. "Dasawarsa Nanjing"@in . . . . . "L'expression \u00AB d\u00E9cennie de Nankin \u00BB d\u00E9signe une p\u00E9riode de l'histoire de la r\u00E9publique de Chine durant laquelle le Kuomintang affermit son contr\u00F4le sur la \u00AB Premi\u00E8re R\u00E9publique \u00BB et doit affronter les d\u00E9buts de la guerre civile contre les communistes. La \u00AB d\u00E9cennie \u00BB commence en avril 1927, quand Nankin est d\u00E9cr\u00E9t\u00E9e capitale par le Kuomintang. Elle se termine avec la seconde guerre sino-japonaise, quand le gouvernement chinois est temporairement transf\u00E9r\u00E9 \u00E0 Chongqing. La prise de Nankin par les Japonais en d\u00E9cembre 1937 et le massacre de sa population en marque la fin symbolique."@fr . . . . . . . "La d\u00E9cada de Nank\u00EDn (en chino tradicional, \u5357\u4EAC\u5341\u5E74 N\u00E1nj\u012Bng sh\u00ED ni\u00E1n) es el nombre que recibe el periodo de gobierno del Kuomintang en China entre 1927 y 1937. Fue una \u00E9poca de reformas y de modernizaci\u00F3n del Estado, pero tambi\u00E9n de desilusi\u00F3n con el Gobierno, minado por la corrupci\u00F3n, las disensiones entre sus grupos, incapaz de acabar con el atraso rural y de implantar modernos servicios de salud y educaci\u00F3n en el pa\u00EDs.\u200B El Gobierno, d\u00E9bil, no pudo dominar completamente la gran naci\u00F3n de varios cientos de millones de habitantes.\u200B"@es . . "L'expression \u00AB d\u00E9cennie de Nankin \u00BB d\u00E9signe une p\u00E9riode de l'histoire de la r\u00E9publique de Chine durant laquelle le Kuomintang affermit son contr\u00F4le sur la \u00AB Premi\u00E8re R\u00E9publique \u00BB et doit affronter les d\u00E9buts de la guerre civile contre les communistes. La \u00AB d\u00E9cennie \u00BB commence en avril 1927, quand Nankin est d\u00E9cr\u00E9t\u00E9e capitale par le Kuomintang. Elle se termine avec la seconde guerre sino-japonaise, quand le gouvernement chinois est temporairement transf\u00E9r\u00E9 \u00E0 Chongqing. La prise de Nankin par les Japonais en d\u00E9cembre 1937 et le massacre de sa population en marque la fin symbolique."@fr . . . . . "Dasawarsa Nanjing (disebut juga Dasawarsa Nanking, Hanzi: \u5357\u4EAC\u5341\u5E74; Pinyin: N\u00E1nj\u012Bng sh\u00ED ni\u00E1n atau Dasawarsa Keemasan, Hanzi: \u9EC3\u91D1\u5341\u5E74; Pinyin: Hu\u00E1ngj\u012Bn sh\u00ED ni\u00E1n) adalah nama informal untuk dasawarsa dari tahun 1927 (atau 1928) sampai 1937 dalam sejarah Republik Tiongkok. Dasawarsa ini dimulai ketika Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek dari kelompok Nasionalis merebut Nanjing dari panglima perang dari kelompok Zhili (Hanzi: \u76F4(\u96B8)\u7CFB\u8ECD\u95A5; Pinyin: Zh\u00ED (L\u00EC) X\u00EC J\u016Bn F\u00E1), dalam setengah perjalanan Ekspedisi Utara pada tahun 1927. Chiang medeklarasikan Nanjing sebagai ibu kota negara meskipun sayap kiri pemerintahan Nasionalis berada di Wuhan. Faksi Wuhan menyerah dan Ekspedisi Utara terus berlanjut sampai pemerintahan Beiyang di Beijing dikalahkan pada tahun 1928, dan Marsekal Muda Zhang Xueliang mengganti bendera tentaranya menjadi bendera Republik Tiongkok. Dasawarsa ini berakhir dengan terjadinya invasi Jepang yakni pecahnya Perang Tiongkok-Jepang Kedua pada tahun 1937 dan mundurnya pemerintahan nasional dari Nanjing. Nanjing memiliki arti penting simbolis dan strategis. Dinasti Ming telah menjadikan Nanjing sebagai ibu kota, republik telah didirikan di sana pada tahun 1912, dan pemerintahan sementara Sun Yat-sen pernah berada di sana. Jenazah Sun dibawa dan ditempatkan di mausoleum agung untuk memperkuat legitimasi Chiang. Chiang lahir di provinsi tetangga dan wilayah keseluruhannya memiliki dukungan rakyat yang kuat baginya. Dasawarsa Nanjing ditandai dengan kemajuan dan frustrasi. Periode itu jauh lebih stabil daripada era panglima perang sebelumnya. Terdapat stabilitas yang cukup untuk memungkinkan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan dimulainya proyek-proyek pemerintah yang ambisius, beberapa di antaranya diambil lagi oleh pemerintah baru Republik Rakyat Tiongkok setelah tahun 1949. Pejabat layanan luar negeri Nasionalis bernegosiasi untuk pengakuan diplomatik dari pemerintahan barat dan mulai mengurai perjanjian yang tidak seimbang. Pengusaha, pendidik, pengacara, dokter, dan profesional lainnya lebih bebas untuk mendirikan institusi-institusi modern daripada masa-masa sebelumnya. Namun ada juga penindasan pemerintah terhadap perbedaan pendapat, korupsi dan nepotisme, pemberontakan di beberapa provinsi, konflik dalam pemerintah, kelangsungan hidup dan perkembangan Partai Komunis Tiongkok, dan protes luas terhadap kegagalan pemerintah untuk menghentikan agresi Jepang."@in . "20624"^^ . "7598343"^^ . . . . . . . "Dasawarsa Nanjing (disebut juga Dasawarsa Nanking, Hanzi: \u5357\u4EAC\u5341\u5E74; Pinyin: N\u00E1nj\u012Bng sh\u00ED ni\u00E1n atau Dasawarsa Keemasan, Hanzi: \u9EC3\u91D1\u5341\u5E74; Pinyin: Hu\u00E1ngj\u012Bn sh\u00ED ni\u00E1n) adalah nama informal untuk dasawarsa dari tahun 1927 (atau 1928) sampai 1937 dalam sejarah Republik Tiongkok. Dasawarsa ini dimulai ketika Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek dari kelompok Nasionalis merebut Nanjing dari panglima perang dari kelompok Zhili (Hanzi: \u76F4(\u96B8)\u7CFB\u8ECD\u95A5; Pinyin: Zh\u00ED (L\u00EC) X\u00EC J\u016Bn F\u00E1), dalam setengah perjalanan Ekspedisi Utara pada tahun 1927. Chiang medeklarasikan Nanjing sebagai ibu kota negara meskipun sayap kiri pemerintahan Nasionalis berada di Wuhan. Faksi Wuhan menyerah dan Ekspedisi Utara terus berlanjut sampai pemerintahan Beiyang di Beijing dikalahkan pada tahun 1928, dan Marsekal Muda Zhang Xueliang mengganti bendera"@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "D\u00E9cennie de Nankin"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . "Decennio di Nanchino (\u5357\u4EAC\u5341\u5E74S N\u00E1nj\u012Bng sh\u00ED ni\u00E1n, o Decade d'oro, \u9EC3\u91D1\u5341\u5E74S Hu\u00E1ngj\u012Bn sh\u00ED ni\u00E1n) \u00E8 un nome informale per indicare il decennio dal 1927 (o 1928) al 1937 nella Repubblica di Cina. Cominci\u00F2 quando il Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek prese Nanchino, spodestando la cricca di Zhili con a capo il signore della guerra Sun Chuanfang, a met\u00E0 della Spedizione del Nord nel 1927. Chiang dichiar\u00F2 Nanchino capitale nazionale nonostante l'ala sinistra del governo nazionalista indicasse Wuhan. La fazione di Wuhan cedette e la Spedizione del Nord continu\u00F2 finch\u00E9 venne rovesciato il governo Beiyang a Pechino, nel 1928. Il decennio termin\u00F2 con lo scoppio della seconda guerra sino-giapponese, nel 1937, e il ritiro del governo nazionalista a Wuhan. La crescita del PIL fu, in media, del 3,9 per cento all'anno"@it . . . . . . "O termo D\u00E9cada de Nanquim designa um per\u00EDodo na Hist\u00F3ria da Rep\u00FAblica da China durante o qual o Kuomintang refor\u00E7a seu controle sobre a \"Primeira Rep\u00FAblica\" e teve de enfrentar o in\u00EDcio da guerra civil contra os comunistas. A \"d\u00E9cada\" come\u00E7ou em abril de 1927, quando Nanquim foi declarada a capital do Kuomintang. Come\u00E7ou quando o General\u00EDssimo Nacionalista Chiang Kai-shek tomou a cidade da do senhor da guerra atrav\u00E9s da Expedi\u00E7\u00E3o do Norte em 1927. Tendo declarado ser a capital do pa\u00EDs, apesar de outros os nacionalistas j\u00E1 terem feito a Wuhan como capital. A fac\u00E7\u00E3o cedeu Wuhan e a expedi\u00E7\u00E3o continuou at\u00E9 que o rival Governo de Beiyang em Pequim foi derrotado em 1928."@pt . . . "1121902435"^^ . . . . "Nanjing-Dekade"@de . . "\u041D\u0430\u043D\u043A\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044F\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0435 (\u043A\u0438\u0442. \u0443\u043F\u0440. \u5357\u4EAC\u5341\u5E74, \u043F\u0438\u043D\u044C\u0438\u043D\u044C N\u00E1nj\u012Bng sh\u00ED ni\u00E1n) \u2014 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 . \u0415\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u043E\u043C \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044B \u0432 1927\u20141928 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043E\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043B\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0413\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043D\u044C\u0434\u0430\u043D \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0434 \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u0427\u0430\u043D \u041A\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0411\u044D\u0439\u044F\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0430 \u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0447\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u043E \u044F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u043E-\u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B \u0432 1937 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443."@ru . . . "\u041D\u0430\u043D\u043A\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044F\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0435 (\u043A\u0438\u0442. \u0443\u043F\u0440. \u5357\u4EAC\u5341\u5E74, \u043F\u0438\u043D\u044C\u0438\u043D\u044C N\u00E1nj\u012Bng sh\u00ED ni\u00E1n) \u2014 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 . \u0415\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u043E\u043C \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044B \u0432 1927\u20141928 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043E\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043B\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0413\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043D\u044C\u0434\u0430\u043D \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0434 \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u0427\u0430\u043D \u041A\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0411\u044D\u0439\u044F\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0430 \u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0447\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u043E \u044F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u043E-\u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B \u0432 1937 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443."@ru . "\u041D\u0430\u043D\u043A\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044F\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0435"@ru . . . . . "D\u00E9cada de Nank\u00EDn"@es . . . . . "Decennio di Nanchino"@it . . . . . . . . . . "no"@en . . . . . "The Nanjing decade (also Nanking decade, Chinese: \u5357\u4EAC\u5341\u5E74; pinyin: N\u00E1nj\u012Bng sh\u00ED ni\u00E1n, or the Golden decade, Chinese: \u9EC3\u91D1\u5341\u5E74; pinyin: Hu\u00E1ngj\u012Bn sh\u00ED ni\u00E1n) is an informal name for the decade from 1927 (or 1928) to 1937 in the Republic of China. It began when NationalistGeneralissimo Chiang Kai-shek took Nanjing from Zhili clique warlord Sun Chuanfang halfway through the Northern Expedition in 1927. Chiang declared it to be the national capital despite the existence of a left-wing Nationalist government in Wuhan. The Wuhan faction gave in and the Northern Expedition continued until the Beiyang government in Beijing was overthrown in 1928. The decade ended with the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and the retreat of the Nationalist government to Wuhan. GDP growth averaged 3.9 per cent "@en . . . "Als Nanjing-Dekade \u5357\u4EAC\u5341\u5E74(Pinyin: nanjing shinian) wird der Zeitraum von 1927 bis 1937 bezeichnet, in dem Nanjing \u5357\u4EAC w\u00E4hrend des chinesischen B\u00FCrgerkriegs unter Chiang Kai-Shek Hauptstadt der Guomindang \u56FD\u6C11\u515A war. Nach dem Ausbruch des 2. Sino-Japanischen Kriegs 1937 verlegte die Guomindang ihre Hauptstadt nach Chongqing. Nachdem die Japaner Nanjing eingenommen hatten, kam es zum Nanjing-Massaker."@de . . . . "\u5357\u4EAC\u5341\u5E74"@en . . . "Als Nanjing-Dekade \u5357\u4EAC\u5341\u5E74(Pinyin: nanjing shinian) wird der Zeitraum von 1927 bis 1937 bezeichnet, in dem Nanjing \u5357\u4EAC w\u00E4hrend des chinesischen B\u00FCrgerkriegs unter Chiang Kai-Shek Hauptstadt der Guomindang \u56FD\u6C11\u515A war. Nach dem Ausbruch des 2. Sino-Japanischen Kriegs 1937 verlegte die Guomindang ihre Hauptstadt nach Chongqing. Nachdem die Japaner Nanjing eingenommen hatten, kam es zum Nanjing-Massaker."@de . . . "La d\u00E9cada de Nank\u00EDn (en chino tradicional, \u5357\u4EAC\u5341\u5E74 N\u00E1nj\u012Bng sh\u00ED ni\u00E1n) es el nombre que recibe el periodo de gobierno del Kuomintang en China entre 1927 y 1937. Fue una \u00E9poca de reformas y de modernizaci\u00F3n del Estado, pero tambi\u00E9n de desilusi\u00F3n con el Gobierno, minado por la corrupci\u00F3n, las disensiones entre sus grupos, incapaz de acabar con el atraso rural y de implantar modernos servicios de salud y educaci\u00F3n en el pa\u00EDs.\u200B El Gobierno, d\u00E9bil, no pudo dominar completamente la gran naci\u00F3n de varios cientos de millones de habitantes.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . "\u5357\u4EAC\u5341\u5E74\uFF0C\u53C8\u7A31\u5341\u5E74\u5EFA\u8A2D\u3001\u5341\u5E74\u5EFA\u570B\uFF0C\u662F\u6307\u4E2D\u83EF\u6C11\u570B\u570B\u6C11\u653F\u5E9C\u5F9E1927\u5E744\u670818\u65E5\u5B9A\u90FD\u5357\u4EAC\uFF0C\u52301937\u5E7411\u670820\u65E5\u9077\u90FD\u91CD\u6176\u671F\u95F4\u7684\u4E2D\u570B1930\u5E74\u4EE3\u30021928\u5E74\u570B\u6C11\u9769\u547D\u8ECD\u5317\u4F10\u7D50\u675F\u5F8C\uFF0C\u4E2D\u570B\u570B\u6C11\u9EE8\u9818\u5C0E\u570B\u6C11\u653F\u5E9C\u7D71\u4E00\u4E2D\u570B\u3002\u56FD\u6C11\u515A\u5B66\u8005\u859B\u5149\u524D\u79F0\uFF0C\u8FD9\u662F\u4E2D\u83EF\u6C11\u570B\u5927\u9678\u6642\u671F\u4E00\u6BB5\u7F55\u6709\u7684\u77ED\u66AB\u76DB\u4E16\uFF0C\u5404\u65B9\u9762\u5EFA\u8A2D\u767C\u5C55\u88AB\u8B7D\u70BA\u300C\u9EC3\u91D1\u5341\u5E74\u300D\u3002\u4ECE1929\u5E74\u52301941\u5E74\u671F\u95F4GDP\u5E74\u5E73\u5747\u589E\u957F\u7387\u4E3A3.9%\uFF0C\u4EBA\u5747GDP\u5E74\u589E\u957F\u7387\u4E3A1.8%\u3002"@zh . . . "\u5357\u4EAC\u5341\u5E74"@zh . . . . . . . . "\u9EC3\u91D1\u5341\u5E74"@en . . . . "D\u00E9cada de Nanquim"@pt . . . . . . . . . "N\u00E1nj\u012Bng sh\u00ED ni\u00E1n"@en . . . . . . . . "Decennio di Nanchino (\u5357\u4EAC\u5341\u5E74S N\u00E1nj\u012Bng sh\u00ED ni\u00E1n, o Decade d'oro, \u9EC3\u91D1\u5341\u5E74S Hu\u00E1ngj\u012Bn sh\u00ED ni\u00E1n) \u00E8 un nome informale per indicare il decennio dal 1927 (o 1928) al 1937 nella Repubblica di Cina. Cominci\u00F2 quando il Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek prese Nanchino, spodestando la cricca di Zhili con a capo il signore della guerra Sun Chuanfang, a met\u00E0 della Spedizione del Nord nel 1927. Chiang dichiar\u00F2 Nanchino capitale nazionale nonostante l'ala sinistra del governo nazionalista indicasse Wuhan. La fazione di Wuhan cedette e la Spedizione del Nord continu\u00F2 finch\u00E9 venne rovesciato il governo Beiyang a Pechino, nel 1928. Il decennio termin\u00F2 con lo scoppio della seconda guerra sino-giapponese, nel 1937, e il ritiro del governo nazionalista a Wuhan. La crescita del PIL fu, in media, del 3,9 per cento all'anno dal 1929 al 1941 e il PIL pro capite dell'1,8 per cento circa. Nanchino ebbe importanza simbolica e strategica. La dinastia Ming aveva reso Nanchino capitale, la repubblica era stata fondata l\u00EC nel 1912, e il governo provvisorio di Sun Yat-sen aveva avuto sede a Nanchino. La salma di Sun era stata portata e collocata in un grande mausoleo per consolidare la legittimit\u00E0 di Chiang che era nato nella provincia vicina e l'area esprimeva un forte sostegno popolare nei suoi confronti. Il decennio di Nanchino fu segnato sia dal progresso che dalla frustrazione. Il periodo fu molto pi\u00F9 stabile del precedente periodo dei signori della guerra. Ci fu abbastanza stabilit\u00E0 da consentire la crescita economica e l'avvio di ambiziosi progetti governativi, alcuni dei quali vennero poi ripresi dal nuovo governo della Repubblica popolare dopo il 1949. I diplomatici del governo nazionalista negoziarono il riconoscimento da parte dei governi occidentali e cominciarono ad emergere trattati ineguali. Imprenditori, educatori, avvocati, medici e altri professionisti furono pi\u00F9 liberi di creare istituzioni moderne, pi\u00F9 che in qualsiasi altro periodo precedente. Nello stesso tempo era in vigore la soppressione del dissenso da parte del governo, la corruzione e il nepotismo, la rivolta di numerose province, il conflitto all'interno del governo, la sopravvivenza e la crescita del Partito comunista cinese e una diffusa protesta contro l'incapacit\u00E0 del governo di fermare l'aggressione giapponese. Ci fu anche l'eliminazione del dissenso, della corruzione e del nepotismo, la rivolta di diverse province, il conflitto all'interno del governo, la sopravvivenza e la crescita del Partito Comunista Cinese, e la diffusa protesta contro l'incapacit\u00E0 del governo di fermare l'aggressione giapponese.aggressione giapponese."@it . . . . . "O termo D\u00E9cada de Nanquim designa um per\u00EDodo na Hist\u00F3ria da Rep\u00FAblica da China durante o qual o Kuomintang refor\u00E7a seu controle sobre a \"Primeira Rep\u00FAblica\" e teve de enfrentar o in\u00EDcio da guerra civil contra os comunistas. A \"d\u00E9cada\" come\u00E7ou em abril de 1927, quando Nanquim foi declarada a capital do Kuomintang. Come\u00E7ou quando o General\u00EDssimo Nacionalista Chiang Kai-shek tomou a cidade da do senhor da guerra atrav\u00E9s da Expedi\u00E7\u00E3o do Norte em 1927. Tendo declarado ser a capital do pa\u00EDs, apesar de outros os nacionalistas j\u00E1 terem feito a Wuhan como capital. A fac\u00E7\u00E3o cedeu Wuhan e a expedi\u00E7\u00E3o continuou at\u00E9 que o rival Governo de Beiyang em Pequim foi derrotado em 1928. O local era de import\u00E2ncia simb\u00F3lica e estrat\u00E9gica. Foi ali que a rep\u00FAblica foi estabelecida e onde o governo provis\u00F3rio sob Sun Yat-sen se instalou. O corpo de Sun foi trazido e colocado em um grande mausol\u00E9u para cimentar o nascente culto da personalidade de Chiang. Chiang nasceu na prov\u00EDncia vizinha e o general teve forte apoio popular na \u00E1rea. Termina com a Segunda Guerra Sino-Japonesa, quando o governo chin\u00EAs foi temporariamente transferido para Chongqing, a em dezembro de 1937 e o massacre de sua popula\u00E7\u00E3o, marca o fim simb\u00F3lico. Embora a d\u00E9cada de Nanjing foi muito mais est\u00E1vel do que a anterior, a Era dos senhores da guerra, ainda era cercada por viol\u00EAncia."@pt . . . . . . . . "Nanjing decade"@en . . . "Hu\u00E1ngj\u012Bn sh\u00ED ni\u00E1n"@en . . . . . . . "The Nanjing decade (also Nanking decade, Chinese: \u5357\u4EAC\u5341\u5E74; pinyin: N\u00E1nj\u012Bng sh\u00ED ni\u00E1n, or the Golden decade, Chinese: \u9EC3\u91D1\u5341\u5E74; pinyin: Hu\u00E1ngj\u012Bn sh\u00ED ni\u00E1n) is an informal name for the decade from 1927 (or 1928) to 1937 in the Republic of China. It began when NationalistGeneralissimo Chiang Kai-shek took Nanjing from Zhili clique warlord Sun Chuanfang halfway through the Northern Expedition in 1927. Chiang declared it to be the national capital despite the existence of a left-wing Nationalist government in Wuhan. The Wuhan faction gave in and the Northern Expedition continued until the Beiyang government in Beijing was overthrown in 1928. The decade ended with the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and the retreat of the Nationalist government to Wuhan. GDP growth averaged 3.9 per cent a year from 1929 to 1941 and per capita GDP about 1.8 per cent. Historians view the decade as a period of Chinese conservatism. Nanking was of symbolic and strategic importance. The Ming dynasty had made Nanjing a capital, the republic had been established there in 1912, and Sun Yat-sen's provisional government had been there. Sun's body was brought and placed in a grand mausoleum to cement Chiang's legitimacy. Chiang was born in nearby Chekiang and the general area had strong popular support for him. The Nanjing decade was marked by both progress and frustration. The period was far more stable than the preceding Warlord Era. There was enough stability to allow economic growth and the start of ambitious government projects, some of which were taken up again by the new government of the People's Republic after 1949. Nationalist foreign service officers negotiated diplomatic recognition from Western governments and began to unravel the unequal treaties. Entrepreneurs, educators, lawyers, doctors, and other professionals were more free to create modern institutions than at any earlier time. However, the Nationalist government also suppressed dissent, corruption and nepotism were rampant and revolts broke out in several provinces; internal conflicts also perpetuated within the government. The Nationalists were never able to fully pacify the Chinese Communist Party, and struggled to address the widespread unrest and protests over their failure to check Japanese aggression."@en . 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