pro servitio divino. \u041D\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0456 \u0432 12-\u043C\u0443 \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043A\u0443 13 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u044C \u043C\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0448\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u041D\u043E\u0442\u0440-\u0414\u0430\u043C, \u0437\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u041B\u0435\u043E\u043D\u0456\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0456 \u041F\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0456\u043D\u043E\u043C, \u0456\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044F\u043A\u0438 \u043D\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0456, \u044F\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0456 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0456\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u044F\u043A . \u0422\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438 \u0437 Magnus Liber \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0431\u043E\u0433\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0456\u043D\u043D\u044F\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u044F\u0433\u043E\u043C \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443. \u0422\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0442 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0442\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0444\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0457, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435 \u0457\u0445 \u043D\u043E\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F \u043D\u0435 \u0454 \u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u044E. \u041E\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0456\u043D\u0430\u043B \u0446\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u043D\u0435 \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0441\u044F, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u043D\u0456 \u043A\u043E\u043F\u0456\u0457."@uk . "Illustration at beginning of manuscript F of the Magnus liber"@en . "Magnus liber organi"@ru . "O Magnus Liber ou Magnus Liber Organi \u00E9 um manuscrito de m\u00FAsica medieval que cont\u00E9m pe\u00E7as de organum. O nome completo do livro \u00E9 Magnus liber organi de graduali et antiphonario pro servitio divino. Foi escrito durante o s\u00E9culo XII e princ\u00EDpios do s\u00E9culo XIII. As suas composi\u00E7\u00F5es s\u00E3o atribu\u00EDdas aos mestres da Escola de Notre-Dame, entre os que se encontram L\u00E9onin e o seu sucessor, P\u00E9rotin. O Magnus Liber constitui um passo na evolu\u00E7\u00E3o desde o canto gregoriano at\u00E9 \u00E0 intrincada polifonia de finais do s\u00E9culo XIII e s\u00E9culo XIV. O manuscrito cont\u00E9m 33 trabalho para missa e 13 pe\u00E7as para as horas can\u00F3nicas e a sua m\u00FAsica foi utilizada na liturgia durante as festividades ao longo de todo o ano lit\u00FArgico."@pt . . . . . . . . . "Le Magnus liber ou Magnus liber organi est un recueil de musique m\u00E9di\u00E9vale de type organum et clausule.Le nom complet est Magnus liber organi de graduali et antiphonario pro servitio divino, ce qui signifie \u00AB Grand livre de l'organum, sur le graduel et l'antiphonaire, pour le service divin \u00BB."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2288129"^^ . . . "Magnus liber organi"@cs . . "France"@en . "Magnus liber organi"@de . . . "Magnus Liber"@pt . "Magnus Liber Organi"@en . . . . . . "Magnus Liber o Magnus Liber Organi (Grande libro dell'Organum), \u00E8 una raccolta di composizioni medioevali denominate organa. Il nome completo della raccolta \u00E8 Magnus liber organi de graduali et antiphonario pro servitio divino. Pubblicata fra la fine del XII secolo e i primi anni del XIII secolo, questa serie di composizioni viene attribuita ai maestri della Scuola di Notre-Dame ed in particolare a L\u00E9onin e P\u00E9rotin. Il Magnus Liber rappresenta un passaggio, nell'evoluzione della musica occidentale, fra il canto piano e la polifonia del XIII e XIV secolo.La musica del Magnus Liber mostra dei punti di contatto con l'emergente stile Gotico in architettura. Cos\u00EC come le splendide cattedrali venivano edificate sulle rovine di antiche chiese (luoghi sacri), gli organa erano elaborati sulla base di antichi canti Gregoriani che erano musica sacra. Una voce cantava le note del canto Gregoriano tenute molto a lungo (chiamate tenor dal latino che significa tenere); questa voce conosciuta come (voce principale), teneva il canto in modo tale che non si riusciva pi\u00F9 a capire il significato del testo. Una, due o tre altre voci, conosciute come (voci rampanti) si muovevano velocemente intrecciandosi a vicenda. L'evoluzione dalla monodia alla polifonia diede luogo alla nascita degli organa. La consuetudine dell'uso del tenor fu trasferita alla musica profana e le parole dei testi sopravvissero, in alcuni casi, molto bene. Uno dei pi\u00F9 comuni tipi di organa fu la clausula che \u00E8 costituita da sezioni di polifonia che possono sostituirsi ai lunghi organa. La musica del Magnus Liber era usata nella liturgia nelle feste religiose."@it . . . "Magnus Liber o Magnus Liber Organi (Grande libro dell'Organum), \u00E8 una raccolta di composizioni medioevali denominate organa. Il nome completo della raccolta \u00E8 Magnus liber organi de graduali et antiphonario pro servitio divino. Pubblicata fra la fine del XII secolo e i primi anni del XIII secolo, questa serie di composizioni viene attribuita ai maestri della Scuola di Notre-Dame ed in particolare a L\u00E9onin e P\u00E9rotin. La musica del Magnus Liber era usata nella liturgia nelle feste religiose."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Magnus Liber or Magnus liber organi (English translation: Great Book of Organum), written in Latin, was a repertory of medieval music known as organum. This collection of organum survives today in three major manuscripts. This repertoire was in use by the Notre-Dame school composers working in Paris around the end of the twelfth and beginning of the thirteenth centuries, though it is well agreed upon by scholars that Leonin contributed a bulk of the organum in the repertoire. This large body of repertoire is known from references to a \"magnum volumen\" by Johannes de Garlandia and to a \"Magnus liber organi de graduali et antiphonario pro servitio divino\" by the English music theorist known as Anonymous IV. Today it is known only from later manuscripts containing compositions named in An"@en . "12398"^^ . . . .