. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Murmansk Initiative (/m\u0259rm\u00E6nsk \u026A\u02C8n\u026A\u0283\u0259t\u026Avz/; Russian: \u041C\u0443\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0432\u044B, Russian pronunciation: [/\u041C\u0443\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435/ \u026An\u02B2\u026At\u0361s\u1D7B\u0250t\u02B2\u02C8iv\u1D7B]) was a series of wide-range foreign policy proposals concerning the Arctic region made in a speech by the Secretary-General of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union - Mikhail Gorbachev - on October 1, 1987 in Murmansk, Soviet Union, considered to be a trademark of his foreign policy."@en . "24527"^^ . . . . . . "\u041C\u0443\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044B \u2014 \u0432\u043D\u0435\u0448\u043D\u0435\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0413\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0435\u043A\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044F \u0426\u041A \u041A\u041F\u0421\u0421 \u041C. \u0421. \u0413\u043E\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0451\u0432\u0430, \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 1 \u043E\u043A\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1987 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u041C\u0443\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0435. \u041C\u0443\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044B \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u043E\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043E\u043C/\u0415\u0432\u0440\u043E\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0435. \u0418\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C: \n* \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u044A\u044F\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0437\u043E\u043D\u044B \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0435; \n* \u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E-\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0433\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043A \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0445; \n* \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u043F\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043E\u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043E\u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0410\u0440\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438; \n* \u043D\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u0440\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438; \n* \u043E\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044B \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430; \n* \u043E\u0442\u043A\u0440\u044B\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0443\u0442\u0438."@ru . . . . . . "\u041C\u0443\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044B \u2014 \u0432\u043D\u0435\u0448\u043D\u0435\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0413\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0435\u043A\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044F \u0426\u041A \u041A\u041F\u0421\u0421 \u041C. \u0421. \u0413\u043E\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0451\u0432\u0430, \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 1 \u043E\u043A\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1987 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u041C\u0443\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0435. \u041C\u0443\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044B \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u043E\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043E\u043C/\u0415\u0432\u0440\u043E\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0435. \u0418\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C: \n* \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u044A\u044F\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0437\u043E\u043D\u044B \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0435; \n* \u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E-\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0433\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043A \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0445; \n* \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u043F\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043E\u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043E\u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0410\u0440\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438; \n* \u043D\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u0440\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438; \n* \u043E\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044B \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430; \n* \u043E\u0442\u043A\u0440\u044B\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0443\u0442\u0438. \u041C\u0443\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044B \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043E\u0442\u0437\u044B\u0432\u044B \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043E\u043C. \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u044B \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E."@ru . . . . "60203913"^^ . "\u041C\u0443\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044B"@ru . . . . . . . . "Murmansk Initiative"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Murmansk Initiative (/m\u0259rm\u00E6nsk \u026A\u02C8n\u026A\u0283\u0259t\u026Avz/; Russian: \u041C\u0443\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0432\u044B, Russian pronunciation: [/\u041C\u0443\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435/ \u026An\u02B2\u026At\u0361s\u1D7B\u0250t\u02B2\u02C8iv\u1D7B]) was a series of wide-range foreign policy proposals concerning the Arctic region made in a speech by the Secretary-General of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union - Mikhail Gorbachev - on October 1, 1987 in Murmansk, Soviet Union, considered to be a trademark of his foreign policy. The initiative tied together economic, environmental, and security issues in the Arctic. Gorbachev's aim was to transform the Arctic Circle from being a military theater to an international zone of peace among the Arctic powers. The initiative was launched as an invitation for disarmament of nuclear weapons and establishment of an East-West dialogue around the Arctic. The Murmansk speech's goals paralleled Gorbachev's ambitions in previous speeches, like the one in Vladivostok (July, 1986) dealing with Asia-Pacific relations and a later speech in Belgrade (March, 1988) dealing with problems pertaining to security in the Mediterranean Region. The Murmansk Initiative was considered a major turning point in the Arctic policy of the Soviet Union (USSR) and represented the application of Gorbachev's \"new political thinking\" in Northern Europe. It helped guide the foreign policy of the newly-formed Russian government in the Arctic after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1078403166"^^ .