. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "A ministerial by-election is a by-election to fill a vacancy triggered by the appointment of the sitting member of parliament (MP) as a minister in the cabinet. The requirement for new ministers to stand for re-election was introduced in the House of Commons of Great Britain in 1707 and also featured in Westminster system parliaments modelled on it. In latter times, the by-election was usually a formality, uncontested by the opposition. In the United Kingdom, ministerial by-elections were abolished as an anachronism in 1926. The Irish Free State, Union of South Africa, and Dominion of New Zealand never had them. In dualistic parliamentary systems, like those in the Netherlands, Slovakia and Sweden, ministers cannot be sitting MPs at the same time. Therefore, the appointment of a sitting MP as a minister triggers a vacancy in Parliament. If the normal rule for filling vacancies is holding a by-election (rather than a substitute automatically filling the vacancy, for example), a dualistic parliamentary system would thus have ministerial by-elections too."@en . . . . . . "A ministerial by-election is a by-election to fill a vacancy triggered by the appointment of the sitting member of parliament (MP) as a minister in the cabinet. The requirement for new ministers to stand for re-election was introduced in the House of Commons of Great Britain in 1707 and also featured in Westminster system parliaments modelled on it. In latter times, the by-election was usually a formality, uncontested by the opposition. In the United Kingdom, ministerial by-elections were abolished as an anachronism in 1926. The Irish Free State, Union of South Africa, and Dominion of New Zealand never had them."@en . . . . . . . . . . "1103394660"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "11024"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ministerial by-election"@en . . "5068758"^^ . . .