. . . . . "Der Mongolische Schamanismus ist eine traditionelle ethnische Religion in der Mongolei. Oft wird auch die Bezeichnung Mongolische Volksreligion oder Gelber Schamanismus benutzt. Es gibt Einfl\u00FCsse durch den klassischen Schamanismus aus Sibirien. Diese Einfl\u00FCsse wurden durch die nomadische Lebensweise der Mongolen und die damit verbundenen Kontakte zu anderen Volksst\u00E4mmen beg\u00FCnstigt. Die traditionelle Religion war mit der Gesellschaft in der Mongolei eng verkn\u00FCpft. Nach der Theorie von Julie Steward (1963\u20132006) besteht au\u00DFerdem eine unmittelbare Beziehung zum Tengrismus."@de . . . . . . . . . "Mongolian shamanism"@en . . "ch. 9.3 Tengerism"@en . . . . . "Bira"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Le chamanisme mongol, plus g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement appel\u00E9 religion populaire mongole ou occasionnellement tengrisme. En mongol, on parle de b\u00F6\u00F6 m\u00F6rg\u00F6l (mongol cyrillique : \u0431\u04E9\u04E9 \u043C\u04E9\u0440\u0433\u04E9\u043B), parfois traduit par paganisme."@fr . "1980"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "24025"^^ . . . . . . "El chamanismo mongol, entendido en sentido amplio como la religi\u00F3n popular de Mongolia, y a veces tambi\u00E9n llamado tengrismo, se refiere a la religi\u00F3n \u00E9tnica de car\u00E1cter animista y cham\u00E1nico que se ha practicado hist\u00F3ricamente en Mongolia y en los territorios circundantes (incluyendo Buriatia y Mongolia Interior).\u200B En el idioma mongol, el t\u00E9rmino empleado es B\u00F6\u00F6 m\u00F6rg\u00F6l (\u0411\u04E9\u04E9 \u043C\u04E9\u0440\u0433\u04E9\u043B). En sus fases m\u00E1s tempranas, esta religi\u00F3n popular se encontraba en una compleja interrelaci\u00F3n con todos los dem\u00E1s aspectos de la vida social y la organizaci\u00F3n tribal mongola. Durante el periodo de dominaci\u00F3n sovi\u00E9tica en Mongolia estas pr\u00E1cticas religiosas fueron duramente reprimidas, pero han ido resurgiendo desde entonces. A lo largo de su historia, la religi\u00F3n popular mongola se ha visto influida por, y mezclada con, elementos del budismo. Se denomina \u00AB\u00BB a la variante particular del chamanismo mongol que adopta el estilo expresivo del budismo. En Mongolia, el color amarillo simboliza el budismo, dado que la mayor\u00EDa de los budistas que hay en el pa\u00EDs pertenecen a la escuela Gelug (o \u00ABsecta amarilla\u00BB) del budismo tibetano, cuyos miembros llevan sombreros amarillos durante las ceremonias.\u200B Este t\u00E9rmino tambi\u00E9n sirve para distinguirlo de otra forma de chamanismo que, seg\u00FAn sus practicantes, carece de influencias budistas, denominado \u00AB\u00BB. \u200B El chamanismo mongol se basa principalmente en el culto a los diversos tngri (dioses) y a Tengger o Tengri (el gran dios celeste o \u00ABDios\u00BB), tambi\u00E9n llamado a veces (que a su vez suele identificarse con Ahura Mazda, la deidad celeste del zoroastrismo). En la religi\u00F3n popular mongola se considera a Gengis Kan como una de las encarnaciones, o incluso la encarnaci\u00F3n principal, de Tengger. \u200B El Mausoleo de Gengis Kan en la ciudad de Ordos, en Mongolia Interior, es un centro importante de su culto tradicional."@es . "\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063A\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0629: \u0411\u04E9\u04E9 \u043C\u04E9\u0440\u0433\u04E9\u043B - B\u00F6\u00F6 m\u00F6rg\u00F6l)\u060C \u062A\u064F\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063A\u0648\u0644\u064A\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0646\u063A\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0646\u064B\u0627\u060C \u062A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062B\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u064F\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0646\u063A\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u064A\u0637\u0629 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u063A\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644\u064A\u0629) \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062C\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0627\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0637\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062D\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062F \u0628\u062C\u0645\u064A\u0639 \u062C\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0646\u0638\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063A\u0648\u0644\u064A. \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064A\u0631\u062A\u0647\u0627\u060C \u062A\u0623\u062B\u0631\u062A \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0637\u062A \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0642\u064F\u0645\u0639\u062A \u0628\u0634\u062F\u0629 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062F\u062A \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0646."@ar . . . . "\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u063A\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . . . . "El chamanismo mongol, entendido en sentido amplio como la religi\u00F3n popular de Mongolia, y a veces tambi\u00E9n llamado tengrismo, se refiere a la religi\u00F3n \u00E9tnica de car\u00E1cter animista y cham\u00E1nico que se ha practicado hist\u00F3ricamente en Mongolia y en los territorios circundantes (incluyendo Buriatia y Mongolia Interior).\u200B En el idioma mongol, el t\u00E9rmino empleado es B\u00F6\u00F6 m\u00F6rg\u00F6l (\u0411\u04E9\u04E9 \u043C\u04E9\u0440\u0433\u04E9\u043B). En sus fases m\u00E1s tempranas, esta religi\u00F3n popular se encontraba en una compleja interrelaci\u00F3n con todos los dem\u00E1s aspectos de la vida social y la organizaci\u00F3n tribal mongola."@es . "Mongolian shamanism (Mongolian: \u0411\u04E9\u04E9 \u043C\u04E9\u0440\u0433\u04E9\u043B \u2014 B\u00F6\u00F6 m\u00F6rg\u00F6l), more broadly called the Mongolian folk religion, or occasionally Tengerism, refers to the animistic and shamanic ethnic religion that has been practiced in Mongolia and its surrounding areas (including Buryatia and Inner Mongolia) at least since the age of recorded history. In the earliest known stages it was intricately tied to all other aspects of social life and to the tribal organization of Mongolian society. Along the way, it has become influenced by and mingled with Buddhism. During the socialist years of the twentieth century, it was heavily repressed, but has since made a comeback. Yellow shamanism defines a distinct form of shamanism practiced in Mongolia and Siberia. The term \"yellow\" in \"Yellow Shamanism\" is derived from \"Yellow Buddhist\"; more commonly known as Tibetan Buddhism, this style of Shamanism integrated elements of ritual practice and traditional Buddhist customs. The Gelukpa (or Geluk) school of Buddhism, otherwise known as \"Yellow Hat,\" is one of four major schools (Nyingma, Kagyu, Sakya) established by the early 1400s in Tibetan Buddhism. Similar to the other Buddhist schools, Geluk combined the philosophy and cosmology of Mahayana Buddhism and incorporated distinctive qualities from the Vajrayana teachings to develop and cultivate its own traditions. The term Geluk means, \"Order of excellence\" or \"Virtuous order\" in the Tibetan language, which reflects the belief in the institution of the Tulku (incarnate lama) unique only to Tibetan Buddhism. Additionally, the color yellow is a significant color in Tibetan Buddhism, as it represents the color closest to daylight and symbolizes the humility Gautam Buddha displayed in choosing a color previously worn by criminals. Another distinctive quality of Tibetan Buddhism are the yellow pandita hats typically worn by monks. The term \"yellow shamanism\" also serves to distinguish it from a form of shamanism not influenced by Buddhism (according to its adherents), called black shamanism. Mongolian shamanism revolves around the worship of the \"Tngri\" (Ancestor spirits) and devotion to \"Father sky\" otherwise known as \"Tenger\" or \"Qormusta Tengri\" in Mongolian. In the Mongolian folk religion, Genghis Khan is considered one of the embodiments, if not the main embodiment, of the Tenger spirit. The Mausoleum of Genghis Khan in Ordos City, in Inner Mongolia, is an important center of this worship tradition."@en . "Mongolischer Schamanismus"@de . "Hesse"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2016"^^ . . 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"Der Mongolische Schamanismus ist eine traditionelle ethnische Religion in der Mongolei. Oft wird auch die Bezeichnung Mongolische Volksreligion oder Gelber Schamanismus benutzt. Es gibt Einfl\u00FCsse durch den klassischen Schamanismus aus Sibirien. Diese Einfl\u00FCsse wurden durch die nomadische Lebensweise der Mongolen und die damit verbundenen Kontakte zu anderen Volksst\u00E4mmen beg\u00FCnstigt. Die traditionelle Religion war mit der Gesellschaft in der Mongolei eng verkn\u00FCpft. Nach der Theorie von Julie Steward (1963\u20132006) besteht au\u00DFerdem eine unmittelbare Beziehung zum Tengrismus."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1987"^^ . "Turner"@en . . "Le chamanisme mongol, plus g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement appel\u00E9 religion populaire mongole ou occasionnellement tengrisme. En mongol, on parle de b\u00F6\u00F6 m\u00F6rg\u00F6l (mongol cyrillique : \u0431\u04E9\u04E9 \u043C\u04E9\u0440\u0433\u04E9\u043B), parfois traduit par paganisme. Le chamanisme jaune est un terme utilis\u00E9 pour d\u00E9signer une version particuli\u00E8re du chamanisme mongol, influenc\u00E9 par le bouddhisme. Le terme \u00AB Jaune \u00BB se r\u00E9f\u00E8re au bouddhisme majoritaire de Mongolie suivant l'\u00E9cole des bonnets jaunes (Gelugpa) du bouddhisme tib\u00E9tain, dans laquelle les membres portent des bonnets jaunes pendant le les services. Le terme sert \u00E9galement \u00E0 le distinguer d'un chamanisme qui n'est pas influenc\u00E9 par le bouddhisme (d'apr\u00E8s ses pratiquants), le chamanisme noir, ainsi que du ."@fr . . . "Chamanismo mongol"@es . . . . . . "1119520542"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Mongolian shamanism (Mongolian: \u0411\u04E9\u04E9 \u043C\u04E9\u0440\u0433\u04E9\u043B \u2014 B\u00F6\u00F6 m\u00F6rg\u00F6l), more broadly called the Mongolian folk religion, or occasionally Tengerism, refers to the animistic and shamanic ethnic religion that has been practiced in Mongolia and its surrounding areas (including Buryatia and Inner Mongolia) at least since the age of recorded history. In the earliest known stages it was intricately tied to all other aspects of social life and to the tribal organization of Mongolian society. Along the way, it has become influenced by and mingled with Buddhism. During the socialist years of the twentieth century, it was heavily repressed, but has since made a comeback."@en . "Chamanisme mongol"@fr . . . . "Heissig"@en . . . "46"^^ . . . . "2011"^^ . . . "34901253"^^ . "403"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .