. . . . . . . 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"Computa\u00E7\u00E3o natural \u00E9 um ramo da ci\u00EAncia da computa\u00E7\u00E3o destinado a estudar, compreender e aplicar, padr\u00F5es complexos encontrados na natureza, utilizando-os como base para resolu\u00E7\u00E3o de problemas, desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias e aperfei\u00E7oamento de sistemas j\u00E1 existentes. Dentre as tecnologias criadas tendo como base conceitos encontrados na natureza, podemos citar o velcro (plantas), sonares (morcegos), submarinos (peixes), entre outros. Al\u00E9m de exemplos pr\u00E1ticos, a observa\u00E7\u00E3o da natureza permitiu tamb\u00E9m o desenvolvimento de teorias a respeito de como a natureza opera, como, por exemplo, as leis da termodin\u00E2mica. Computa\u00E7\u00E3o natural nada mais \u00E9 do que uma vers\u00E3o computacional do processo citado anteriormente, em que ideias s\u00E3o obtidas atrav\u00E9s da observa\u00E7\u00E3o da natureza."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Natural computing, also called natural computation, is a terminology introduced to encompass three classes of methods: 1) those that take inspiration from nature for the development of novel problem-solving techniques; 2) those that are based on the use of computers to synthesize natural phenomena; and 3) those that employ natural materials (e.g., molecules) to compute. The main fields of research that compose these three branches are artificial neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence, artificial immune systems, fractal geometry, artificial life, DNA computing, and quantum computing, among others. Computational paradigms studied by natural computing are abstracted from natural phenomena as diverse as self-replication, the functioning of the brain, Darwinian evolution, group behavior, the immune system, the defining properties of life forms, cell membranes, and morphogenesis. Besides traditional electronic hardware, these computational paradigms can be implemented on alternative physical media such as biomolecules (DNA, RNA), or trapped-ion devices. Dually, one can view processes occurring in nature as information processing. Such processes include self-assembly, developmental processes, gene regulation networks, protein\u2013protein interaction networks, biological transport (active transport, passive transport) networks, and in unicellular organisms. Efforts tounderstand biological systems also include engineering of semi-synthetic organisms, and understanding the universe itself from the point of view of information processing. Indeed, the idea was even advanced that information is more fundamental than matter or energy. The Zuse-Fredkin thesis, dating back to the 1960s, states that the entire universe is a huge cellular automaton which continuously updates its rules.Recently it has been suggested that the whole universe is a quantum computer that computes its own behaviour.The universe/nature as computational mechanism is addressed by, exploring nature with help the ideas of computability, and studying natural processes as computations (information processing)."@en . . "Natural computing, also called natural computation, is a terminology introduced to encompass three classes of methods: 1) those that take inspiration from nature for the development of novel problem-solving techniques; 2) those that are based on the use of computers to synthesize natural phenomena; and 3) those that employ natural materials (e.g., molecules) to compute. The main fields of research that compose these three branches are artificial neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence, artificial immune systems, fractal geometry, artificial life, DNA computing, and quantum computing, among others."@en . . . . . . . . . "La computazione naturale nel senso pi\u00F9 comune del termine \u00E8 un sotto-campo dell'informatica e pi\u00F9 in particolare dell'intelligenza artificiale, che si occupa dello sviluppo di tecnologie e modelli computazionali ispirati alle metodiche che la natura ha raffinato nel corso dei millenni e sulle quali l'uomo non ha ancora trovato soluzioni adeguate. Pi\u00F9 di rado il termine \u00E8 utilizzato per definire i casi in cui particolari tecniche di computazione sono state pensate per avere come oggetto lo studio e la sintesi di fenomeni naturali oppure per definire tecniche computazionali che prevedono lo sfruttamento di elementi naturali (es. molecole)."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "45732"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Computa\u00E7\u00E3o natural"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1059977127"^^ . . . . . . . . . "\u0415\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0438\u043D\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . "Computazione naturale"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "L'informatique naturelle, \u00E9galement appel\u00E9e calcul naturel (ou natural computing d'apr\u00E8s le terme anglais) est une notion introduite pour englober trois classes de m\u00E9thodes : celles qui s'inspirent de la nature pour le d\u00E9veloppement de nouvelles techniques de r\u00E9solution de probl\u00E8mes; celles qui reposent sur l'utilisation d'ordinateurs pour synth\u00E9tiser des ph\u00E9nom\u00E8nes naturels; et enfin celles qui utilisent des mat\u00E9riaux naturels (par exemple, des mol\u00E9cules) pour effectuer des calculs."@fr . . . "Natural computing"@en . . . "Computa\u00E7\u00E3o natural \u00E9 um ramo da ci\u00EAncia da computa\u00E7\u00E3o destinado a estudar, compreender e aplicar, padr\u00F5es complexos encontrados na natureza, utilizando-os como base para resolu\u00E7\u00E3o de problemas, desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias e aperfei\u00E7oamento de sistemas j\u00E1 existentes. Dentre as tecnologias criadas tendo como base conceitos encontrados na natureza, podemos citar o velcro (plantas), sonares (morcegos), submarinos (peixes), entre outros. Al\u00E9m de exemplos pr\u00E1ticos, a observa\u00E7\u00E3o da natureza permitiu tamb\u00E9m o desenvolvimento de teorias a respeito de como a natureza opera, como, por exemplo, as leis da termodin\u00E2mica. Computa\u00E7\u00E3o natural nada mais \u00E9 do que uma vers\u00E3o computacional do processo citado anteriormente, em que ideias s\u00E3o obtidas atrav\u00E9s da observa\u00E7\u00E3o da natureza."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . "27075922"^^ . . . . . . . . . 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(\u041D\u0435\u0441\u043C\u043E\u0442\u0440\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0438 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u044C\u044E\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F.)"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Informatique naturelle"@fr . . . . . . . . . "L'informatique naturelle, \u00E9galement appel\u00E9e calcul naturel (ou natural computing d'apr\u00E8s le terme anglais) est une notion introduite pour englober trois classes de m\u00E9thodes : celles qui s'inspirent de la nature pour le d\u00E9veloppement de nouvelles techniques de r\u00E9solution de probl\u00E8mes; celles qui reposent sur l'utilisation d'ordinateurs pour synth\u00E9tiser des ph\u00E9nom\u00E8nes naturels; et enfin celles qui utilisent des mat\u00E9riaux naturels (par exemple, des mol\u00E9cules) pour effectuer des calculs."@fr . . . . . . . "La computazione naturale nel senso pi\u00F9 comune del termine \u00E8 un sotto-campo dell'informatica e pi\u00F9 in particolare dell'intelligenza artificiale, che si occupa dello sviluppo di tecnologie e modelli computazionali ispirati alle metodiche che la natura ha raffinato nel corso dei millenni e sulle quali l'uomo non ha ancora trovato soluzioni adeguate."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . .