. "Woman's skirt , China, Qing Dynasty, c. 1880-1900, damask and satin - Patricia Harris Gallery of Textiles & Costume, Royal Ontario Museum - DSC09380.JPG"@en . "Skirt, two pieces .jpg"@en . . . . "Langanqun"@en . "--07-21"^^ . "Ming Emperor Xianzong Enjoying the Lantern Festival .jpg"@en . "Mamianqun based on the orthodox, Ming dynasty-style design"@en . . "68180855"^^ . . "\u5B54\u5E9C\u85CF\u599D\u82B1\u7E54\u91D1\u85CD\u7DDE\u88D9.jpg"@en . "Princess Diana wearing a mamianqun, February 1981.png"@en . . . . "Qing dynasty mamianqun , Late 19th Century-Early 20th Century"@en . . . . "Fengweiqun"@en . . . . . "People wearing Hanfu at IDO32 .jpg"@en . . "57"^^ . . "54"^^ . "\"Women did not wear broad trousers [\u5BBD\u88E4] and apron [\u895C], and for the convenience of donkey riding, the whirling skirt [xuanqun, \u65CB\u88D9] must have openings at both the back and the front [\u5FC5\u524D\u540E\u5F00\u80EF]. This style was popular among female performers in the capital but it was admired and imitated by female members of the literati families, which was indeed a shame\"."@en . . "Mangchu, Qing dynasty"@en . . "49"^^ . . "\"One of the prettiest parts of a Chinese lady's dress is the petticoat, which appears about a foot below the upper robe covering the feet. Each side of the skirt is plaited about six times, and in front and rear are two pieces of Buckram to which they are attached; both the plaits and front pieces are stiffened with wire and lining. Embroidery is worked upon two pieces, and upon the plaits within and without in such a way that as the wearer steps, the action of the feet alternatively opens and shuts them on each side, disclosing the part or the whole of two different colored figures. The plaits are so contrived, that they are the same when seen in front or from behind, and the effect is more elegant when the colors are well contrasted. In order to produce this, the plaits close around the feet in just the contrary manner to the wide skirt of western ladies."@en . . . . "in A Social History of Middle-Period China: The Song, Liao, Western Xia and Jin Dynasties"@en . . "HK TST \u5C16\u6C99\u5480 Tsim Sha Tsui HKMOA \u9999\u6E2F\u85DD\u8853\u9928 Hong Kong Museum of Art \u53E4\u8463 Chinese Heritage May 2022 Px3 114.jpg"@en . . . . . . "p.55"@en . . . . . . . "horizontal"@en . "Mamianqun (simplified Chinese: \u9A6C\u9762\u88D9; traditional Chinese: \u99AC\u9762\u88D9; pinyin: m\u01CEmi\u00E0nq\u00FAn; lit. 'horse face skirt'), also known as mamianzhequn (simplified Chinese: \u9A6C\u9762\u8936\u88D9; traditional Chinese: \u99AC\u9762\u8936\u88D9; lit. 'horse-face pleated skirt'), sometimes simply referred as 'apron' (Chinese: \u56F4\u88D9; pinyin: w\u00E9iq\u00FAn; lit. 'apron'), a generic term in English to refer to any Chinese-style skirt, or 'paired apron' in English although they are not aprons as defined in the dictionary, is a type of qun (Chinese: \u88D9; pinyin: q\u00FAn; lit. 'skirt'), a traditional Chinese skirt worn by the Han Chinese women as lower garment item in Hanfu and is one of the main representatives of ancient Chinese-style skirts. It originated in the Song and Liao dynasties and became popular due to its functionality and its aesthetics style. It continued to be worn in the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties where it was a typical style of skirt for women and was favoured for its unique aesthetic style and functionality. Following the fall of the Qing dynasty, the mamianqun continued to be worn in the Republic of China, and only disappeared in the 1920s and 1930s following the increased popularity of the cheongsam. As a type of xifu, Chinese opera costumes, the mamianqun maintains its long tradition and continues to be worn nowadays. In the 21st century, the mamianqun regained popularity with the emergence of the Hanfu movement. The mamianqun has experienced various fashion changes throughout history. It was typically paired with ku, Chinese trousers and Chinese jackets, typically either the ao or gua."@en . . . . "Modern-style mamianqun"@en . . . . "Mamianqun (Chinois implifi\u00E9 : \u9A6C\u9762\u88D9 ; Chinois traditionnel : \u99AC\u9762\u88D9; pinyin : m\u01CEmi\u00E0nq\u00FAn; lit. 'Jupe t\u00EAte de cheval'), \u00E9galement connue sous le nom de mamianzhequn (Chinois simplifi\u00E9 : \u9A6C\u9762\u8936\u88D9 ; Chinois traditionnel : \u99AC\u9762\u8936\u88D9; lit. 'Jupe pliss\u00E9e t\u00EAte de cheval'), parfois simplement appel\u00E9e 'tablier' (un terme g\u00E9n\u00E9rique pour d\u00E9signer les jupes de style chinois) ou paired apron en anglais bien qu'elles ne soient pas des tabliers tels que d\u00E9finis dans le dictionnaire, est un type de qun (chinois : \u88D9 ; pinyin : q\u00FAn ; litt. \u00AB jupe \u00BB ), une jupe chinoise traditionnelle port\u00E9e par les femmes chinoises Han. Elle est n\u00E9e sous les dynasties Song et Liao et est devenue populaire en raison de sa fonctionnalit\u00E9 et de son style esth\u00E9tique. Depuis lors, elle continua \u00E0 \u00EAtre port\u00E9e sous les dynasties Yuan, Ming et Qing, en R\u00E9publique de Chine, et ne disparut que dans les ann\u00E9es 1920 et 1930. La mamianqun regagne en popularit\u00E9 au XXIe si\u00E8cle gr\u00E2ce au mouvement Hanfu. La jupe mamianqun est compos\u00E9 de deux tissus superpos\u00E9s qui s'enroulent autour du bas du corps. Elle a un panneau droit \u00E0 l'avant et \u00E0 l'arri\u00E8re de la jupe. Il est orn\u00E9 de panneaux lat\u00E9raux pliss\u00E9s. Des ouvertures \u00E0 l'avant et \u00E0 l'arri\u00E8re de la jupe facilitent la pratique de l'\u00E9quitation. Les jupes \u00E9taient nou\u00E9es avec des liens qui s'\u00E9tendaient au-del\u00E0 de la largeur de la jupe \u00E0 la ceinture. Sous la dynastie Qing, la ceinture \u00E9tait large, sans d\u00E9corations ; elle \u00E9tait faite de mat\u00E9riaux diff\u00E9rents de la jupe et \u00E9tait faite d'un tissu moins cher que la jupe car elle \u00E9tait cach\u00E9e par les v\u00EAtements sup\u00E9rieurs."@fr . "\u99AC\u9762\u88D9\u662F\u4E2D\u570B\u4E00\u7A2E\u88D9\u88C5\uFF0C\u65BC\u660E\u671D\u6642\u51FA\u73B0\uFF0C\u81F3\u4E2D\u83EF\u6C11\u570B\u5927\u9678\u6642\u671F\u4F9D\u820A\u6709\u4EBA\u7A7F\u8457\uFF0C\u8FDB\u516521\u4E16\u7EAA\u4EA6\u56E0\u4E3A\u6C49\u670D\u8FD0\u52A8\u7684\u5174\u8D77\u800C\u5F97\u5230\u4E86\u4E00\u5B9A\u7684\u63A8\u5E7F\u3002\u70BA\u4F55\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u99AC\u9762\u88D9?\u6709\u5F88\u591A\u7A2E\u7684\u8AAA\u6CD5\uFF0C\u99AC\u9762\u88D9\u524D\u540E\u5171\u6709\u56DB\u4E2A\u88D9\u95E8\uFF08\u5373\u88D9\u5B50\u88AB\u5206\u5272\u6210\u4E09\u584A\u68AF\u5F62\uFF09\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u56E0\u4E3A\u4E2D\u95F4\u88D9\u95E8\u662F\u4E00\u5757\u957F\u65B9\u5F62\uFF0C\u50CF\u4E00\u5F35\u957F\u957F\u7684\u9A6C\u8138\uFF0C\u6240\u4EE5\u5F97\u540D\u99AC\u9762\uFF0C\u6574\u500B\u88D9\u5B50\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u99AC\u9762\u88D9\u3002\u65C1\u908A\u5169\u584A\u7A31\u70BA\u65C1\u7FFC\u3002\u53C8\u6216\u8005\u4E2D\u9593\u7FA4\u9580\u50CF\u662F\u53E4\u4EE3\u57CE\u7246\u99AC\u9762\u4E00\u6A23\uFF0C\u800C\u5F97\u6B64\u540D\u3002"@zh . . . . "\u4E03\u5341\u4E00\u4EE3\u884D\u8056\u516C \u5143\u914D\u9673\u592B\u4EBA\u8863\u51A0\u50CF.jpg"@en . . "p.182"@en . . . "Translated by Zhu et al"@en . . . . "Yuehuaqun, late 19th to early 20th century"@en . . "Mamianqun of the Qing dynasty .jpg"@en . . "m\u01CEmi\u00E0nq\u00FAn"@en . "Intimate China: The Chinese as I Have Seen Them"@en . "Chinese embroidered silk lady's jacket and pleated skirt, c. 1900, East-West Center.JPG"@en . . "104"^^ . "Fengweiqun, Qing dynasty or Republican period"@en . "200"^^ . . . . "center"@en . "Mrs. Archibald Little"@en . . "157"^^ . "HK Sheung Wan \u7298\u7F85\u4E0A\u8857 Upper Lascar Row Chinese clothing in art May-2012 .JPG"@en . . "Woman's apron, China, late 19th to early 20th century, silk, cotton, fur, golden thread, satin - Textile Museum of Canada - DSC00822.JPG"@en . "Aoqun 2.jpg"@en . "--03-29"^^ . . "Two ladies on the back wear the orthodox-style of Ming dynasty mamianqun; in the front a lady wearing the modern modified version, a midi-mamianqun, Hanfu exposition 2020"@en . . . . . . . "Translated by Christopher Breward and Juliette MacDonald"@en . . . "\u516D\u5341\u516B\u4EE3\u884D\u8056\u516C \u7E7C\u914D\u674E\u592B\u4EBA\u8863\u51A0\u50CF.jpg"@en . . "Mamianqun"@en . "Fengweiqun with integrated long strips, a later evolution"@en . . . . . "Various"@en . "Daao3.jpg"@en . . . . "Skirt MET 1973.110.2ab S.jpg"@en . "Mamianqun (simplified Chinese: \u9A6C\u9762\u88D9; traditional Chinese: \u99AC\u9762\u88D9; pinyin: m\u01CEmi\u00E0nq\u00FAn; lit. 'horse face skirt'), also known as mamianzhequn (simplified Chinese: \u9A6C\u9762\u8936\u88D9; traditional Chinese: \u99AC\u9762\u8936\u88D9; lit. 'horse-face pleated skirt'), sometimes simply referred as 'apron' (Chinese: \u56F4\u88D9; pinyin: w\u00E9iq\u00FAn; lit. 'apron'), a generic term in English to refer to any Chinese-style skirt, or 'paired apron' in English although they are not aprons as defined in the dictionary, is a type of qun (Chinese: \u88D9; pinyin: q\u00FAn; lit. 'skirt'), a traditional Chinese skirt worn by the Han Chinese women as lower garment item in Hanfu and is one of the main representatives of ancient Chinese-style skirts. It originated in the Song and Liao dynasties and became popular due to its functionality and its aesthetics style. It continue"@en . "Ming noble woman.jpg"@en . . "Chinese migrants in the Philippines .png"@en . "\u9A6C\u9762\u88D9"@en . . . . . "right"@en . . . . . "Skirt, woman's .jpg"@en . . . . . "\u5B54\u5E9C\u85CF\u8956\u88D9.jpg"@en . . . "Mangchu with Chinese dragons"@en . "193303"^^ . "A bride in Xiuhe dress between Taihedian and Zhonghedian .jpg"@en . . . . . . "Revitaliza\u00E7\u00E3o Hanfu na China .jpg"@en . . "193"^^ . "Hanfu man and lady.jpg"@en . "Yuehuaqun, a variation of the mamianqun, Qing dynasty."@en . "horse face skirt"@en . . "Mamianqun with a jiaoling youren yi"@en . "c. 11th century"@en . . . . . . "350"^^ . "Mamyeongun"@en . . . "MET 30 75 88 open.jpg"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5E84\u987A\u7687\u8D35\u5983.png"@en . "From the Ming to the Qing dynasty"@en . . . . "Mamianqun of the Qing dynasty .jpg"@en . . . "Journal du Luxe"@en . . "English"@en . "Structural features of the mamianqun"@en . "Los estudiantes en el Parque del lago Gantang.jpg"@en . "Playing a zheng.jpg"@en . "300"^^ . "Yulinqun"@en . . . "Variations in side pleats and gores"@en . . "Volume 2, p.37"@en . "\"Their skirts [referring to the skirts of Chinese ladies] are very prettily made, in succession of tiny pleats longitudinally down the skirt, and only loosely fastened together over the hip, so as to feather round the feet when they move in the balancing way that Chinese poets liken to waving of the willow\"."@en . "Kinesisk figur fr\u00E5n 1800-talet - Hallwylska museet - 95964.tif"@en . "Fengweiqun, Republic of China"@en . . "Chinese wrap-around, skirt with either pleats or gores"@en . "\u4E03\u5341\u56DB\u4EE3\u884D\u8056\u516C \u7E7C\u914D\u7562\u592B\u4EBA\u8863\u51A0\u50CF.jpg"@en . "\"The upper garment is knee-length. It has collar, front opening, vents on the right, left and back hemline, with brocading ornaments on the whole body. The matched skirt has qunmen [which is also called mamian in Chinese, namely skirt panel, the surface with no pleats] at the front and the back. The right and left sides are pleated with ribbons on the top hem.\""@en . . . . . . . "\u516D\u5341\u4E03\u4EE3\u884D\u8056\u516C \u5143\u914D\u5F35\u592B\u4EBA\u8863\u51A0\u50CF.jpg"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Plain white coloured mamianqun"@en . . . "1121039393"^^ . . . "Instagram user"@en . "Skirt .jpg"@en . . . . . . . "Samuel Wells Williams"@en . "Mamianqun worn as part of the wedding attire and as the official attire of the Han Chinese women throughout the Qing dynasty period"@en . "China, late 19th century - Skirt - 1916.1349.b - Cleveland Museum of Art.tif"@en . "\u99AC\u9762\u88D9"@en . "2021"^^ . "2022"^^ . . . . . . . . "Skirt, bridal, woman's .jpg"@en . . . "2013"^^ . . . "Yuehuaqun"@en . "Xiuhefu"@en . "China, Qing Dynasty, late 19th century - Woman's Bridal Dress, Pleated Skirt - 2005.135.2 - Cleveland Museum of Art.jpg"@en . . "Mamianqun (Chinois implifi\u00E9 : \u9A6C\u9762\u88D9 ; Chinois traditionnel : \u99AC\u9762\u88D9; pinyin : m\u01CEmi\u00E0nq\u00FAn; lit. 'Jupe t\u00EAte de cheval'), \u00E9galement connue sous le nom de mamianzhequn (Chinois simplifi\u00E9 : \u9A6C\u9762\u8936\u88D9 ; Chinois traditionnel : \u99AC\u9762\u8936\u88D9; lit. 'Jupe pliss\u00E9e t\u00EAte de cheval'), parfois simplement appel\u00E9e 'tablier' (un terme g\u00E9n\u00E9rique pour d\u00E9signer les jupes de style chinois) ou paired apron en anglais bien qu'elles ne soient pas des tabliers tels que d\u00E9finis dans le dictionnaire, est un type de qun (chinois : \u88D9 ; pinyin : q\u00FAn ; litt. \u00AB jupe \u00BB ), une jupe chinoise traditionnelle port\u00E9e par les femmes chinoises Han. Elle est n\u00E9e sous les dynasties Song et Liao et est devenue populaire en raison de sa fonctionnalit\u00E9 et de son style esth\u00E9tique. Depuis lors, elle continua \u00E0 \u00EAtre port\u00E9e sous les dynasties Yuan, Ming et Qi"@fr . . . . . . "74961"^^ . . "Mangchu with mang"@en . "\u82B1\u671D\u796D\u308A\u3092\u53C2\u52A0\u3059\u308B\u5973\u5B50\u5927\u5B66\u751F\u305F\u3061 .jpg"@en . . . . . . . . "center"@en . . "400"^^ . "Evolution of mamianqun through time"@en . . "One of the two panels, which is half of the mamianqun"@en . "Mamianqun woven with gold"@en . . . . "Styling Shanghai"@en . "Princess Diana wearing a langan-style mamianqun, February 1981"@en . "MET TP532.jpg"@en . "\"Les r\u00E9f\u00E9rences culturelles \u00E0 notre pays [Chine] sont plus que bienvenues mais cela ne signifie pas pour autant que vous pouvez d\u00E9tourner notre culture et nier le fait que cette jupe est chinoise\u00A0!\" \n[transl.\u2009\"Taking cultural references from our country [i.e. China] is more than welcomed; however, this does not meaning that you can appropriate our culture and deny the fact that this skirt is Chinese\u00A0!\"]."@en . . . . . . . "The Chinese Empire and Its Inhabitants: Being a Survey of the Geography, Government, Education, Social Life, Arts, Religion, &c. of the Middle Kingdom"@en . . "center"@en . . . . "Poster of a Chinese woman wearing a langan-style mamianqun, Hong Kong"@en . . . . . "Woman's summer skirt from China, Honolulu Museum of Art 5152.1.JPG"@en . "Ming dynasty-style mamianqun, 21st century"@en . "Women wearing mamianqun and Emperor Chenghua wearing a yellow yesa"@en . . . . "\u660E\u5F0F\u6BD4\u7532.jpg"@en . "\u99AC\u9762\u88D9"@zh . . . . . "Dress, made from chinese skirt .jpg"@en . "Mangqun"@en . "Aoqun 1.jpg"@en . "Mamianqun of the Ming dynasty"@en . "center"@en . . . . . "Mamianqun, a traditional Han Chinese skirt, Qing dynasty."@en . "\u516D\u5341\u4E5D\u4EE3\u884D\u8056\u516C \u5143\u914D\u738B\u592B\u4EBA\u8863\u51A0\u50CF.jpg"@en . . . . . "Mamianqun"@fr . . . . . "Skirt MET 1973.110.2ab F.jpg"@en . . "A BRIDE.jpg"@en . "2"^^ . . "3"^^ . . "Emphasis on the overlapping front of the mamianqun."@en . . "Horse-face skirt/ paired apron/ apron"@en . . "4"^^ . . . "Woman's wedding costume from China, Honolulu Museum of Art 10128.1.JPG"@en . . "Jili5.jpg"@en . . . . "\u99AC\u9762\u88D9\u662F\u4E2D\u570B\u4E00\u7A2E\u88D9\u88C5\uFF0C\u65BC\u660E\u671D\u6642\u51FA\u73B0\uFF0C\u81F3\u4E2D\u83EF\u6C11\u570B\u5927\u9678\u6642\u671F\u4F9D\u820A\u6709\u4EBA\u7A7F\u8457\uFF0C\u8FDB\u516521\u4E16\u7EAA\u4EA6\u56E0\u4E3A\u6C49\u670D\u8FD0\u52A8\u7684\u5174\u8D77\u800C\u5F97\u5230\u4E86\u4E00\u5B9A\u7684\u63A8\u5E7F\u3002\u70BA\u4F55\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u99AC\u9762\u88D9?\u6709\u5F88\u591A\u7A2E\u7684\u8AAA\u6CD5\uFF0C\u99AC\u9762\u88D9\u524D\u540E\u5171\u6709\u56DB\u4E2A\u88D9\u95E8\uFF08\u5373\u88D9\u5B50\u88AB\u5206\u5272\u6210\u4E09\u584A\u68AF\u5F62\uFF09\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u56E0\u4E3A\u4E2D\u95F4\u88D9\u95E8\u662F\u4E00\u5757\u957F\u65B9\u5F62\uFF0C\u50CF\u4E00\u5F35\u957F\u957F\u7684\u9A6C\u8138\uFF0C\u6240\u4EE5\u5F97\u540D\u99AC\u9762\uFF0C\u6574\u500B\u88D9\u5B50\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u99AC\u9762\u88D9\u3002\u65C1\u908A\u5169\u584A\u7A31\u70BA\u65C1\u7FFC\u3002\u53C8\u6216\u8005\u4E2D\u9593\u7FA4\u9580\u50CF\u662F\u53E4\u4EE3\u57CE\u7246\u99AC\u9762\u4E00\u6A23\uFF0C\u800C\u5F97\u6B64\u540D\u3002"@zh .