. . . . . "1949-10-06"^^ . . "Mutual Defense Assistance Act"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "\u00A7 1571 et seq."@en . "1949-08-15"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5171\u540C\u9632\u5FA1\u63F4\u52A9\u6CD5\u6848"@zh . . . . . . "1949-10-06"^^ . . . . "1949-08-18"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "22067"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Het Mutual Defense Aid Program ook aangeduid met Mutual Defense Assistance Programme (afgekort tot MDAP) werd na de Tweede Wereldoorlog in het leven geroepen door de Verenigde Staten om de Europese landen te assisteren bij het opbouwen van hun strijdmachten. Het doel van het programma was ervoor te zorgen dat West-Europa buiten de invloedssfeer van de Sovjet-Unie bleef. Tussen 1948 en 1954 is ca. 30 miljard dollar hieraan uitgegeven door de Verenigde Staten. Hieronder was begrepen:"@nl . "\u300A\u5171\u540C\u9632\u5FA1\u63F4\u52A9\u6CD5\u300B\uFF0C\u5373\u300A\u519B\u63F4\u6CD5\u300B\uFF0C\u6C11\u56FD\u653F\u5E9C\u79F0\u4E4B\u4E3A\u201C\u8054\u9632\u4E92\u52A9\u6CD5\u6848\u201D\uFF0C\u662F\u51B7\u6218\u65F6\u671F\u7F8E\u56FD\u7B2C\u4E00\u90E8\u63F4\u5916\u6CD5\u6848\u3002\u53D71949\u5E749\u6708\u82CF\u8054\u7206\u70B8\u9996\u9897\u539F\u5B50\u5F39\uFF0C1949\u5E7410\u67081\u65E5\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u6210\u7ACB\u5BFC\u81F4\u4E16\u754C\u57FA\u672C\u529B\u91CF\u5BF9\u6BD4\u53D8\u5316\u5F71\u54CD\uFF0C1949\u5E7410\u67086\u65E5\u7F8E\u56FD\u603B\u7EDF\u675C\u9C81\u95E8\u7B7E\u7F72\u751F\u6548\u300A\u5171\u540C\u9632\u5FA1\u63F4\u52A9\u6CD5\u300B\uFF1A\u4E3A\u671F\u4E00\u5E74\u62E8\u6B3E13.1401\u4EBF\u7F8E\u5143\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D10\u4EBF\u63F4\u52A9\u5317\u7EA6\u56FD\u5BB6\uFF0C2.1137\u4EBF\u7F8E\u5143\u63F4\u52A9\u5BF9\u6297\u5171\u4EA7\u4E3B\u4E49\u524D\u7EBF\u7684\u5E0C\u814A\u548C\u571F\u8033\u5176\uFF08\u5F53\u65F6\u4E24\u56FD\u8FD8\u4E0D\u662F\u5317\u7EA6\u6210\u5458\uFF09\uFF0C2764\u4E07\u7F8E\u5143\u63F4\u52A9\u4F0A\u6717\u3001\u5357\u97E9\u3001\u83F2\u5F8B\u5BBE\uFF0C7500\u4E07\u7F8E\u5143\u63F4\u52A9\u64A4\u53F0\u7684\u6C11\u56FD\u5F53\u5C40\u3002\u8BE5\u6CD5\u6848\u4F5C\u4E3A1948\u5E744\u67083\u65E5\u5411\u897F\u6B27\u63D0\u4F9B\u7ECF\u6D4E\u4E0E\u793E\u4F1A\u53D1\u5C55\u63F4\u52A9\u7684\u9A6C\u6B47\u5C14\u8BA1\u5212\u7684\u91CD\u8981\u8865\u5145\uFF0C\u628A\u7F8E\u56FD\u7684\u5916\u4EA4\u4E0E\u519B\u4E8B\u8FDB\u4E00\u6B65\u7D27\u5BC6\u7ED3\u5408\u8D77\u6765\uFF0C\u4ECE\u800C\u4F7F\u5317\u7EA6\u6210\u5458\u56FD\u201C\u518D\u519B\u5907\u201D\u80FD\u591F\u53D1\u6325\u5B9E\u9645\u4F5C\u7528\u3002\u300A\u5171\u540C\u9632\u5FA1\u63F4\u52A9\u6CD5\u300B\u7684\u6267\u884C\uFF0C\u7531\u603B\u7EDF\u6388\u6743\u56FD\u52A1\u9662\u8D1F\u8D23\uFF0C\u56FD\u52A1\u9662\u7684\u5171\u540C\u9632\u5FA1\u63F4\u52A9\u4E3B\u4EFB\u529E\u516C\u5BA4\u3001\u56FD\u9632\u90E8\u4EE3\u8868\u3001\u4EE3\u8868\u7EC4\u6210\u5BF9\u5916\u519B\u4E8B\u63F4\u52A9\u90E8\u9645\u534F\u8C03\u59D4\u5458\u4F1A\u6267\u884C\u65E5\u5E38\u4E8B\u52A1\u3002 \u671D\u9C9C\u6218\u4E89\u7206\u53D1\u540E\uFF0C\u675C\u9C81\u95E8\u63D0\u51FA\u201C\u5FC5\u987B\u5E2E\u52A9\u5728\u5171\u540C\u9632\u5FA1\u4E2D\u4E0E\u6211\u4EEC\u6709\u8054\u7CFB\u7684\u589E\u5F3A\u519B\u4E8B\u529B\u91CF\u201D\uFF0C\u201C\u538B\u5012\u4E00\u5207\u7684\u76EE\u7684\u662F\u6B66\u88C5\u6B27\u6D32\u201D\u30021950\u5E747\u670826\u65E5\u7F8E\u56FD\u56FD\u4F1A\u901A\u8FC7\u4E861951\u8D22\u653F\u5E74\u5EA6\u300A\u5171\u540C\u9632\u5FA1\u63F4\u52A9\u6CD5\u300B\u5BF9\u5916\u519B\u63F4\u62E8\u6B3E12.25\u4EBF\u7F8E\u5143\u30021950\u5E748\u67081\u65E5\uFF0C\u675C\u9C81\u95E8\u63D0\u51FA\u589E\u52A040\u4EBF\u7F8E\u5143\u5BF9\u5916\u519B\u63F4\uFF0C\u56FD\u4F1A\u4E8E9\u670827\u65E5\u4E88\u4EE5\u6279\u51C6\u3002\u5317\u7EA6\u56FD\u5BB6\u5206\u5F9734\u4EBF\u7F8E\u5143\uFF0C\u5E0C\u814A\u3001\u571F\u8033\u5176\u3001\u4F0A\u6717\u5206\u5F971.93\u4EBF\u7F8E\u5143\uFF0C\u5357\u97E9\u3001\u83F2\u5F8B\u5BBE\u3001\u6C11\u56FD\u5206\u5F973.03\u4EBF\u7F8E\u5143\u3002"@zh . "1949-09-28"^^ . . . . . . "Agreed"@en . "The Mutual Defense Assistance Act was a United States Act of Congress signed by President Harry S. Truman on 6 October 1949. For US Foreign policy, it was the first U.S. military foreign aid legislation of the Cold War era, and initially to Europe. The Act followed Truman's signing of the Economic Cooperation Act (the Marshall Plan), on April 3, 1948, which provided non-military, economic reconstruction and development aid to Europe."@en . . . "John Kee"@en . "An Act to promote the foreign policy and provide for the defense and general welfare of the United States by furnishing military assistance to foreign nations."@en . . . "81"^^ . . . . . . . "\u300A\u5171\u540C\u9632\u5FA1\u63F4\u52A9\u6CD5\u300B\uFF0C\u5373\u300A\u519B\u63F4\u6CD5\u300B\uFF0C\u6C11\u56FD\u653F\u5E9C\u79F0\u4E4B\u4E3A\u201C\u8054\u9632\u4E92\u52A9\u6CD5\u6848\u201D\uFF0C\u662F\u51B7\u6218\u65F6\u671F\u7F8E\u56FD\u7B2C\u4E00\u90E8\u63F4\u5916\u6CD5\u6848\u3002\u53D71949\u5E749\u6708\u82CF\u8054\u7206\u70B8\u9996\u9897\u539F\u5B50\u5F39\uFF0C1949\u5E7410\u67081\u65E5\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u6210\u7ACB\u5BFC\u81F4\u4E16\u754C\u57FA\u672C\u529B\u91CF\u5BF9\u6BD4\u53D8\u5316\u5F71\u54CD\uFF0C1949\u5E7410\u67086\u65E5\u7F8E\u56FD\u603B\u7EDF\u675C\u9C81\u95E8\u7B7E\u7F72\u751F\u6548\u300A\u5171\u540C\u9632\u5FA1\u63F4\u52A9\u6CD5\u300B\uFF1A\u4E3A\u671F\u4E00\u5E74\u62E8\u6B3E13.1401\u4EBF\u7F8E\u5143\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D10\u4EBF\u63F4\u52A9\u5317\u7EA6\u56FD\u5BB6\uFF0C2.1137\u4EBF\u7F8E\u5143\u63F4\u52A9\u5BF9\u6297\u5171\u4EA7\u4E3B\u4E49\u524D\u7EBF\u7684\u5E0C\u814A\u548C\u571F\u8033\u5176\uFF08\u5F53\u65F6\u4E24\u56FD\u8FD8\u4E0D\u662F\u5317\u7EA6\u6210\u5458\uFF09\uFF0C2764\u4E07\u7F8E\u5143\u63F4\u52A9\u4F0A\u6717\u3001\u5357\u97E9\u3001\u83F2\u5F8B\u5BBE\uFF0C7500\u4E07\u7F8E\u5143\u63F4\u52A9\u64A4\u53F0\u7684\u6C11\u56FD\u5F53\u5C40\u3002\u8BE5\u6CD5\u6848\u4F5C\u4E3A1948\u5E744\u67083\u65E5\u5411\u897F\u6B27\u63D0\u4F9B\u7ECF\u6D4E\u4E0E\u793E\u4F1A\u53D1\u5C55\u63F4\u52A9\u7684\u9A6C\u6B47\u5C14\u8BA1\u5212\u7684\u91CD\u8981\u8865\u5145\uFF0C\u628A\u7F8E\u56FD\u7684\u5916\u4EA4\u4E0E\u519B\u4E8B\u8FDB\u4E00\u6B65\u7D27\u5BC6\u7ED3\u5408\u8D77\u6765\uFF0C\u4ECE\u800C\u4F7F\u5317\u7EA6\u6210\u5458\u56FD\u201C\u518D\u519B\u5907\u201D\u80FD\u591F\u53D1\u6325\u5B9E\u9645\u4F5C\u7528\u3002\u300A\u5171\u540C\u9632\u5FA1\u63F4\u52A9\u6CD5\u300B\u7684\u6267\u884C\uFF0C\u7531\u603B\u7EDF\u6388\u6743\u56FD\u52A1\u9662\u8D1F\u8D23\uFF0C\u56FD\u52A1\u9662\u7684\u5171\u540C\u9632\u5FA1\u63F4\u52A9\u4E3B\u4EFB\u529E\u516C\u5BA4\u3001\u56FD\u9632\u90E8\u4EE3\u8868\u3001\u4EE3\u8868\u7EC4\u6210\u5BF9\u5916\u519B\u4E8B\u63F4\u52A9\u90E8\u9645\u534F\u8C03\u59D4\u5458\u4F1A\u6267\u884C\u65E5\u5E38\u4E8B\u52A1\u3002 \u671D\u9C9C\u6218\u4E89\u7206\u53D1\u540E\uFF0C\u675C\u9C81\u95E8\u63D0\u51FA\u201C\u5FC5\u987B\u5E2E\u52A9\u5728\u5171\u540C\u9632\u5FA1\u4E2D\u4E0E\u6211\u4EEC\u6709\u8054\u7CFB\u7684\u589E\u5F3A\u519B\u4E8B\u529B\u91CF\u201D\uFF0C\u201C\u538B\u5012\u4E00\u5207\u7684\u76EE\u7684\u662F\u6B66\u88C5\u6B27\u6D32\u201D\u30021950\u5E747\u670826\u65E5\u7F8E\u56FD\u56FD\u4F1A\u901A\u8FC7\u4E861951\u8D22\u653F\u5E74\u5EA6\u300A\u5171\u540C\u9632\u5FA1\u63F4\u52A9\u6CD5\u300B\u5BF9\u5916\u519B\u63F4\u62E8\u6B3E12.25\u4EBF\u7F8E\u5143\u30021950\u5E748\u67081\u65E5\uFF0C\u675C\u9C81\u95E8\u63D0\u51FA\u589E\u52A040\u4EBF\u7F8E\u5143\u5BF9\u5916\u519B\u63F4\uFF0C\u56FD\u4F1A\u4E8E9\u670827\u65E5\u4E88\u4EE5\u6279\u51C6\u3002\u5317\u7EA6\u56FD\u5BB6\u5206\u5F9734\u4EBF\u7F8E\u5143\uFF0C\u5E0C\u814A\u3001\u571F\u8033\u5176\u3001\u4F0A\u6717\u5206\u5F971.93\u4EBF\u7F8E\u5143\uFF0C\u5357\u97E9\u3001\u83F2\u5F8B\u5BBE\u3001\u6C11\u56FD\u5206\u5F973.03\u4EBF\u7F8E\u5143\u3002 1951\u5E74\u7F8E\u56FD\u56FD\u4F1A\u901A\u8FC7\u300A\u5171\u540C\u5B89\u5168\u6CD5\u300B\uFF0C\u628A\u9A6C\u6B47\u5C14\u8BA1\u5212\u4E0E\u300A\u5171\u540C\u9632\u5FA1\u63F4\u52A9\u6CD5\u300B\u878D\u5408\u4E3A\u4E00\u4F53\u3002 \u5728\u300A\u5171\u540C\u9632\u5FA1\u63F4\u52A9\u6CD5\u300B\u4E0B\uFF0C\u4ECE1950\u5E74\u81F31967\u5E74\u901A\u8FC7\u5171\u540C\u63F4\u52A9\u7A0B\u5E8F\uFF08Mutual Assistance Program\uFF09\u5411\u4F19\u4F34\u56FD\u63D0\u4F9B\u4E86334\u4EBF\u7F8E\u5143\u7684\u6B66\u5668\u4E0E33\u4EBF\u7F8E\u5143\u7684\u519B\u7528\u5269\u4F59\u7269\u8D44\u3002 \n* 1950\u5E74\u81F31954\u5E74\u5411\u6B63\u5728\u4E0E\u8D8A\u76DF\u4F5C\u6218\u7684\u6CD5\u56FD\u6B96\u6C11\u519B\u63D0\u4F9B\u4E86\u6D77\u91CF\u7684\u8D22\u653F\u63F4\u52A9\u4E0E\u9646\u6D77\u7A7A\u519B\u519B\u4E8B\u7269\u8D44\u63F4\u52A9\uFF0C\u4E2D\u592E\u60C5\u62A5\u5C40\u63D0\u4F9B\u5927\u91CF\u7684\u60C5\u62A5\u652F\u63F4\uFF0C\u751A\u81F3\u901A\u8FC7\u6C11\u822A\u7A7A\u904B\u516C\u53F8\u6D3E\u51FA24\u540D\u4E2D\u60C5\u5C40\u98DE\u884C\u4EBA\u5458\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D2\u4EBA\u5728\u5960\u8FB9\u5E9C\u6218\u5F79\u6218\u6B7B\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . "Het Mutual Defense Aid Program ook aangeduid met Mutual Defense Assistance Programme (afgekort tot MDAP) werd na de Tweede Wereldoorlog in het leven geroepen door de Verenigde Staten om de Europese landen te assisteren bij het opbouwen van hun strijdmachten. Het doel van het programma was ervoor te zorgen dat West-Europa buiten de invloedssfeer van de Sovjet-Unie bleef. Tussen 1948 en 1954 is ca. 30 miljard dollar hieraan uitgegeven door de Verenigde Staten. Hieronder was begrepen: 1. \n* Het leveren van goederen (voor een deel uit overbodig geworden voorraad). 2. \n* Het financieren van projecten. 3. \n* Het opleiden van personeel. De hulp is tot in de jaren zestig voortgezet en langzaam afgebouwd. Heden ten dage kent de VS nog steeds diverse programma's (FMA - ) om andere landen van wapens te voorzien. Isra\u00EBl is de grootste ontvanger van die programma's. Een ander programma is het (FMS) programma"@nl . . . . . "House"@en . . . . . . . . . . "55"^^ . . "Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949"@en . . . "81.0"^^ . . . "Il Mutual Defense Assistance Program \u00E8 stato un programma di aiuti militari degli Stati Uniti per sostenere i propri alleati nella lotta contro il mondo comunista durante la guerra fredda. Il programma ebbe inizio nel 1949 contemporaneamente al piano Marshall e prevedeva la fornitura di materiale militare a condizioni molto vantaggiose; \u00E8 durato fino agli anni settanta."@it . . . . . "Mutual Defense Assistance Act"@fr . . "22"^^ . . . . . "The Mutual Defense Assistance Act was a United States Act of Congress signed by President Harry S. Truman on 6 October 1949. For US Foreign policy, it was the first U.S. military foreign aid legislation of the Cold War era, and initially to Europe. The Act followed Truman's signing of the Economic Cooperation Act (the Marshall Plan), on April 3, 1948, which provided non-military, economic reconstruction and development aid to Europe. The 1949 Act was amended and reauthorized on July 26, 1950. In 1951, the Economic Cooperation Act and Mutual Defense Assistance Act were succeeded by the Mutual Security Act, and its newly created independent agency, the Mutual Security Administration, to supervise all foreign aid programs, including both military assistance programs and non-military, economic assistance programs that bolstered the defense capability of U.S. allies. About the same time, the , also known or referred to as the Battle Act, (65 Stat. 644; 22 U.S.C. 1611 et seq.) was also passed; it banned U.S. assistance to countries doing business with the Soviet Union and was so-named after its sponsor, Representative Laurie C. Battle of Alabama. Strong motivation for this 'control' act also came from export control concerns, following their tightening by the over Soviet advances; export controls were used for both domestic policy and later as an instrument of foreign policy. This is exemplified by the restrictions on export of certain strategic or military items to the Soviet bloc or to other countries which it felt, if permitted, would be detrimental to the foreign policy program of the US. This latter motive became so strong that it brought legislation directing the President to enlist the cooperation of other nations in enacting controls on trade with the Soviet block to parallel those of the United States. The benefits of the various economic and military aid programs were to be withheld from non-cooperating nations. The act covered a wide range of materials needed for the production of weapons, and was especially focused on anything that could aid atomic weapons research and construction. As the Cold War developed, these acts were part of the American policy of containment of Communism. They importantly provided defense assistance to any ally that might be attacked by the Soviet Union or one of its allies, while other programs provided non-military economic assistance. In Asia the programs expanded with the newly established Maoist People's Republic of China, and other areas, with the development of specific country missions, including ones in Austria (1947\u201350), China (1946\u201348), Ireland (1948\u201351), and Trieste (1947\u201352)."@en . "House"@en . . "Harry S. Truman"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Le Mutual Defense Assistance Act \u2014 aussi connu sous le vocable de Battle Act \u2014 est un Act of Congress, loi f\u00E9d\u00E9rale am\u00E9ricaine sign\u00E9 par le pr\u00E9sident des \u00C9tats-Unis Harry S. Truman le 6 octobre 1949. Il s'agissait du premier document l\u00E9gal de la politique globale de s\u00E9curit\u00E9 am\u00E9ricaine de l'\u00E9poque de la guerre froide. L'acte s'inscrit dans le cadre de la strat\u00E9gie de \u00AB containment \u00BB du communisme, d\u00E9velopp\u00E9e dans la doctrine Truman, et a pour but d'assurer l'assistance militaire des \u00C9tats-Unis \u00E0 tout alli\u00E9 qui aurait \u00E9t\u00E9 sous le menace d'un invasion par l'Union sovi\u00E9tique ou l'un de ses alli\u00E9s ou, pour l'Asie, de la toute jeune R\u00E9publique populaire de Chine. Il privait \u00E9galement d'aide et d'assistance \u00E9conomique toute nation qui aurait fait commerce de mati\u00E8res ou de mat\u00E9riaux strat\u00E9giques avec l'URSS ou ses alli\u00E9s, ses dispositions couvrant un large vari\u00E9t\u00E9 de mati\u00E8res premi\u00E8res essentielles \u00E0 la fabrication d'armement et tout particuli\u00E8rement celles n\u00E9cessaires \u00E0 la recherche et \u00E0 la fabrication dans le domaine de l'armement nucl\u00E9aire. L'acte permit \u00E9galement la relance des programmes de d\u00E9fense am\u00E9ricains dans les domaines de la recherche et du d\u00E9veloppement de nouveaux mat\u00E9riels militaires, le d\u00E9veloppement du complexe militaro-industriel des \u00C9tats-Unis - \u00AB arsenal du Monde libre \u00BB - ayant re\u00E7u un s\u00E9rieux coup d'arr\u00EAt apr\u00E8s la victoire alli\u00E9e de 1945 sur l'Allemagne nazie, entra\u00EEnant l'usure des mat\u00E9riels v\u00E9tustes, v\u00E9t\u00E9rans de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, maintenus en service et arriv\u00E9s \u00E0 la limite de leurs performances techniques et de leur dur\u00E9e de vie ainsi que les pi\u00E8tres performances de ceux mis en service dans l'imm\u00E9diat apr\u00E8s-guerre dans le cadre de budgets de la d\u00E9fense fortement r\u00E9duits - comme allait le d\u00E9montrer la Guerre de Cor\u00E9e. \u00C0 bien des \u00E9gards, le \u00AB Mutual Defense Assistance Act \u00BB - inspir\u00E9 par la Doctrine Truman - prenait ainsi le contre-pied de la Doctrine Monroe isolationniste qui avait largement inspir\u00E9 la politique \u00E9trang\u00E8re am\u00E9ricaine jusqu'\u00E0 la veille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en permettant notamment la constitution d'un glacis d\u00E9fensif \u00E0 l'\u00E9chelle plan\u00E9taire."@fr . . "Il Mutual Defense Assistance Program \u00E8 stato un programma di aiuti militari degli Stati Uniti per sostenere i propri alleati nella lotta contro il mondo comunista durante la guerra fredda. Il programma ebbe inizio nel 1949 contemporaneamente al piano Marshall e prevedeva la fornitura di materiale militare a condizioni molto vantaggiose; \u00E8 durato fino agli anni settanta. Nell'ambito di tale programma l'Italia ha ricevuto alcuni caccia, alcuni sommergibili Classe Gato e Classe Balao, alcuni cacciatorpediniere Classe Fletcher, alcune navi da sbarco; facevano parte di questo programma anche le unit\u00E0 della classe Artigliere e della Classe Aldebaran."@it . "Le Mutual Defense Assistance Act \u2014 aussi connu sous le vocable de Battle Act \u2014 est un Act of Congress, loi f\u00E9d\u00E9rale am\u00E9ricaine sign\u00E9 par le pr\u00E9sident des \u00C9tats-Unis Harry S. Truman le 6 octobre 1949. Il s'agissait du premier document l\u00E9gal de la politique globale de s\u00E9curit\u00E9 am\u00E9ricaine de l'\u00E9poque de la guerre froide."@fr . "Senate"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1949-09-22"^^ . . "1113212961"^^ . . . . . "1949-09-26"^^ . "Mutual Defense Assistance Program"@it . . . . . . "Mutual Defense Aid Program"@nl . . "224"^^ . . "238"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Mutual Defense Assistance Act"@en . "511917"^^ . .