. . . . "Adaside dynasty"@en . . . . . . "m\u0101t A\u0161\u0161ur"@en . . . . . "O M\u00E9dio Imp\u00E9rio Ass\u00EDrio foi o terceiro est\u00E1gio da hist\u00F3ria ass\u00EDria, cobrindo a hist\u00F3ria da Ass\u00EDria desde a ascens\u00E3o de Assurubalite I em c. 1 363 a.C. e a ascens\u00E3o da Ass\u00EDria como um estado territorial at\u00E9 a morte de Assurd\u00E3 II em 912 a.C. O M\u00E9dio Imp\u00E9rio Ass\u00EDrio foi o primeiro per\u00EDodo de ascend\u00EAncia da Ass\u00EDria como um imp\u00E9rio. Embora o imp\u00E9rio tenha experimentado sucessivos per\u00EDodos de expans\u00E3o e decl\u00EDnio, permaneceu o poder dominante do norte da Mesopot\u00E2mia durante todo o per\u00EDodo. Em termos de hist\u00F3ria ass\u00EDria, o per\u00EDodo ass\u00EDrio m\u00E9dio foi marcado por importantes desenvolvimentos sociais, pol\u00EDticos e religiosos, incluindo a crescente proemin\u00EAncia tanto do rei ass\u00EDrio quanto da divindade nacional ass\u00EDria Assur."@pt . . . . . . "O M\u00E9dio Imp\u00E9rio Ass\u00EDrio foi o terceiro est\u00E1gio da hist\u00F3ria ass\u00EDria, cobrindo a hist\u00F3ria da Ass\u00EDria desde a ascens\u00E3o de Assurubalite I em c. 1 363 a.C. e a ascens\u00E3o da Ass\u00EDria como um estado territorial at\u00E9 a morte de Assurd\u00E3 II em 912 a.C. O M\u00E9dio Imp\u00E9rio Ass\u00EDrio foi o primeiro per\u00EDodo de ascend\u00EAncia da Ass\u00EDria como um imp\u00E9rio. Embora o imp\u00E9rio tenha experimentado sucessivos per\u00EDodos de expans\u00E3o e decl\u00EDnio, permaneceu o poder dominante do norte da Mesopot\u00E2mia durante todo o per\u00EDodo. Em termos de hist\u00F3ria ass\u00EDria, o per\u00EDodo ass\u00EDrio m\u00E9dio foi marcado por importantes desenvolvimentos sociais, pol\u00EDticos e religiosos, incluindo a crescente proemin\u00EAncia tanto do rei ass\u00EDrio quanto da divindade nacional ass\u00EDria Assur. O M\u00E9dio Imp\u00E9rio Ass\u00EDrio foi fundado atrav\u00E9s de Assur, uma cidade-estado durante a maior parte do per\u00EDodo ass\u00EDrio antigo, e os territ\u00F3rios circundantes conquistando a independ\u00EAncia do reino de Mitani. Sob Assurubalite, a Ass\u00EDria come\u00E7ou a se expandir e afirmar seu lugar como uma das grandes pot\u00EAncias do Antigo Oriente Pr\u00F3ximo. Essa aspira\u00E7\u00E3o se concretizou principalmente atrav\u00E9s dos esfor\u00E7os dos reis Adadenirari I (c. 1305\u20131274 a.C.), Salmaneser I (c. 1273\u20131244 a.C.) e Tuculti-Ninurta I (c. 1243\u20131207 a.C.), sob os quais a Ass\u00EDria se expandiu por um tempo para se tornar o poder dominante na Mesopot\u00E2mia. O reinado de Tuculti-Ninurta I marcou o auge do M\u00E9dio Imp\u00E9rio Ass\u00EDrio e incluiu a subjuga\u00E7\u00E3o da Babil\u00F4nia e a funda\u00E7\u00E3o de uma nova capital, , embora tenha sido abandonada ap\u00F3s sua morte. Embora a Ass\u00EDria tenha ficado em grande parte ilesa pelos efeitos diretos do colapso da Idade do Bronze no final do s\u00E9culo XII a.C., o M\u00E9dio Imp\u00E9rio Ass\u00EDrio come\u00E7ou a experimentar um per\u00EDodo significativo de decl\u00EDnio aproximadamente ao mesmo tempo. O assassinato de Tuculti-Ninurta I em c. 1 207 a.C. levou a conflitos interdin\u00E1sticos e uma queda significativa no poder ass\u00EDrio. Mesmo durante seu per\u00EDodo de decl\u00EDnio, os reis ass\u00EDrios m\u00E9dios continuaram a ser geopoliticamente assertivos; tanto Assurd\u00E3 I (c. 1178\u20131133 a.C.) quanto (c. 1132\u20131115 a.C.) fizeram campanha contra a Babil\u00F4nia. Sob o filho e sucessor de Assurrexixi, Tiglate-Pileser I (r. 1114\u20131076 a.C.), o M\u00E9dio Imp\u00E9rio Ass\u00EDrio experimentou um per\u00EDodo de ressurgimento, devido a amplas campanhas e conquistas. Os ex\u00E9rcitos de Tiglate-Pileser marcharam t\u00E3o longe do cora\u00E7\u00E3o ass\u00EDrio quanto o Mediterr\u00E2neo. Embora as terras reconquistadas e rec\u00E9m-conquistadas tenham sido mantidas por algum tempo, o imp\u00E9rio experimentou um segundo e mais catastr\u00F3fico per\u00EDodo de decl\u00EDnio ap\u00F3s a morte do filho de Tiglate-Pileser, Assurbelcala (r. 1073\u20131056 a.C.), que viu a perda da maioria dos territ\u00F3rios do imp\u00E9rio fora de seu cora\u00E7\u00E3o, em parte devido a invas\u00F5es de tribos arameias. O decl\u00EDnio ass\u00EDrio come\u00E7ou a ser revertido novamente sob Assurd\u00E3 II (r. 934\u2013912 a.C.), que fez campanha extensiva nas regi\u00F5es perif\u00E9ricas do cora\u00E7\u00E3o ass\u00EDrio. Os sucessos de Assurd\u00E3 II e seus sucessores imediatos na restaura\u00E7\u00E3o do dom\u00EDnio ass\u00EDrio sobre as antigas terras do imp\u00E9rio, e com o tempo indo muito al\u00E9m delas, \u00E9 usado por historiadores modernos para marcar a transi\u00E7\u00E3o do M\u00E9dio Imp\u00E9rio Ass\u00EDrio para o posterior Imp\u00E9rio Neoass\u00EDrio. Teologicamente, o per\u00EDodo ass\u00EDrio m\u00E9dio viu importantes transforma\u00E7\u00F5es no papel do deus Assur. Tendo se originado como uma personifica\u00E7\u00E3o divinizada da pr\u00F3pria cidade de Assur alguns s\u00E9culos antes no per\u00EDodo ass\u00EDrio inicial, o deus Assur no per\u00EDodo ass\u00EDrio m\u00E9dio tornou-se igualado ao antigo chefe sum\u00E9rio do pante\u00E3o, Enlil, e isso foi como resultado da guerra e expansionismo ass\u00EDrio transformando um deus principalmente agr\u00EDcola em um deus militar. A transi\u00E7\u00E3o da Ass\u00EDria de uma cidade-estado para um imp\u00E9rio tamb\u00E9m teve importantes consequ\u00EAncias administrativas e pol\u00EDticas. Enquanto os governantes ass\u00EDrios do per\u00EDodo ass\u00EDrio antigo governavam com o t\u00EDtulo de i\u0161\u0161iak (\"governador\") em conjunto com uma assembleia da cidade composta por figuras influentes de Assur, os reis ass\u00EDrios m\u00E9dios eram governantes autocr\u00E1ticos que usavam o t\u00EDtulo de \u0161ar (\"rei\") e buscavam status igual aos monarcas de outros imp\u00E9rios. A transi\u00E7\u00E3o para um imp\u00E9rio tamb\u00E9m levou ao desenvolvimento de v\u00E1rios sistemas necess\u00E1rios, como um sistema de estradas sofisticado, v\u00E1rias divis\u00F5es administrativas de territ\u00F3rio e uma complexa rede de administradores e funcion\u00E1rios reais."@pt . . . . . . . "Middle Assyrian Empire"@en . . . . . . . . "Il Regno medio-assiro \u00E8 una fase storica del Regno assiro, posta tra il Regno paleo-assiro (XIV secolo a.C.) e il Regno neo-assiro (X secolo a.C.). Svincolatasi dalla dominazione dei popoli stranieri (Babilonesi e Mitannici), l'Assiria torn\u00F2 al potere dal 1365 a.C. al 1074 a.C., con i regni di Ashur-uballit I, Tukulti-Ninurta I (1244-1208 a.C.) e Tiglatpileser I.Ashur-uballit estese il controllo assiro sulle ricche terre agricole di Ninive e Arbela a nord. Tiglatpileser controll\u00F2 le redditizie rotte carovaniere che attraversavano la Mezzaluna fertile dal Mediterraneo al Golfo Persico. Gran parte delle campagne militari di Tiglatpileser e successori furono dirette contro le trib\u00F9 aramaiche della Siria che premevano sui centri assiri ed entro la fine del II millennio a.C. aveva portato alla perdita di gran parte del territorio assiro nell'Alta Mesopotamia. Dopo la morte di Tiglatpileser I (1076 a.C.), l'Assiria ristagn\u00F2 per 150 anni. Il periodo dal 1200-900 a.C., spesso indicato come \"Collasso dell'Et\u00E0 del Bronzo\" fu un'era nefasta per tutte le regioni del Vicino Oriente, del Nordafrica, del Caucaso, del Mediterraneo e dei Balcani, con grandi sconvolgimenti e movimenti di massa di persone. L'Assiria fu per\u00F2 in una posizione pi\u00F9 vantaggiosa in questo periodo rispetto a potenziali rivali come l'Egitto, Babilonia, Elam, Frigia, Urartu, Persia e Media."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Le royaume m\u00E9dio-assyrien (ou empire m\u00E9dio-assyrien) est une phase de l'histoire de l'Assyrie, d'environ 1500 ou 1400 \u00E0 934 av. J.-C. Le royaume dirig\u00E9 depuis la cit\u00E9 d'Assur devient alors une des grandes puissances du Proche-Orient, parvenant \u00E0 dominer la Haute M\u00E9sopotamie du milieu du XIVe au d\u00E9but du XIe si\u00E8cle av. J.-C. Cette p\u00E9riode dite \u00AB m\u00E9dio-assyrienne \u00BB correspond \u00E0 la p\u00E9riode finale de l'\u00E2ge du bronze r\u00E9cent. Apr\u00E8s une p\u00E9riode pal\u00E9o-assyrienne (XXe \u2013\u2009XVIe si\u00E8cle av. J.-C.) durant laquelle la cit\u00E9 d'Assur n'est pas une puissance politique qui compte dans le Nord m\u00E9sopotamien, et apr\u00E8s la phase de domination de cette r\u00E9gion par le Mittani de la fin du XVIe si\u00E8cle av. J.-C. jusqu'\u00E0 la premi\u00E8re moiti\u00E9 du XIVe si\u00E8cle av. J.-C., les rois assyriens, \u00E0 partir d'Assur-uballit Ier, deviennent la puissance h\u00E9g\u00E9monique de cette r\u00E9gion, et une des principales puissances du Moyen-Orient de l'\u00E9poque, rivale de Babylone et des Hittites. Durant le XIe si\u00E8cle av. J.-C., ils reculent n\u00E9anmoins, face aux incursions de tribus aram\u00E9ennes, qui entra\u00EEnent un r\u00E9tractation du royaume assyrien autour de sa cit\u00E9 d'origine, \u00E0 partir de laquelle il devait partir \u00E0 la reconqu\u00EAte de la Haute M\u00E9sopotamie au d\u00E9but de la p\u00E9riode n\u00E9o-assyrienne."@fr . "plainlist"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "El Estado imperial Asirio Medio es el per\u00EDodo en la historia de Asiria entre la ca\u00EDda del Estado imperial Antiguo Asirio en el Siglo XIV a. C. y el establecimiento del Estado Imperial Neoasirio en el Siglo X a. C."@es . . . . . . . "El Estado imperial Asirio Medio es el per\u00EDodo en la historia de Asiria entre la ca\u00EDda del Estado imperial Antiguo Asirio en el Siglo XIV a. C. y el establecimiento del Estado Imperial Neoasirio en el Siglo X a. C."@es . . "M\u00E9dio Imp\u00E9rio Ass\u00EDrio"@pt . . "\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062A\u062F\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F \u0648\u062A\u0623\u0633\u064A\u0633 \u0627\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F."@ar . "1305"^^ . . . . . . "19373418"^^ . . . . . . . "Second period of expansion"@en . . . . . "Mitanni"@en . . . . . "First period of decline"@en . . . "Old Assyrian period"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kekaisaran Asyur Pertengahan adalah periode dalam antara runtuhnya pada abad ke-14 SM dan pembentukan Kekaisaran Asiria Baru pada abad ke-10 SM. Ashur-uballit I, Shamshi-Adad I dan Tiglath-Pileser I (1115\u20131077 SM) di anggap oleh para sejarawan sebagai pendiri Kekaisaran Asiria yang pertama. Putra Ashur-resh-ishi I, yang naik takhta setelah kematian ayahnya, menjadi salah satu penakluk terbesar Asiria selama 38 tahun pemerintahannya."@in . "1363"^^ . . "1055"^^ . . . . . . . . . "1191"^^ . . . . . . "Approximate map of the Middle Assyrian Empire at its height in the 13th century BC"@en . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062A\u062F\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F \u0648\u062A\u0623\u0633\u064A\u0633 \u0627\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "El Per\u00EDode assiri mitj\u00E0 \u00E9s el per\u00EDode de la hist\u00F2ria d'Ass\u00EDria entre la caiguda de l'imperi assiri antic al segle xiv aC i l'establiment de l'Imperi neoassiri al segle x aC"@ca . . . . . . . . . . "Assyria"@en . . . "1114"^^ . "M\u00E9dio-assyrien.png"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Als mittelassyrische Zeit wird ein Abschnitt in der altorientalischen Geschichte bezeichnet.Als Beginn wird die Befreiung der Stadt A\u0161\u0161ur von den Mittani durch Eriba-Adad I. im Jahr 1380 v. Chr. angesetzt, der Abschnitt endet im Jahr 912 v. Chr. Daran schlie\u00DFt sich die neuassyrische Zeit an.Der Begriff wird nur f\u00FCr den n\u00F6rdlichen Teil Mesopotamiens verwendet; die zeitlich grob entsprechenden Epochen in S\u00FCdmesopotamien hei\u00DFen Kassitenzeit (1580\u20131200 v. Chr.) und Isin-II-Zeit (1160\u20131026 v. Chr.)."@de . . . . . . . "Middle Assyrian Empire"@en . . . . . . "1273"^^ . "Royaume m\u00E9dio-assyrien"@fr . . . "1206"^^ . . . "Midden-Assyrische Rijk"@nl . . . . . . . . . "934"^^ . . . . . . . . "Il Regno medio-assiro \u00E8 una fase storica del Regno assiro, posta tra il Regno paleo-assiro (XIV secolo a.C.) e il Regno neo-assiro (X secolo a.C.). Svincolatasi dalla dominazione dei popoli stranieri (Babilonesi e Mitannici), l'Assiria torn\u00F2 al potere dal 1365 a.C. al 1074 a.C., con i regni di Ashur-uballit I, Tukulti-Ninurta I (1244-1208 a.C.) e Tiglatpileser I.Ashur-uballit estese il controllo assiro sulle ricche terre agricole di Ninive e Arbela a nord. Tiglatpileser controll\u00F2 le redditizie rotte carovaniere che attraversavano la Mezzaluna fertile dal Mediterraneo al Golfo Persico. Gran parte delle campagne militari di Tiglatpileser e successori furono dirette contro le trib\u00F9 aramaiche della Siria che premevano sui centri assiri ed entro la fine del II millennio a.C. aveva portato alla "@it . . . . . . . . . . . . "Bronze and Iron Age"@en . . "* Ashur-uballit I\n* Enlil-nirari\n* Arik-den-ili\n* Adad-nirari I\n* Shalmaneser I\n* Tukulti-Ninurta I\n* Ashur-nadin-apli\n* Ashur-nirari III\n* Enlil-kudurri-usur\n* Ninurta-apal-Ekur\n* Ashur-dan I\n* Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur\n* Mutakkil-Nusku\n* Ashur-resh-ishi I\n* Tiglath-Pileser I\n* Asharid-apal-Ekur\n* Ashur-bel-kala\n* Eriba-Adad II\n* Shamshi-Adad IV\n* Ashurnasirpal I\n* Shalmaneser II\n* Ashur-nirari IV\n* Ashur-rabi II\n* Ashur-resh-ishi II\n* Tiglath-Pileser II\n* Ashur-dan II\n* 1363\u20131328 BC\n* 1327\u20131318 BC\n* 1317\u20131306 BC\n* 1305\u20131274 BC\n* 1273\u20131244 BC\n* 1243\u20131207 BC\n* 1206\u20131203 BC\n* 1202\u20131197 BC\n* 1196\u20131192 BC\n* 1191\u20131179 BC\n* 1178\u20131133 BC\n* 1132 BC\n* 1132 BC\n* 1132\u20131115 BC\n* 1114\u20131076 BC\n* 1075\u20131074 BC\n* 1073\u20131056 BC\n* 1055\u20131054 BC\n* 1053\u20131050 BC\n* 1049\u20131031 BC\n* 1030\u20131019 BC\n* 1018\u20131013 BC\n* 1012\u2013972 BC\n* 971\u2013967 BC\n* 966\u2013935 BC\n* 934\u2013912 BC"@en . "1243"^^ . . . . . . "1124171262"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "El Per\u00EDode assiri mitj\u00E0 \u00E9s el per\u00EDode de la hist\u00F2ria d'Ass\u00EDria entre la caiguda de l'imperi assiri antic al segle xiv aC i l'establiment de l'Imperi neoassiri al segle x aC"@ca . . . "Second period of decline"@en . . . . . . . "Neo-Assyrian Empire"@en . . . "912"^^ . . "Per\u00EDode assiri mitj\u00E0"@ca . . . "Middle Assyrian kings"@en . "Het Midden-Assyrische Rijk of kortweg Midden-Assyri\u00EB of de middel-Assyrische periode is een historiografische term voor een periode van relatief herstel van de onafhankelijkheid van Assyri\u00EB van midden 14e eeuw tot midden 11e eeuw v.Chr. Assyri\u00EB was sinds de 15e eeuw onderworpen door het Hurritische koninkrijk Mitanni. Door de opkomst van het Nieuw-Hettitische Rijk rond 1350 onder Suppiluliuma I werd Mitanni vanuit het noordwesten verzwakt en verloor daarmee ook zijn greep op de zuidoostelijke Assyrische vazal. Koning Assur-uballit I slaagde er bovendien in de Mitannische vorst Shattiwaza in een veldslag te verslaan. Hiermee begon het Midden-Assyrische Rijk: de stadstaat A\u0161\u0161ur was voor het eerst onafhankelijk sinds Hammurabi halverwege 18e eeuw het Oud-Assyrische Rijk verwoestte. Grote midden-Assyrische koningen waren Adad-nirari I (die Noord-Mesopotami\u00EB veroverde), Salmanasser I (die de restanten van Mitanni verwoestte) en Tukulti-Ninurta I. De laatste wist in 1235 Babylon te veroveren en Kardunia\u0161 (Kassitisch Babyloni\u00EB) zo'n tien jaar te overheersen; het Tukulti-Ninurta-epos getuigt hiervan. Uit eponiemen op tabletten ten tijde van Ninurta-apil-ekur kampte het Assyrische Rijk met moeilijke tijden, die de brandcatastrofe genoemd wordt. Het rijk bleef als politieke eenheid overeind, dit blijkt uit opgravingen in Tell Sabi Abyad. Een tweede midden-Assyrische bloeiperiode geschiedde onder Tiglat-Pileser I, die met alle omringende volkeren streed, aan het einde van zijn heerschappij ook Midden-Babyloni\u00EB veroverde en daarmee een tijdlang heerste van de Middellandse Zee tot de Perzische Golf. Daarnaast bouwde hij veel in A\u0161\u0161ur en Ninive, richtte een bibliotheek op en legde een zo\u00F6logische tuin aan. Zijn dood in 1077 wordt wel beschouwd als het einde van de Middel-Assyrische periode, toen het rijk verviel door interne verzwakking en het opdringen van de Aramee\u00EBrs. Na anderhalve eeuw van beperkte betekenis vond er omstreeks 900 een herstel plaats, wat gezien wordt als het begin van het Nieuw-Assyrische Rijk."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1132"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Assyria"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Middle Assyrian Empire"@en . . "Kekaisaran Asyur Pertengahan"@in . . . . . . . . . . . "Kekaisaran Asyur Pertengahan adalah periode dalam antara runtuhnya pada abad ke-14 SM dan pembentukan Kekaisaran Asiria Baru pada abad ke-10 SM. Ashur-uballit I, Shamshi-Adad I dan Tiglath-Pileser I (1115\u20131077 SM) di anggap oleh para sejarawan sebagai pendiri Kekaisaran Asiria yang pertama. Putra Ashur-resh-ishi I, yang naik takhta setelah kematian ayahnya, menjadi salah satu penakluk terbesar Asiria selama 38 tahun pemerintahannya. Ketika dari 1200 SM hingga 900 SM maka wilayah-wilayah di Timur Dekat, Afrika Utara, Asia Kecil, Kaukasus, Mediterania, dan Balkan memasuki Zaman Kegelapan dengan terjadinya pergolakan besar dan pergerakan manusia."@in . . "\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649"@ar . "1305"^^ . . "First period of expansion"@en . . "1114"^^ . "Imperio Asirio Medio"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Akkadian, Hurrian, Amorite, Aramaic and Elamite"@en . . . . . . "Regno medio-assiro"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Middle Assyrian Empire was the third stage of Assyrian history, covering the history of Assyria from the accession of Ashur-uballit I c. 1363 BC and the rise of Assyria as a territorial kingdom to the death of Ashur-dan II in 912 BC. The Middle Assyrian Empire was Assyria's first period of ascendancy as an empire. Though the empire experienced successive periods of expansion and decline, it remained the dominant power of northern Mesopotamia throughout the period. In terms of Assyrian history, the Middle Assyrian period was marked by important social, political and religious developments, including the rising prominence of both the Assyrian king and the Assyrian national deity Ashur. The Middle Assyrian Empire was founded through Assur, a city-state through most of the preceding Old Assyrian period, and the surrounding territories achieving independence from the Mitanni kingdom. Under Ashur-uballit, Assyria began to expand and assert its place as one of the great powers of the Ancient Near East. This aspiration chiefly came into fruition through the efforts of the kings Adad-nirari I (r. c. 1305\u20131274 BC), Shalmaneser I (r. c. 1273\u20131244 BC) and Tukulti-Ninurta I (r. c. 1243\u20131207 BC), under whom Assyria expanded to for a time become the dominant power in Mesopotamia. The reign of Tukulti-Ninurta I marked the height of the Middle Assyrian Empire and included the subjugation of Babylonia and the foundation of a new capital city, Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta, though it was abandoned after his death. Though Assyria was left largely unscathed by the direct effects of the Late Bronze Age collapse of the 12th century BC, the Middle Assyrian Empire began to experience a significant period of decline roughly at the same time. The assassination of Tukulti-Ninurta I c. 1207 BC led to inter-dynastic conflict and a significant drop in Assyrian power. Even during its period of decline, Middle Assyrian kings continued to be assertive geopolitically; both Ashur-dan I (r. c. 1178\u20131133 BC) and Ashur-resh-ishi I (r. 1132\u20131115 BC) campaigned against Babylonia. Under Ashur-resh-ishi I's son and successor Tiglath-Pileser I (r. 1114\u20131076 BC), the Middle Assyrian Empire experienced a period of resurgence, owing to wide-ranging campaigns and conquests. Tiglath-Pileser's armies marched as far from the Assyrian heartland as the Mediterranean. Though the reconquered and newly conquered lands were held on to for some time, the empire experienced a second and more catastrophic period of decline after the death of Tiglath-Pileser's son Ashur-bel-kala (r. 1073\u20131056 BC), which saw the loss of most of the empire's territories outside of its heartlands, partly due to invasions by Aramean tribes. Assyrian decline began to be reversed again under Ashur-dan II (r. 934\u2013912 BC), who campaigned extensively in the peripheral regions of the Assyrian heartland. The successes of Ashur-dan II and his immediate successors in restoring Assyrian rule over the empire's former lands, and in time going far beyond them, is used by modern historians to mark the transition from the Middle Assyrian Empire to the succeeding Neo-Assyrian Empire. Theologically, the Middle Assyrian period saw important transformations of the role of Ashur. Having originated as a deified personification of the city of Assur itself sometime centuries earlier in the Early Assyrian period, Ashur in the Middle Assyrian period became equated with the old Sumerian head of the pantheon, Enlil, and was as a result of Assyrian expansionism and warfare transformed from a primarily agricultural god into a military one. The transition of Assyria from a city-state into an empire also had important administrative and political consequences. While the Assyrian rulers of the Old Assyrian period had governed with the title i\u0161\u0161iak (\"governor\") jointly with a city assembly made up of influential figures from Assur, the Middle Assyrian kings were autocratic rulers who used the title \u0161ar (\"king\") and sought equal status to the monarchs of other empires. The transition into an empire also led to the development of various necessary systems, such as a sophisticated road system, various administrative divisions of territory and a complex web of royal administrators and officials."@en . . . . . . . "Death of Ashur-dan II"@en . . . . "Als mittelassyrische Zeit wird ein Abschnitt in der altorientalischen Geschichte bezeichnet.Als Beginn wird die Befreiung der Stadt A\u0161\u0161ur von den Mittani durch Eriba-Adad I. im Jahr 1380 v. Chr. angesetzt, der Abschnitt endet im Jahr 912 v. Chr. Daran schlie\u00DFt sich die neuassyrische Zeit an.Der Begriff wird nur f\u00FCr den n\u00F6rdlichen Teil Mesopotamiens verwendet; die zeitlich grob entsprechenden Epochen in S\u00FCdmesopotamien hei\u00DFen Kassitenzeit (1580\u20131200 v. Chr.) und Isin-II-Zeit (1160\u20131026 v. Chr.)."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . "Het Midden-Assyrische Rijk of kortweg Midden-Assyri\u00EB of de middel-Assyrische periode is een historiografische term voor een periode van relatief herstel van de onafhankelijkheid van Assyri\u00EB van midden 14e eeuw tot midden 11e eeuw v.Chr. Grote midden-Assyrische koningen waren Adad-nirari I (die Noord-Mesopotami\u00EB veroverde), Salmanasser I (die de restanten van Mitanni verwoestte) en Tukulti-Ninurta I. De laatste wist in 1235 Babylon te veroveren en Kardunia\u0161 (Kassitisch Babyloni\u00EB) zo'n tien jaar te overheersen; het Tukulti-Ninurta-epos getuigt hiervan."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . "m\u0101t A\u0161\u0161ur"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Mittelassyrische Zeit"@de . . "The Middle Assyrian Empire was the third stage of Assyrian history, covering the history of Assyria from the accession of Ashur-uballit I c. 1363 BC and the rise of Assyria as a territorial kingdom to the death of Ashur-dan II in 912 BC. The Middle Assyrian Empire was Assyria's first period of ascendancy as an empire. Though the empire experienced successive periods of expansion and decline, it remained the dominant power of northern Mesopotamia throughout the period. In terms of Assyrian history, the Middle Assyrian period was marked by important social, political and religious developments, including the rising prominence of both the Assyrian king and the Assyrian national deity Ashur."@en . . . . . . . . . "1363"^^ . . . . . "100285"^^ . . . . "Le royaume m\u00E9dio-assyrien (ou empire m\u00E9dio-assyrien) est une phase de l'histoire de l'Assyrie, d'environ 1500 ou 1400 \u00E0 934 av. J.-C. Le royaume dirig\u00E9 depuis la cit\u00E9 d'Assur devient alors une des grandes puissances du Proche-Orient, parvenant \u00E0 dominer la Haute M\u00E9sopotamie du milieu du XIVe au d\u00E9but du XIe si\u00E8cle av. J.-C. Cette p\u00E9riode dite \u00AB m\u00E9dio-assyrienne \u00BB correspond \u00E0 la p\u00E9riode finale de l'\u00E2ge du bronze r\u00E9cent."@fr . "Accession of Ashur-uballit I"@en . . . .