"21003"^^ . . 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\u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u044F\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0432\u043E\u043D\u0430 \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0437 1206 \u043F\u043E 1290. \u0410\u0439\u0431\u0435\u043A \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043C \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0456\u0457 \u0490\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0437 1192 \u043F\u043E 1206 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0438, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u044F\u0433\u043E\u043C \u0446\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u043D \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0432 \u043D\u0438\u0437\u043A\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043A \u043D\u0430 \u0406\u043D\u0434\u043E-\u0413\u0430\u043D\u0433\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0432 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u043D\u0430\u0434 \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u044E \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0454\u044E. \u041F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0432\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u043D \u0441\u0430\u043C \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0432 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0434 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u043C \u043A\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0437 \u043D\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0446\u0456, \u0414\u0435\u043B\u0456. \u041E\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043A \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0433\u043E\u044E, \u0443 1210 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0438\u0432 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0438\u043D \u0410\u0440\u0430\u043C \u0428\u0430\u0445, \u0441\u0430\u043C \u0443\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0457\u043C \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0406\u043B\u0442\u0443\u0442\u043C\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043C \u0432 1211 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456. \u0414\u043E 1229 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u043B\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0432 \u0434\u0438\u043F\u043B\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u0437 \u0410\u0431\u0431\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0445\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0444\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0443\u043C\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0427\u0438\u043D\u0433\u0456\u0437\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0456 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043A\u0456\u0432. \u041F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0441\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0456 \u0406\u043B\u0442\u0443\u0442\u043C\u0438\u0448\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u043B\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0438\u0437\u043A\u0430 \u0441\u043B\u0430\u0431\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0432, \u0430 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u043D\u0443 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u044E. \u041D\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0413\u0456\u0439\u044F\u0441-\u0443\u0434-\u0434\u0456\u043D\u0443 \u0411\u0430\u043B\u0431\u0430\u043D\u0443 \u0432\u0434\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043C\u0456\u0446\u044C \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0457, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435 \u043F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0456 \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0435\u043F\u0430\u0434. \u0423 1290 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0443 \u0441\u0443\u043B\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0442\u0456 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0448\u043B\u0430 \u0434\u043E \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0457 \u0425\u0456\u043B\u0434\u0436\u0456, \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u0414\u0436\u0430\u043B\u0430\u043B-\u0443\u0434-\u0434\u0456\u043D \u0424\u0456\u0440\u0443\u0437 \u0425\u0456\u043B\u0434\u0436\u0456 \u0441\u043A\u0438\u043D\u0443\u0432 \u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0443\u043B\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0420\u0430\u0431\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0457, \u041C\u0443\u0457\u0437-\u0443\u0434-\u0434\u0456\u043D\u0430 \u041A\u0435\u0439\u043A\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0434\u0430."@uk . . "I Mamelucchi di Delhi - urdu: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u063A\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 , \"Sul\u1E6Danat ghul\u0101m\u0101n\", dal termine persiano ghul\u0101m, \"servitore, schiavo\" (laddove \"mamelucco\" deriva dall'arabo maml\u016Bk, \"schiavo\") - furono la dinastia che diede inizio al Sultanato di Delhi in India, durata dal 1206 al 1290. Il fondatore della dinastia, Qutb al-D\u012Bn Aybak, era un ex-schiavo cumano-kip\u010Dako della trib\u00F9 Aybak e luogotenente di Muhammad di Ghur in India, che lo liber\u00F2."@it . . . . . . . "Empty"@en . . . . . "*India\n*Pakistan\n*Bangladesh\n*Nepal"@en . "\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062F\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u063A\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646) \u0648\u062A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062D\u0643\u0645\u062A \u062F\u0644\u0647\u064A \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1206 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1290. \u0648\u064A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u064A\u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062A\u0631\u0643\u064A \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u064A\u0628\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u062A\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u064A\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u062D\u0645\u062F \u063A\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F."@ar . "Chahamanas of Shakambhari"@en . . . "horizontal"@en . . . . "\u041C\u0430\u043C\u043B\u044E\u043A\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044F (\u0414\u0435\u043B\u0438)"@ru . "400"^^ . . "Filled with water"@en . . . . . . . . "Gandhak ki Baoli"@en . . "Lahore"@en . . . "\uB178\uC608 \uC655\uC870(\uD398\uB974\uC2DC\uC544\uC5B4: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u06A9, \uC6B0\uB974\uB450\uC5B4: \u062E\u0627\u0646\u062F\u0627\u0646 \u063A\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u06BA, \uD380\uC790\uBE0C\uC5B4: \u0A17\u0A3C\u0A41\u0A32\u0A3E\u0A2E \u0A16\u0A3C\u0A3E\u0A28\u0A26\u0A3E\u0A28, \uD78C\uB514\uC5B4: \u0917\u093C\u0941\u0932\u093E\u092E \u0916\u093C\u093E\u0928\u0926\u093E\u0928) \uB610\uB294 \uB9D8\uB8E8\uD06C \uC655\uC870\uB294 1206\uB144\uC5D0\uC11C 1320\uB144\uB3D9\uC548 \uC874\uC7AC\uD55C \uC774\uC2AC\uB78C \uC655\uC870\uB85C, \uC778\uB3C4 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC0C1 \uCD5C\uCD08\uC758 \uC774\uC2AC\uB78C \uAD6D\uAC00\uC778 \uB378\uB9AC \uC220\uD0C4\uAD6D\uC758 \uCCAB\uBC88\uC9F8 \uC655\uC870\uC774\uB2E4. \uAD74\uB78C \uC655\uC870\uB294 \uC544\uD504\uAC00\uB2C8\uC2A4\uD0C4 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC744 \uADFC\uAC70\uC9C0\uB85C \uB454 \uAD6C\uB974 \uC655\uC870\uC758 \uBB34\uD558\uB9C8\uB4DC\uAC00 \uC554\uC0B4\uB418\uC790 \uADF8\uC758 \uBB34\uC7A5\uC774\uC5C8\uB358 \uC544\uC774\uBC14\uD06C\uAC00 \uC778\uB3C4 \uBD81\uBD80 \uD380\uC790\uBE0C \uC9C0\uC5ED\uACFC \uAC20\uC9C0\uC2A4 \uD3C9\uC6D0\uC744 \uC911\uC2EC\uC73C\uB85C \uB3C5\uB9BD\uD558\uC5EC \uC138\uC6B4 \uC655\uC870\uC774\uB2E4. \uC544\uC774\uBC14\uD06C\uC758 \uB4A4\uB97C \uC774\uC5B4 \uADF8\uC758 \uB178\uC608\uC774\uC790 \uC0AC\uC704\uC778 \uAC00 \uADF8 \uB4A4\uB97C \uC774\uC5B4 \uC655\uC870\uB97C \uB2E4\uC2A4\uB838\uB294\uB370 \uC774 \uC2DC\uAE30\uC5D0 \uC804\uC131\uAE30\uB97C \uB204\uB838\uB2E4. 1266\uB144\uBD80\uD130 1287\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC220\uD0C4\uC774\uC5C8\uB358 \uC740 \uB3C5\uC7AC\uAD70\uC8FC\uC81C\uB97C \uAC15\uD654\uD558\uACE0 \uAD6D\uBC29\uC744 \uAD73\uAC74\uD788 \uD558\uC5EC \uC138\uB825\uC744 \uB5A8\uCCE4\uB2E4. \uADF8 \uD6C4 \uB178\uC608 \uC655\uC870\uB294 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uB300\uC5D0 \uAC78\uCCD0 \uB2F9\uC7C1\uACFC \uB0B4\uB780\uC5D0 \uC2DC\uB2EC\uB9AC\uB2E4\uAC00 \uD560\uC9C0 \uC655\uC870\uC5D0 \uC758\uD558\uC5EC \uBA78\uB9DD\uD558\uC600\uB2E4."@ko . . . . "\u0420\u0430\u0431\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430, \u0413\u0443\u043B\u044F\u043C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u041C\u0430\u043C\u043B\u044E\u043A\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u044F (\u0443\u0440\u0434\u0443 \u063A\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062E\u0627\u0646\u062F\u0627\u0646\u200E, \u0433\u0456\u043D\u0434\u0456 \u0917\u093C\u0941\u0932\u093E\u092E \u0916\u093C\u093E\u0928\u0926\u093E\u0928) \u2014 \u0442\u044E\u0440\u043A\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u044F, \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u041A\u0443\u0442\u0431 \u0430\u0434-\u0414\u0456\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0410\u0439\u0431\u0435\u043A\u043E\u043C, \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430 \u0437 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439, \u0449\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0414\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0441\u0443\u043B\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C, \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u044F\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0432\u043E\u043D\u0430 \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0437 1206 \u043F\u043E 1290. \u0410\u0439\u0431\u0435\u043A \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043C \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0456\u0457 \u0490\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0437 1192 \u043F\u043E 1206 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0438, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u044F\u0433\u043E\u043C \u0446\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u043D \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0432 \u043D\u0438\u0437\u043A\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043A \u043D\u0430 \u0406\u043D\u0434\u043E-\u0413\u0430\u043D\u0433\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0432 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u043D\u0430\u0434 \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u044E \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0454\u044E. \u041F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0432\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u043D \u0441\u0430\u043C \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0432 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0434 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u043C \u043A\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0437 \u043D\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0446\u0456, \u0414\u0435\u043B\u0456. \u041E\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043A \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0433\u043E\u044E, \u0443 1210 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0438\u0432 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0438\u043D \u0410\u0440\u0430\u043C \u0428\u0430\u0445, \u0441\u0430\u043C \u0443\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0457\u043C \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0406\u043B\u0442\u0443\u0442\u043C\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043C \u0432 1211 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456."@uk . "De Mamlukkendynastie (ook bekend als Slavendynastie of Ghulamdynastie) (Perzisch: \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u063A\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646) was een koninklijke dynastie die het sultanaat Delhi regeerde vanaf de stichting in 1206 tot 1290, toen de Khaljidynastie aan de macht kwam. De Slavendynastie bestond uit zogenaamde mamlukken, tot de islam bekeerde slaven die voor de sultans in het bestuur en leger dienden. De meest capabele van deze mamlukken wisten op te klimmen tot de hoogste posities aan het hof en werden zelf sultan."@nl . . "Ghurid_Empire_according_to_Schwartzberg_Atlas,_p.147.png"@en . "Mamluk dynasty"@en . . . "center"@en . . . . "The Qutb Minar, started by Qutb al-Din Aibak in 1199 and completed by his son-in-law Iltutmish in 1220, an example of the Mamluk dynasty's works. It is somewhat similar to the earlier Minaret of Jam in Afghanistan."@en . . "\u0420\u0430\u0431\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u044F"@uk . "\u5EAB\u7279\u5E03\u6C99\u5E0C\u738B\u671D"@zh . . . . "Minaret"@en . "The Gandhak Ki Baoli stepwell, built by Iltutmish ."@en . . . . . . . . ""@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Gandhak-ki-baoli 004.jpg"@en . . . "The Mamluk dynasty (Persian: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u06A9, romanized: Sal\u1E6Danat Maml\u016Bk) was founded in Northern India by Qutb ud-Din Aibak, a Turkic Mamluk slave-general of the Ghurid Empire from Central Asia. The Mamluk dynasty ruled from 1206 to 1290; it was the first of five unrelated dynasties to rule as the Delhi Sultanate until 1526. Before the establishment of the Mamluk dynasty, Qutb al-Din Aibak's tenure as a Ghurid dynasty administrator lasted from 1192 to 1206, a period during which he led forays into the Gangetic plain and established control over some of the new areas."@en . . . "\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u06A9"@en . "\u5974\u96B7\u738B\u671D"@ja . "Mamelucos de Delhi"@es . . . . . "Map_of_the_Khaljis_of_Bengal.png"@en . "Gandhak ki Baoli, Mehrauli.jpg"@en . . "La Dinast\u00EDa mameluca (tambi\u00E9n conocida como Dinast\u00EDa esclava o Dinast\u00EDa ghulam) (persa: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u06A9) fue dirigida al norte de la India por Qutb ud-Din Aibak, un general t\u00FArquico nacido como esclavo\u200B en Asia Central. La dinast\u00EDa mameluca gobern\u00F3 de 1206 a 1290; fue la primera de cinco dinast\u00EDas no emparentadas en gobernar el Sultanato de Delhi hasta 1526.\u200B\u200B\u200B El mandato de Aibak como administrador de la dinast\u00EDa G\u00FArida dur\u00F3 de 1192 a 1206, per\u00EDodo durante el cual dirigi\u00F3 invasiones al coraz\u00F3n del Ganges de la India y estableci\u00F3 el control sobre algunas de las nuevas \u00E1reas.\u200B"@es . "Mamluk dynasty"@en . . . "\uB178\uC608 \uC655\uC870(\uD398\uB974\uC2DC\uC544\uC5B4: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u06A9, \uC6B0\uB974\uB450\uC5B4: \u062E\u0627\u0646\u062F\u0627\u0646 \u063A\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u06BA, \uD380\uC790\uBE0C\uC5B4: \u0A17\u0A3C\u0A41\u0A32\u0A3E\u0A2E \u0A16\u0A3C\u0A3E\u0A28\u0A26\u0A3E\u0A28, \uD78C\uB514\uC5B4: \u0917\u093C\u0941\u0932\u093E\u092E \u0916\u093C\u093E\u0928\u0926\u093E\u0928) \uB610\uB294 \uB9D8\uB8E8\uD06C \uC655\uC870\uB294 1206\uB144\uC5D0\uC11C 1320\uB144\uB3D9\uC548 \uC874\uC7AC\uD55C \uC774\uC2AC\uB78C \uC655\uC870\uB85C, \uC778\uB3C4 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC0C1 \uCD5C\uCD08\uC758 \uC774\uC2AC\uB78C \uAD6D\uAC00\uC778 \uB378\uB9AC \uC220\uD0C4\uAD6D\uC758 \uCCAB\uBC88\uC9F8 \uC655\uC870\uC774\uB2E4. \uAD74\uB78C \uC655\uC870\uB294 \uC544\uD504\uAC00\uB2C8\uC2A4\uD0C4 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC744 \uADFC\uAC70\uC9C0\uB85C \uB454 \uAD6C\uB974 \uC655\uC870\uC758 \uBB34\uD558\uB9C8\uB4DC\uAC00 \uC554\uC0B4\uB418\uC790 \uADF8\uC758 \uBB34\uC7A5\uC774\uC5C8\uB358 \uC544\uC774\uBC14\uD06C\uAC00 \uC778\uB3C4 \uBD81\uBD80 \uD380\uC790\uBE0C \uC9C0\uC5ED\uACFC \uAC20\uC9C0\uC2A4 \uD3C9\uC6D0\uC744 \uC911\uC2EC\uC73C\uB85C \uB3C5\uB9BD\uD558\uC5EC \uC138\uC6B4 \uC655\uC870\uC774\uB2E4. \uC544\uC774\uBC14\uD06C\uC758 \uB4A4\uB97C \uC774\uC5B4 \uADF8\uC758 \uB178\uC608\uC774\uC790 \uC0AC\uC704\uC778 \uAC00 \uADF8 \uB4A4\uB97C \uC774\uC5B4 \uC655\uC870\uB97C \uB2E4\uC2A4\uB838\uB294\uB370 \uC774 \uC2DC\uAE30\uC5D0 \uC804\uC131\uAE30\uB97C \uB204\uB838\uB2E4. 1266\uB144\uBD80\uD130 1287\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC220\uD0C4\uC774\uC5C8\uB358 \uC740 \uB3C5\uC7AC\uAD70\uC8FC\uC81C\uB97C \uAC15\uD654\uD558\uACE0 \uAD6D\uBC29\uC744 \uAD73\uAC74\uD788 \uD558\uC5EC \uC138\uB825\uC744 \uB5A8\uCCE4\uB2E4. \uADF8 \uD6C4 \uB178\uC608 \uC655\uC870\uB294 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uB300\uC5D0 \uAC78\uCCD0 \uB2F9\uC7C1\uACFC \uB0B4\uB780\uC5D0 \uC2DC\uB2EC\uB9AC\uB2E4\uAC00 \uD560\uC9C0 \uC655\uC870\uC5D0 \uC758\uD558\uC5EC \uBA78\uB9DD\uD558\uC600\uB2E4."@ko . . . "Mamluk dynasty"@en . "Territory of the Delhi Mamluk Dynasty."@en . . . . "\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062F\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u063A\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646) \u0648\u062A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062D\u0643\u0645\u062A \u062F\u0644\u0647\u064A \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1206 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1290. \u0648\u064A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u064A\u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062A\u0631\u0643\u064A \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u064A\u0628\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u062A\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u064A\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u062D\u0645\u062F \u063A\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F. \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062D\u0645\u062F \u063A\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1206 \u0628\u062F\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u064A\u062B\u060C \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0628\u0633\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062E\u0630 \u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064A\u0647 \u0648\u062C\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062B\u0645 \u062F\u0644\u0647\u064A \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0628\u062F\u0623 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064A\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1210 \u062A\u0648\u0641\u064A \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u062C\u0623\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062F \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062A\u0645\u0634 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062F \u062A\u0632\u0648\u062C \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062F \u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u062A\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0636\u064A\u0629 \u062C\u0645\u064A\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062F\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F. \u062B\u0645 \u0623\u062A\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u063A\u064A\u0627\u062B \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062F \u062C\u064A\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u062A\u0632\u0648\u062C \u0623\u062E\u062A\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062F\u062E\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062D\u0648\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062F \u062A\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062F\u0647 \u062D\u0641\u064A\u062F\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646 \u0642\u064A\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062F \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0647\u062A \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064A\u062F \u0641\u064A\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062E\u0644\u062C\u064A \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u064A\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u063A\u0627\u0644."@ar . . . . . "\u5974\u96B7\u738B\u671D\uFF08\u3069\u308C\u3044\u304A\u3046\u3061\u3087\u3046\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: Slave Dynasty\uFF09\u307E\u305F\u306F\u30DE\u30E0\u30EB\u30FC\u30AF\u30FB\u30B9\u30EB\u30BF\u30FC\u30F3\u671D\uFF08\u30DA\u30EB\u30B7\u30A2\u8A9E: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u06A9\u200E \u8EE2\u5199\uFF1ASul\u1E6Danat Mamluk\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: Mamluk Sultanate\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u5317\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u3092\u652F\u914D\u3057\u305F\u30C7\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30B9\u30EB\u30BF\u30FC\u30F3\u671D\u6700\u521D\u306E\u30C6\u30E5\u30EB\u30AF\u7CFB\u30A4\u30B9\u30E9\u30E0\u738B\u671D\uFF081206\u5E74 - 1290\u5E74\uFF09\u3002\u9996\u90FD\u306F\u30C7\u30EA\u30FC\u3002"@ja . "right"@en . "1287"^^ . . "Mamlukdynastin i Delhi"@sv . . . . "\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F"@ar . . . . . . . . "Mamluka dinastio (Delhio)"@eo . . . "La dynastie des esclaves, ou dynastie ilbar\u00EEde (1206-1290), du nom de la tribu turque des Ilbar\u00EE, connue aussi sous le nom de dynastie des Ghul\u00E2ms (ourdou : \u063A\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062E\u0627\u0646\u062F\u0627\u0646, hindi : \u0917\u093C\u0941\u0932\u093E\u092E \u0916\u093C\u093E\u0928\u0926\u093E\u0928) ou des Maml\u00FBks (esclaves), dirige le sultanat de Delhi en Inde de 1206 \u00E0 1290."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2"^^ . "Delhi"@en . . "Qutb Minaret"@en . . . . "Qutub_Minar_Inscriptions_2022.jpg"@en . . . "\u5974\u96B7\u738B\u671D\uFF08\u3069\u308C\u3044\u304A\u3046\u3061\u3087\u3046\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: Slave Dynasty\uFF09\u307E\u305F\u306F\u30DE\u30E0\u30EB\u30FC\u30AF\u30FB\u30B9\u30EB\u30BF\u30FC\u30F3\u671D\uFF08\u30DA\u30EB\u30B7\u30A2\u8A9E: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u06A9\u200E \u8EE2\u5199\uFF1ASul\u1E6Danat Mamluk\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: Mamluk Sultanate\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u5317\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u3092\u652F\u914D\u3057\u305F\u30C7\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30B9\u30EB\u30BF\u30FC\u30F3\u671D\u6700\u521D\u306E\u30C6\u30E5\u30EB\u30AF\u7CFB\u30A4\u30B9\u30E9\u30E0\u738B\u671D\uFF081206\u5E74 - 1290\u5E74\uFF09\u3002\u9996\u90FD\u306F\u30C7\u30EA\u30FC\u3002"@ja . . . "Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)"@en . . "I Mamelucchi di Delhi - urdu: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u063A\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 , \"Sul\u1E6Danat ghul\u0101m\u0101n\", dal termine persiano ghul\u0101m, \"servitore, schiavo\" (laddove \"mamelucco\" deriva dall'arabo maml\u016Bk, \"schiavo\") - furono la dinastia che diede inizio al Sultanato di Delhi in India, durata dal 1206 al 1290. Il fondatore della dinastia, Qutb al-D\u012Bn Aybak, era un ex-schiavo cumano-kip\u010Dako della trib\u00F9 Aybak e luogotenente di Muhammad di Ghur in India, che lo liber\u00F2. Quando Muhammad di Gh\u016Br mor\u00EC nel 1206 senza un erede, designando Qu\u1E6Db al-D\u012Bn, questi prese possesso del suo impero indiano. Stabil\u00EC la sede della sua capitale prima a Lahore, e pi\u00F9 tardi a Delhi, dove inizi\u00F2 la costruzione del complesso di Qutb. Qutb al-D\u012Bn mor\u00EC accidentalmente nel 1210, e dopo una lotta di successione, Iltutmish, un altro ex-schiavo turco emerse come sultano e con la diplomazia riusc\u00EC ad impedire alle armate di Gengis Khan di assalire Delhi. Inoltre assicur\u00F2 agli ind\u00F9 lo stato di dhimmi, e spos\u00F2 la figlia di Qu\u1E6Db al-D\u012Bn. La figlia di Iltutmish, , succedette al trono del padre e fu l'unica donna musulmana a governare ufficialmente in India. Dopo la sua morte (venne uccisa nel 1240) il sultanato fu retto da \"i Quaranta\", ovvero le guardie turche di palazzo, tra le quali si distinse Balban. Balban si garant\u00EC il trono riuscendo a prevalere sui governatori delle provincie che cercavano di ottenere l'indipendenza dal governo centrale, e contrastando l'avanzata mongola. Dopo il breve regno di Balban e del nipote, la dinastia mamelucca venne rovesciata da Jal\u0101l al-D\u012Bn F\u012Br\u016Bz Khalj\u012B, generale dell'esercito di Balban, che fond\u00F2 quella che fu la seconda dinastia di Delhi: la dinastia Khalji. I Khalj\u012B, di origine turca, si erano insediati nella regione del Bihar e del Bengala sotto il regno di Muhammad di Gh\u016Br."@it . . "\u041C\u0430\u043C\u043B\u044E\u043A\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044F (\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441. \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u06A9\u200E, \u0445\u0438\u043D\u0434\u0438 \u0917\u093C\u0941\u0932\u093E\u092E \u0916\u093C\u093E\u0928\u0926\u093E\u0928) \u2014 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0430\u043C\u043B\u044E\u043A\u043E\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044F \u0432 \u0414\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0441\u0443\u043B\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0441 1206 \u0434\u043E 1290. \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u2014 \u041A\u0443\u0442\u0431\u0443\u0434-\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0410\u0439\u0431\u0430\u043A."@ru . . "Map_of_the_Senas.png"@en . . . "Dynastie des esclaves"@fr . "1124608700"^^ . . . "Sena Empire"@en . "La dynastie des esclaves, ou dynastie ilbar\u00EEde (1206-1290), du nom de la tribu turque des Ilbar\u00EE, connue aussi sous le nom de dynastie des Ghul\u00E2ms (ourdou : \u063A\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062E\u0627\u0646\u062F\u0627\u0646, hindi : \u0917\u093C\u0941\u0932\u093E\u092E \u0916\u093C\u093E\u0928\u0926\u093E\u0928) ou des Maml\u00FBks (esclaves), dirige le sultanat de Delhi en Inde de 1206 \u00E0 1290. Muhammad Gh\u00FBr\u00EE, sultan de Ghor et de Ghazn\u00EE c\u00E8de \u00E0 sa mort le 15 mars 1206 le sultanat de Delhi \u00E0 Q\u00FBtb ud-D\u00EEn Aibak un esclave turc qui a particip\u00E9 \u00E0 la conqu\u00EAte de l'Inde. Aibak est couronn\u00E9 \u00E0 Lahore le 24 juillet 1206. Apr\u00E8s une offensive contre Taj-ud-din Yildiz, qui s\u2019est proclam\u00E9 sultan \u00E0 Ghazn\u00EE, il se consacre \u00E0 consolider l\u2019administration du sultanat. En 1210, il meurt d\u2019une chute de cheval alors qu\u2019il jouait au polo. Son lieutenant et beau-fils l\u2019esclave turc Shams ud-D\u00EEn \u00CEltutmish lui succ\u00E8de en 1211 apr\u00E8s avoir chass\u00E9 de Delhi Aram Shah, fils trop faible de Qutb ud-din Aibak. \u00CEltutmish est le v\u00E9ritable fondateur de la dynastie ilbar\u00EEde. Il consolide son pouvoir, et passe les dix premi\u00E8res ann\u00E9es de son r\u00E8gne \u00E0 \u00E9carter ses rivaux. En 1214, il \u00E9carte le gouverneur de Ghazn\u00EE Taj-ud-din Yildiz, qui chass\u00E9 par le chah du Kh\u00E2rezm a pris Lahore. \u00CEltutmish annexe le Sind \u00E0 domination musulmane. En 1221, le dernier souverain du Kh\u00E2rezm Jalal ad-Din, chass\u00E9 par les Mongols de Gengis Khan, se r\u00E9fugie \u00E0 Lahore. Il ne parvient pas \u00E0 convaincre \u00CEltutmish d\u2019envoyer des troupes contre les Mongols. Plus tard, ceux-ci arrivent en Inde atteignent l\u2019Indus, mais reculent face au climat. Iltutmish consacre la deuxi\u00E8me partie de son r\u00E8gne a transformer les conqu\u00EAtes ghurides en Inde en une monarchie h\u00E9r\u00E9ditaire. Elle s\u2019appuie sur une administration largement compos\u00E9e de Turcs et des Iraniens qui fuient l\u2019avance mongole en Asie centrale. L\u2019arm\u00E9e reste entre les mains des Turcs dont les chefs sont gratifi\u00E9s de revenus fonciers tir\u00E9s de la conqu\u00EAte (iqt\u00E2). La cour, dont l\u2019\u00E9tiquette s\u2019inspire des Samanides, accorde une place importante aux oul\u00E9mas et aux soufis. En 1228, \u00CEltutmish re\u00E7oit le titre de sultan-i-azam du Calife de Bagdad. Enfin, il soumet le sultanat ind\u00E9pendant du Bengale (1230-1231), prend Gwalior (1231), annexe le royaume \u00E0 domination hindou du M\u00E2lwa (1235). \u00C0 sa mort en avril 1236, il laisse le sultanat \u00E0 sa fille Raziyya. La cour lui pr\u00E9f\u00E8re n\u00E9anmoins son fr\u00E8re incapable, qui r\u00E8gne sous la direction de sa m\u00E8re Shah Turkhan. Le sultanat sombre dans le d\u00E9sordre. Les nobles finissent par d\u00E9poser puis assassiner la reine m\u00E8re et son fils (novembre 1236). Raziyya est rappel\u00E9e et r\u00E8gne pendant trois ans et demi, pendant lesquels elle essaie de modifier les institutions, dans un contexte de r\u00E9volte nobiliaire. Elle \u00E9pouse Altuniya, le gouverneur rebelle de Bhatinda, mais ils sont assassin\u00E9s par un fanatique hindou le 13 octobre 1240. Deux de ses fr\u00E8res et un neveu lui succ\u00E8dent ensuite de 1240 \u00E0 1266. En 1240, Lahore est ravag\u00E9e par les Mongols qui l'annexent en 1247. \u00C0 cette \u00E9poque, les chefs turcs r\u00E9volt\u00E9s (maliks) imposent aux sultans de cr\u00E9er la position de r\u00E9gent (n\u00E2'ib) ; progressivement, celui-ci en vient \u00E0 d\u00E9tenir virtuellement le pouvoir. L'un d'eux, Balb\u00E2n, un esclave turc d'\u00CEltutmish, ministre depuis 1249, devient sultan \u00E0 la mort de en 1266. Il affirme son autorit\u00E9. Pour r\u00E9soudre le probl\u00E8me des intrigues entre les diff\u00E9rentes factions de maliks, il impose une discipline stricte doubl\u00E9e d\u2019une grande aust\u00E9rit\u00E9 : la prosternation devient obligatoire et le sultan est consid\u00E9r\u00E9 comme l\u2019ombre de Dieu sur la terre et comme un souverain divinement guid\u00E9. \u00C0 cette \u00E9poque, plusieurs raids des Mongols contre Lahore sont repouss\u00E9s (1271, 1279). Balb\u00E2n doit intervenir contre les tentations s\u00E9paratistes du Bengale (1280) et place son second fils Bughra Khan comme gouverneur de cette province. En 1285, un nouveau raid mongol est arr\u00EAt\u00E9 sur les rives de l\u2019Indus par le fils a\u00EEn\u00E9 et pr\u00E9f\u00E9r\u00E9 du sultan, Muhammad Sh\u00E2h. Victorieux, il est tu\u00E9 dans la bataille. \u00C0 la mort de Balb\u00E2n en 1287, ses successeurs, souvent manipul\u00E9s par des factions de maliks, se disputent son h\u00E9ritage. En 1290, le Turc afghanis\u00E9 s\u2019empare du pouvoir et fonde la dynastie des Khalj\u00EE."@fr . . "\u041C\u0430\u043C\u043B\u044E\u043A\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044F (\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441. \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u06A9\u200E, \u0445\u0438\u043D\u0434\u0438 \u0917\u093C\u0941\u0932\u093E\u092E \u0916\u093C\u093E\u0928\u0926\u093E\u0928) \u2014 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0430\u043C\u043B\u044E\u043A\u043E\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044F \u0432 \u0414\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0441\u0443\u043B\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0441 1206 \u0434\u043E 1290. \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u2014 \u041A\u0443\u0442\u0431\u0443\u0434-\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0410\u0439\u0431\u0430\u043A."@ru . . . "270"^^ . . "Ghurid Sultanate"@en . . "1206"^^ . "Mamelucchi di Delhi"@it . . "Den f\u00F6rsta dynasti som styrde delhisultanatet var mamlukerna, vilka f\u00F6rst var slavar i den f\u00F6rste sultanens, Qutb Al-Din Aibegs, tj\u00E4nst. Sultanen hade sj\u00E4lv inga s\u00F6ner, och uttalade d\u00E4rf\u00F6r som sin vilja att hans trogna slavar skulle eftertr\u00E4da honom p\u00E5 sultantronen."@sv . "Badayun"@en . . "De Mamlukkendynastie (ook bekend als Slavendynastie of Ghulamdynastie) (Perzisch: \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u063A\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646) was een koninklijke dynastie die het sultanaat Delhi regeerde vanaf de stichting in 1206 tot 1290, toen de Khaljidynastie aan de macht kwam. De Slavendynastie bestond uit zogenaamde mamlukken, tot de islam bekeerde slaven die voor de sultans in het bestuur en leger dienden. De meest capabele van deze mamlukken wisten op te klimmen tot de hoogste posities aan het hof en werden zelf sultan."@nl . . . "Khalji dynasty of Bengal"@en . "Haryana_in_India_.svg"@en . "Mamelucs de Delhi"@ca . . . "\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u06A9"@en . "Dinasti Mamluk (bahasa Persia: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u06A9, translit. Sal\u1E6Danat Maml\u016Bk, har. 'Kesultanan Mamluk') didirikan oleh seorang jendral keturunan Turki bernama , yang berkuasa di India Utara dari tahun 1209 hingga 1290. Hingga 1526 Kesultanan Delhi dikuasai beberapa dinasti asing yang tidak berkaitan dan Dinasti Mamluk ini merupakan salah satu dari lima dinasti asing yang berkuasa. Qutb Aybak menjabat sebagai jenderal dari 1191 hingga 1206. Pada masa itu dia memimpin invasi ke India Utara dan berhasil menguasai beberapa wilayah disekitaran sungai Gangga."@in . "1290"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "La Dinast\u00EDa mameluca (tambi\u00E9n conocida como Dinast\u00EDa esclava o Dinast\u00EDa ghulam) (persa: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u06A9) fue dirigida al norte de la India por Qutb ud-Din Aibak, un general t\u00FArquico nacido como esclavo\u200B en Asia Central. La dinast\u00EDa mameluca gobern\u00F3 de 1206 a 1290; fue la primera de cinco dinast\u00EDas no emparentadas en gobernar el Sultanato de Delhi hasta 1526.\u200B\u200B\u200B El mandato de Aibak como administrador de la dinast\u00EDa G\u00FArida dur\u00F3 de 1192 a 1206, per\u00EDodo durante el cual dirigi\u00F3 invasiones al coraz\u00F3n del Ganges de la India y estableci\u00F3 el control sobre algunas de las nuevas \u00E1reas.\u200B"@es . . . . . "Tomara dynasty"@en . "Die Sklavendynastie (persisch \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u063A\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646, DMG Sal\u1E6Danat-i \u0121ul\u0101m\u0101n) stellte die ersten Sultane von Delhi in Indien von 1206 bis 1290. Der Gr\u00FCnder der Dynastie, Qutb-ud-Din Aibak, war ein ehemaliger t\u00FCrkischer Sklave des Aibak-Stammes, der zum Kommandanten der Armeen und Verwalter des Herrschaftsgebiets Muhammad von Ghurs in Indien aufstieg."@de . . . . "\uB178\uC608 \uC655\uC870"@ko . . "Die Sklavendynastie (persisch \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u063A\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646, DMG Sal\u1E6Danat-i \u0121ul\u0101m\u0101n) stellte die ersten Sultane von Delhi in Indien von 1206 bis 1290. Der Gr\u00FCnder der Dynastie, Qutb-ud-Din Aibak, war ein ehemaliger t\u00FCrkischer Sklave des Aibak-Stammes, der zum Kommandanten der Armeen und Verwalter des Herrschaftsgebiets Muhammad von Ghurs in Indien aufstieg."@de . "Mamluk dynasty 1206 - 1290 ad.GIF"@en . . . . . "The Mamluk dynasty (Persian: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u06A9, romanized: Sal\u1E6Danat Maml\u016Bk) was founded in Northern India by Qutb ud-Din Aibak, a Turkic Mamluk slave-general of the Ghurid Empire from Central Asia. The Mamluk dynasty ruled from 1206 to 1290; it was the first of five unrelated dynasties to rule as the Delhi Sultanate until 1526. Before the establishment of the Mamluk dynasty, Qutb al-Din Aibak's tenure as a Ghurid dynasty administrator lasted from 1192 to 1206, a period during which he led forays into the Gangetic plain and established control over some of the new areas."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La Mamluka dinastio (foje nomata Sklava dinastio a\u016D Gulama dinastio) (en persa: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u06A9, en urdua: \u063A\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062E\u0627\u0646\u062F\u0627\u0646) estis dinastio reganta en Norda Hindio de Kutb ud-Din Aibak, nome tjurka mamluka sklava generalo el Centra Azio. La Mamluka dinastio regis de 1206 \u011Dis 1290; \u011Di estis la unua el kvin neparencaj dinastioj kiuj regis en la Delhia Sultanlando \u011Dis 1526. La posteno de Aibak kiel administranto de la Gurida dinastio da\u016Dris de 1192 \u011Dis 1206, nome periodo dum kiu li estris invadojn en la Ganga kerno de Hindio kaj establis kontrolon \u0109irka\u016D kelkaj el la novaj areoj."@eo . . "Sklavendynastie"@de . . "Khalji dynasty"@en . . "Kesultanan Mamluk (Delhi)"@in . . . . "Map_of_the_Cahamanas.png"@en . . . . . "1206"^^ . . "Den f\u00F6rsta dynasti som styrde delhisultanatet var mamlukerna, vilka f\u00F6rst var slavar i den f\u00F6rste sultanens, Qutb Al-Din Aibegs, tj\u00E4nst. Sultanen hade sj\u00E4lv inga s\u00F6ner, och uttalade d\u00E4rf\u00F6r som sin vilja att hans trogna slavar skulle eftertr\u00E4da honom p\u00E5 sultantronen."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . "La Mamluka dinastio (foje nomata Sklava dinastio a\u016D Gulama dinastio) (en persa: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u06A9, en urdua: \u063A\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062E\u0627\u0646\u062F\u0627\u0646) estis dinastio reganta en Norda Hindio de Kutb ud-Din Aibak, nome tjurka mamluka sklava generalo el Centra Azio. La Mamluka dinastio regis de 1206 \u011Dis 1290; \u011Di estis la unua el kvin neparencaj dinastioj kiuj regis en la Delhia Sultanlando \u011Dis 1526. La posteno de Aibak kiel administranto de la Gurida dinastio da\u016Dris de 1192 \u011Dis 1206, nome periodo dum kiu li estris invadojn en la Ganga kerno de Hindio kaj establis kontrolon \u0109irka\u016D kelkaj el la novaj areoj."@eo . . . . "\u5EAB\u7279\u5E03\u6C99\u5E0C\u738B\u671D\uFF081206-1290\uFF09\u662F\u5FB7\u91CC\u8607\u4E39\u570B\u7B2C\u4E00\u500B\u738B\u671D\u3002\u7531\u65BC\u738B\u671D\u7684\u5275\u5EFA\u8005\u5EAB\u7279\u5E03\u4E01\u00B7\u827E\u4F0A\u62DC\u514B\u672C\u662F\u7A81\u53A5\u6B3D\u5BDF\u65CF\u7684\u4E00\u540D\u5974\u96B8\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u53C8\u540D\u5974\u96B8\u738B\u671D\u3002 1206\u5E74\uFF0C\u53E4\u723E\u738B\u671D\u7684\u6700\u5F8C\u4E00\u4EFB\u570B\u738B\u9047\u523A\u8EAB\u4EA1\u3002\u56E0\u7A46\u7F55\u9ED8\u5FB7\u751F\u524D\u4E26\u6C92\u6709\u7559\u4E0B\u5F8C\u55E3\uFF0C\u7576\u6642\u6548\u5FE0\u7A46\u7F55\u9ED8\u5FB7\u7684\u5EAB\u7279\u5E03\u4E01\u4E58\u6A5F\u800C\u8D77\uFF0C\u6210\u70BA\u4E86\u738B\u570B\u7684\u63A5\u73ED\u4EBA\u3002\u5EAB\u7279\u5E03\u4E01\u81EA\u7A31\u5FB7\u91CC\u963F\u66FC\u8607\u4E39\uFF0C\u5B9A\u90FD\u62C9\u5408\u723E\uFF0C\u5176\u5F8C\u53C8\u5C07\u9996\u90FD\u9077\u5F80\u5FB7\u91CC\u3002 \u5EAB\u7279\u5E03\u4E01\u70BA\u4E00\u8654\u8AA0\u7A46\u65AF\u6797\uFF0C\u5728\u4F4D\u5176\u9593\u8208\u5EFA\u4E86\u4E0D\u5C11\u6E05\u771F\u5BFA\u3002\u5EAB\u7279\u5E03\u4E01\u5352\u65BC1210\u5E74\uFF0C\u4E26\u7531\u5176\u5973\u5A7F\u63A5\u4EFB\u738B\u4F4D\u3002\u5176\u5F8C\u5E7E\u4EFB\u8607\u4E39\u5927\u90FD\u662F\u820D\u59C6\u65AF\u4E01\u7684\u5F8C\u88D4\u30021286\u5E74\uFF0C\u738B\u671D\u7684\u7B2C9\u4EFB\u8607\u4E39\u5409\u4E9E\u65AF\u4E01\u00B7\u5DF4\u52D2\u73ED\u4EA1\u3002\u6B64\u5F8C\u5E7E\u5E74\u738B\u671D\u7531\u76DB\u8F49\u8870\uFF0C\u4E26\u65BC1290\u5E74\u7531\u83F2\u9B6F\u5179\u00B7\u5361\u723E\u5409\u6240\u5EFA\u7ACB\u7684\u5361\u723E\u5409\u738B\u671D\u6240\u53D6\u4EE3\u3002 \u8FD9\u4E2A\u738B\u671D\u7531\u79F0\u4E3A\u56DB\u5341\u4EBA\u96C6\u56E2\u7684\u8ECD\u4EBA\u638C\u63E1\u5927\u6743\uFF0C\u82CF\u4E39\u7531\u5F53\u4E2D\u6700\u5927\u6743\u529B\u5C07\u8ECD\u51FA\u4EFB\u3002"@zh . . . "\u5EAB\u7279\u5E03\u6C99\u5E0C\u738B\u671D\uFF081206-1290\uFF09\u662F\u5FB7\u91CC\u8607\u4E39\u570B\u7B2C\u4E00\u500B\u738B\u671D\u3002\u7531\u65BC\u738B\u671D\u7684\u5275\u5EFA\u8005\u5EAB\u7279\u5E03\u4E01\u00B7\u827E\u4F0A\u62DC\u514B\u672C\u662F\u7A81\u53A5\u6B3D\u5BDF\u65CF\u7684\u4E00\u540D\u5974\u96B8\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u53C8\u540D\u5974\u96B8\u738B\u671D\u3002 1206\u5E74\uFF0C\u53E4\u723E\u738B\u671D\u7684\u6700\u5F8C\u4E00\u4EFB\u570B\u738B\u9047\u523A\u8EAB\u4EA1\u3002\u56E0\u7A46\u7F55\u9ED8\u5FB7\u751F\u524D\u4E26\u6C92\u6709\u7559\u4E0B\u5F8C\u55E3\uFF0C\u7576\u6642\u6548\u5FE0\u7A46\u7F55\u9ED8\u5FB7\u7684\u5EAB\u7279\u5E03\u4E01\u4E58\u6A5F\u800C\u8D77\uFF0C\u6210\u70BA\u4E86\u738B\u570B\u7684\u63A5\u73ED\u4EBA\u3002\u5EAB\u7279\u5E03\u4E01\u81EA\u7A31\u5FB7\u91CC\u963F\u66FC\u8607\u4E39\uFF0C\u5B9A\u90FD\u62C9\u5408\u723E\uFF0C\u5176\u5F8C\u53C8\u5C07\u9996\u90FD\u9077\u5F80\u5FB7\u91CC\u3002 \u5EAB\u7279\u5E03\u4E01\u70BA\u4E00\u8654\u8AA0\u7A46\u65AF\u6797\uFF0C\u5728\u4F4D\u5176\u9593\u8208\u5EFA\u4E86\u4E0D\u5C11\u6E05\u771F\u5BFA\u3002\u5EAB\u7279\u5E03\u4E01\u5352\u65BC1210\u5E74\uFF0C\u4E26\u7531\u5176\u5973\u5A7F\u63A5\u4EFB\u738B\u4F4D\u3002\u5176\u5F8C\u5E7E\u4EFB\u8607\u4E39\u5927\u90FD\u662F\u820D\u59C6\u65AF\u4E01\u7684\u5F8C\u88D4\u30021286\u5E74\uFF0C\u738B\u671D\u7684\u7B2C9\u4EFB\u8607\u4E39\u5409\u4E9E\u65AF\u4E01\u00B7\u5DF4\u52D2\u73ED\u4EA1\u3002\u6B64\u5F8C\u5E7E\u5E74\u738B\u671D\u7531\u76DB\u8F49\u8870\uFF0C\u4E26\u65BC1290\u5E74\u7531\u83F2\u9B6F\u5179\u00B7\u5361\u723E\u5409\u6240\u5EFA\u7ACB\u7684\u5361\u723E\u5409\u738B\u671D\u6240\u53D6\u4EE3\u3002 \u8FD9\u4E2A\u738B\u671D\u7531\u79F0\u4E3A\u56DB\u5341\u4EBA\u96C6\u56E2\u7684\u8ECD\u4EBA\u638C\u63E1\u5927\u6743\uFF0C\u82CF\u4E39\u7531\u5F53\u4E2D\u6700\u5927\u6743\u529B\u5C07\u8ECD\u51FA\u4EFB\u3002"@zh . "Mamlukkendynastie"@nl . . . "1404049"^^ . "Base with inscriptions"@en . . . . . . "Delhi_Sultanate_under_Khalji_dynasty_-_based_on_A_Historical_Atlas_of_South_Asia.svg"@en . "Dinasti Mamluk (bahasa Persia: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u06A9, translit. Sal\u1E6Danat Maml\u016Bk, har. 'Kesultanan Mamluk') didirikan oleh seorang jendral keturunan Turki bernama , yang berkuasa di India Utara dari tahun 1209 hingga 1290. Hingga 1526 Kesultanan Delhi dikuasai beberapa dinasti asing yang tidak berkaitan dan Dinasti Mamluk ini merupakan salah satu dari lima dinasti asing yang berkuasa. Qutb Aybak menjabat sebagai jenderal dari 1191 hingga 1206. Pada masa itu dia memimpin invasi ke India Utara dan berhasil menguasai beberapa wilayah disekitaran sungai Gangga."@in . . . . . "Qutb_Minar_2011.jpg"@en . . . . . . . "La Dinastia mameluca (de vegades citada com a Dinastia Esclava o Dinastia Ghulam) (Urd\u00FA: \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u063A\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646, Hindi: \u0917\u093C\u0941\u0932\u093E\u092E \u0916\u093C\u093E\u0928\u0926\u093E\u0928),), fou dirigida a l'\u00CDndia per Qutb-ad-Din \u00C0ybak, un general t\u00FArquic nascut a l'\u00C0sia Central. Fou la primera de les cinc dinasties inconnexes que van governar el Sultanat indi de Delhi i el seu domini es va perllongar des del 1206 fins al 1290. L'acci\u00F3 d'Aybak com a administrador de la dinastia g\u00FArida es va desenvolupar entre 1192 i 1206, un per\u00EDode durant el qual va dur a terme invasions cap al cor del Ganges a l'\u00CDndia i durant el qual va establir tamb\u00E9 el seu control sobre algunes de les noves \u00E0rees."@ca . . . "La Dinastia mameluca (de vegades citada com a Dinastia Esclava o Dinastia Ghulam) (Urd\u00FA: \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u063A\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646, Hindi: \u0917\u093C\u0941\u0932\u093E\u092E \u0916\u093C\u093E\u0928\u0926\u093E\u0928),), fou dirigida a l'\u00CDndia per Qutb-ad-Din \u00C0ybak, un general t\u00FArquic nascut a l'\u00C0sia Central. Fou la primera de les cinc dinasties inconnexes que van governar el Sultanat indi de Delhi i el seu domini es va perllongar des del 1206 fins al 1290. L'acci\u00F3 d'Aybak com a administrador de la dinastia g\u00FArida es va desenvolupar entre 1192 i 1206, un per\u00EDode durant el qual va dur a terme invasions cap al cor del Ganges a l'\u00CDndia i durant el qual va establir tamb\u00E9 el seu control sobre algunes de les noves \u00E0rees."@ca . . . .