"Nanofluidics"@en . . . . . . . . . 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"Nanofluidics is the study of the behavior, manipulation, and control of fluids that are confined to structures of nanometer (typically 1\u2013100 nm) characteristic dimensions (1 nm = 10\u22129 m). Fluids confined in these structures exhibit physical behaviors not observed in larger structures, such as those of micrometer dimensions and above, because the characteristic physical scaling lengths of the fluid, (e.g. Debye length, hydrodynamic radius) very closely coincide with the dimensions of the nanostructure itself."@en . . . . . . . "\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064A"@ar . . "Nanofluidique"@fr . . . . . . . . . "La nanofluidique est la branche de la nanophysique qui \u00E9tudie les \u00E9coulements au contact d'objets dont au moins une des dimensions est inf\u00E9rieure \u00E0 cent nanom\u00E8tres. \u00C0 cette \u00E9chelle, de l'ordre de grandeur de celle des mol\u00E9cules qui le composent, le fluide est soumis \u00E0 des contraintes qui n'existent pas aux \u00E9chelles plus grandes et pr\u00E9sente, en cons\u00E9quence, un comportement sp\u00E9cifique. Les perspectives offertes par la d\u00E9couverte de ph\u00E9nom\u00E8nes surprenants aux nano\u00E9chelles promettent un bel avenir \u00E0 cette branche de la science dont on ne conna\u00EEt encore probablement qu'une infime partie."@fr . . 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"La nanofluidica \u00E8 lo studio del comportamento, della manipolazione e del controllo dei fluidi che sono confinati in strutture di dimensioni nanometriche (1 nm = 10\u22129 m) caratteristiche (in genere 1-100 nm). I fluidi confinati in queste strutture mostrano comportamenti fisici non osservati nelle strutture pi\u00F9 grandi, come in quelle di dimensioni e superiori, perch\u00E9 le lunghezze caratteristiche nella scala fisica del fluido, (per es. la lunghezza di Debye, il raggio idrodinamico) coincidono molto strettamente con le dimensioni della nanostruttura stessa."@it . . . . . . . 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"La nanofluidica \u00E8 lo studio del comportamento, della manipolazione e del controllo dei fluidi che sono confinati in strutture di dimensioni nanometriche (1 nm = 10\u22129 m) caratteristiche (in genere 1-100 nm). I fluidi confinati in queste strutture mostrano comportamenti fisici non osservati nelle strutture pi\u00F9 grandi, come in quelle di dimensioni e superiori, perch\u00E9 le lunghezze caratteristiche nella scala fisica del fluido, (per es. la lunghezza di Debye, il raggio idrodinamico) coincidono molto strettamente con le dimensioni della nanostruttura stessa. Diagramma schematico di una realizzazione particolare di nanofluidica in una membrana di un apparato nanocapillare, o NCAM (nanocapillary array membrane). La NCAM \u00E8 composta da un grande numero di nanocapillari paralleli, ognuno dei quali ha un raggio di poro, a/2, che \u00E8 approssimativamente della stessa dimensione della lunghezza di Debye, \u03BA-1. Lo strato elettrico doppio \u00E8 caratterizzato da una distribuzione di contro-ione (counter-ion), N, la quale \u00E8 pi\u00F9 grande nella parete del poro e decade verso il suo centro. Quando le strutture si avvicinano al regime dimensionale corrispondente a lunghezze della scala molecolare, nuove limitazioni fisiche sono imposte al comportamento del fluido. Ad esempio, questi limiti fisici inducono le regioni del fluido a esibire nuove propriet\u00E0 non osservate nella materia \"massiva\" (bulk), per es. la viscosit\u00E0 aumenta immensamente vicino alla parete del poro; possono realizzare mutamenti nelle propriet\u00E0 termodinamiche e anche alterare la reattivit\u00E0 chimica delle specie nell'interfaccia fluido-solido. Un esempio particolarmente utile e rilevante \u00E8 visualizzato dalle soluzioni di elettrolita confinate nei che contengono , vale a dire nelle interfacce elettrificate, come \u00E8 mostrato nella membrana ad apparato nanocapillare (NCAM, nanocapillary array membrane) nella figura a fianco. Tutte le interfacce elettrificate inducono una distribuzione di carica organizzata in prossimit\u00E0 della superficie conosciuta come doppio strato elettrico. Nei pori di dimensioni nanometriche il doppio strato elettrico pu\u00F2 completamente estendere la larghezza del nanoporo, conseguente ai drammatici cambiamenti nella composizione del fluido e delle propriet\u00E0 relative al moto del fluido nella struttura. Ad esempio, il del poro aumentato drasticamente si verifica in una preponderanza di contro-ioni (vale a dire ioni caricati in senso opposto alle cariche statiche della parete) sui co-ioni (che possiedono lo stesso segno delle cariche della parete), in molti casi per la esclusione vicina-completa di co-ioni, in modo che soltanto una specie ionica esiste nel poro. Questo pu\u00F2 essere usato per la manipolazione di specie con polarit\u00E0 selettiva per tutta la lunghezza del poro onde raggiungere insoliti schemi di manipolazione fluidica impossibile nelle strutture e in quelle pi\u00F9 grandi."@it . . . "10172238"^^ . . . "\u041D\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0444\u043B\u044E\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043A\u0430"@ru . . . "20115"^^ . "Nanofluidica"@it . . . "Nanofluidics is the study of the behavior, manipulation, and control of fluids that are confined to structures of nanometer (typically 1\u2013100 nm) characteristic dimensions (1 nm = 10\u22129 m). Fluids confined in these structures exhibit physical behaviors not observed in larger structures, such as those of micrometer dimensions and above, because the characteristic physical scaling lengths of the fluid, (e.g. Debye length, hydrodynamic radius) very closely coincide with the dimensions of the nanostructure itself. When structures approach the size regime corresponding to molecular scaling lengths, new physical constraints are placed on the behavior of the fluid. For example, these physical constraints induce regions of the fluid to exhibit new properties not observed in bulk, e.g. vastly increased viscosity near the pore wall; they may effect changes in thermodynamic properties and may also alter the chemical reactivity of species at the fluid-solid interface. A particularly relevant and useful example is displayed by electrolyte solutions confined in nanopores that contain surface charges, i.e. at electrified interfaces, as shown in the nanocapillary array membrane (NCAM) in the accompanying figure. All electrified interfaces induce an organized charge distribution near the surface known as the electrical double layer. In pores of nanometer dimensions the electrical double layer may completely span the width of the nanopore, resulting in dramatic changes in the composition of the fluid and the related properties of fluid motion in the structure. For example, the drastically enhanced surface-to-volume ratio of the pore results in a preponderance of counter-ions (i.e. ions charged oppositely to the static wall charges) over co-ions (possessing the same sign as the wall charges), in many cases to the near-complete exclusion of co-ions, such that only one ionic species exists in the pore. This can be used for manipulation of species with selective polarity along the pore length to achieve unusual fluidic manipulation schemes not possible in micrometer and larger structures."@en . . . . . . "La nanofluidique est la branche de la nanophysique qui \u00E9tudie les \u00E9coulements au contact d'objets dont au moins une des dimensions est inf\u00E9rieure \u00E0 cent nanom\u00E8tres. \u00C0 cette \u00E9chelle, de l'ordre de grandeur de celle des mol\u00E9cules qui le composent, le fluide est soumis \u00E0 des contraintes qui n'existent pas aux \u00E9chelles plus grandes et pr\u00E9sente, en cons\u00E9quence, un comportement sp\u00E9cifique. Les perspectives offertes par la d\u00E9couverte de ph\u00E9nom\u00E8nes surprenants aux nano\u00E9chelles promettent un bel avenir \u00E0 cette branche de la science dont on ne conna\u00EEt encore probablement qu'une infime partie. L'apparition, \u00E0 l'\u00E9chelle nanom\u00E9trique, de ph\u00E9nom\u00E8nes qui n'existent pas \u00E0 des \u00E9chelles plus grandes, est due \u00E0 la comp\u00E9tition entre les effets de volume et les effets de surface."@fr . "1123483226"^^ . .