. "1091925075"^^ . . "\u0411\u043B\u0438\u0436\u043D\u0454 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435 \u2014 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043B\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0448\u0456\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u0432\u0436\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0456. \u041D\u0430 \u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0456 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u0430 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043B\u044F \u0449\u0435 \u043D\u0435 \u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430, \u0456 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0430 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043A\u0432\u0430\u0437\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0456, \u043D\u0435\u0445\u0442\u0443\u044E\u0447\u0438 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0456\u0437\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u043D \u2014 . \u0421\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u043E\u0432\u043E\u044E \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F \u0454 \u0435\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435, \u0442\u043E\u0431\u0442\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435, \u044F\u043A\u0435 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E \u0441\u043F\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0437 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u043B\u043B\u044E \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043B\u0430, \u0442\u043E\u0431\u0442\u043E \u043D\u0435 \u0454 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u043E\u0432\u043E\u044E \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F."@uk . . . "The near field and far field are regions of the electromagnetic (EM) field around an object, such as a transmitting antenna, or the result of radiation scattering off an object. Non-radiative near-field behaviors dominate close to the antenna or scattering object, while electromagnetic radiation far-field behaviors dominate at greater distances. Far-field E (electric) and B (magnetic) field strength decreases as the distance from the source increases, resulting in an inverse-square law for the radiated power intensity of electromagnetic radiation. By contrast, near-field E and B strength decrease more rapidly with distance: the radiative field decreases by the inverse-distance squared, the reactive field by an inverse-cube law, resulting in a diminished power in the parts of the electric field by an inverse fourth-power and sixth-power, respectively. The rapid drop in power contained in the near-field ensures that effects due to the near-field essentially vanish a few wavelengths away from the radiating part of the antenna."@en . . . . . . "En la f\u00EDsica de las ondas, las descripciones de campo pr\u00F2ximo y campo lejano son dos aproximaciones posibles para describir un campo de onda. Aunque estas dos aproximaciones son v\u00E1lidas para cualquier campo de onda, se utilizan principalmente en el estudio del electromagnetismo, y en particular de la \u00F3ptica . Brevemente, la aproximaci\u00F3n de campo pr\u00F2ximo describe la oscilaci\u00F3n con la aproximaci\u00F3n de onda esf\u00E9rica, mientras que la aproximaci\u00F3n de campo lejano describe la oscilaci\u00F3n con la aproximaci\u00F3n de onda plana . En particular, para el estudio de la difracci\u00F3n, se utilizar\u00E1 la difracci\u00F3n de Fresnel en la aproximaci\u00F3n de campo cercano, mientras que la difracci\u00F3n de Fraunhofer m\u00E1s sencilla se utilizar\u00E1 en la aproximaci\u00F3n de campo lejano \u200B ."@es . . "In fisica ondulatoria le due descrizioni di campo vicino e campo lontano sono due possibili approssimazioni per descrivere un campo ondulatorio. Sebbene queste due approssimazioni siano valide per qualunque campo ondulatorio, esse sono utilizzate soprattutto nello studio dell'elettromagnetismo, e in particolare dell'ottica. In breve, l'approssimazione di campo vicino descrive l'oscillazione con l'approssimazione di onda sferica, mentre l'approssimazione di campo lontano descrive l'oscillazione con l'approssimazione di onda piana.In particolare, per lo studio della diffrazione, nell'approssimazione di campo vicino si user\u00E0 la diffrazione di Fresnel, mentre nell'approssimazione di campo lontano si utilizzer\u00E0 la pi\u00F9 semplice diffrazione di Fraunhofer."@it . . . . "Campo pr\u00F2ximo y campo lejano"@es . . . . . . "Die Begriffe Nahfeld und Fernfeld beschreiben in der Antennentechnik unterschiedliche Raumgebiete, welche strahlende Antennensysteme umgeben. \u00DCblicherweise werden die Raumgebiete, ausgehend von dem Antennensystem, in drei Bereiche unterteilt:"@de . . . . . . . . "Die Begriffe Nahfeld und Fernfeld beschreiben in der Antennentechnik unterschiedliche Raumgebiete, welche strahlende Antennensysteme umgeben. \u00DCblicherweise werden die Raumgebiete, ausgehend von dem Antennensystem, in drei Bereiche unterteilt: 1. \n* Nahfeld, auch als reaktives Nahfeld bezeichnet, ist der Bereich in unmittelbarer N\u00E4he zur Antenne 2. \n* Daran anschlie\u00DFend das \u00DCbergangsfeld, auch als Fresnel-Region oder als strahlendes Nahfeld bezeichnet 3. \n* Das Fernfeld, auch Fraunhofer-Region genannt, ist der gr\u00F6\u00DFte Bereich, in welchem sich die elektromagnetische Welle unabh\u00E4ngig von der Antenne als ebene Welle im Raum ausbreitet. Die Grenzen zwischen den einzelnen Regionen sind von der Wellenl\u00E4nge \u03BB abh\u00E4ngig, weisen einen flie\u00DFenden Verlauf auf und sind in der Literatur in den Grenzen nicht einheitlich festgelegt. So wird beispielsweise das \u00DCbergangsfeld auch direkt dem Nahfeld zugerechnet und die \u00DCbergangsbereiche werden je nach Antennengr\u00F6\u00DFe unterschieden. Die Eigenschaften der Welle werden im Nahfeld mit dem Abstand r von Polynomen r\u2212n hoher Ordnung n beschrieben. Im Fernfeld, bei gro\u00DFem Abstand von der Antenne, reduziert sich die Beschreibung, da die erste Ordnung (n = 1, 1/r-Abh\u00E4ngigkeit) alle anderen Terme dominiert. Die Gleichungen und Definitionen der Antennentheorie gelten erst im Fernfeld."@de . . "34897"^^ . . . . . . . . . "\u0411\u043B\u0438\u0436\u043D\u0454 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435 \u2014 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043B\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0448\u0456\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u0432\u0436\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0456. \u041D\u0430 \u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0456 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u0430 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043B\u044F \u0449\u0435 \u043D\u0435 \u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430, \u0456 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0430 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043A\u0432\u0430\u0437\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0456, \u043D\u0435\u0445\u0442\u0443\u044E\u0447\u0438 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0456\u0437\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u043D \u2014 . \u0421\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u043E\u0432\u043E\u044E \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F \u0454 \u0435\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435, \u0442\u043E\u0431\u0442\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435, \u044F\u043A\u0435 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E \u0441\u043F\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0437 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u043B\u043B\u044E \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043B\u0430, \u0442\u043E\u0431\u0442\u043E \u043D\u0435 \u0454 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u043E\u0432\u043E\u044E \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F."@uk . . . . . . . "En la f\u00EDsica de las ondas, las descripciones de campo pr\u00F2ximo y campo lejano son dos aproximaciones posibles para describir un campo de onda. Aunque estas dos aproximaciones son v\u00E1lidas para cualquier campo de onda, se utilizan principalmente en el estudio del electromagnetismo, y en particular de la \u00F3ptica . Brevemente, la aproximaci\u00F3n de campo pr\u00F2ximo describe la oscilaci\u00F3n con la aproximaci\u00F3n de onda esf\u00E9rica, mientras que la aproximaci\u00F3n de campo lejano describe la oscilaci\u00F3n con la aproximaci\u00F3n de onda plana . En particular, para el estudio de la difracci\u00F3n, se utilizar\u00E1 la difracci\u00F3n de Fresnel en la aproximaci\u00F3n de campo cercano, mientras que la difracci\u00F3n de Fraunhofer m\u00E1s sencilla se utilizar\u00E1 en la aproximaci\u00F3n de campo lejano \u200B ."@es . . . . . . . . "May 2015"@en . . "\u0411\u043B\u0438\u0436\u043D\u0454 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Camp proper i camp lluny\u00E0"@ca . . "Nahfeld und Fernfeld (Antennen)"@de . . "\uADFC\uAC70\uB9AC\uC7A5(\u8FD1\u8DDD\u96E2\u5834 near field, \uBB38\uD654\uC5B4: \uAC00\uAE4C\uC6B4 \uC2DC\uC57C)\uACFC \uC6D0\uAC70\uB9AC\uC7A5(\u9060\u8DDD\u96E2\u5834, far field)\uC774\uB780 \uC5B4\uB5A4 \uBB3C\uCCB4 \uC8FC\uC704\uC758 \uC804\uC790\uAE30\uD30C\uC758 \uC8FC\uC704\uB97C \uC11C\uC220\uD560 \uB54C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uB294 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uC774\uB2E4. \uBB38\uC81C\uC758 \uBB3C\uCCB4 \uBC14\uB85C \uC8FC\uC704\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uADFC\uAC70\uB9AC\uC7A5 \uC591\uD0DC\uAC00 \uC9C0\uBC30\uC801\uC774\uACE0, \uC544\uC8FC \uBA3C \uAC70\uB9AC\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC6D0\uAC70\uB9AC\uC7A5 \uC591\uD0DC\uAC00 \uC9C0\uBC30\uC801\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . "271708"^^ . . "Near and far field"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "En f\u00EDsica de les ones, les descripcions de camp proper i camp lluny\u00E0 s\u00F3n dues aproximacions possibles per descriure un camp d'ona. Encara que aquestes dues aproximacions s\u00F3n v\u00E0lides per a qualsevol camp d'ona, s'utilitzen principalment en l'estudi de l'electromagnetisme, i en particular de l'\u00F2ptica. Breument, l'aproximaci\u00F3 de camp proper descriu l'oscil\u00B7laci\u00F3 amb l'aproximaci\u00F3 d'ona esf\u00E8rica, mentre que l'aproximaci\u00F3 de camp lluny\u00E0 descriu l'oscil\u00B7laci\u00F3 amb l'aproximaci\u00F3 d'ona plana . En particular, per a l'estudi de la difracci\u00F3, s'utilitzar\u00E0 la difracci\u00F3 de Fresnel en l'aproximaci\u00F3 de camp proper, mentre que la difracci\u00F3 de Fraunhofer m\u00E9s senzilla s'utilitzar\u00E0 en l'aproximaci\u00F3 de camp lluny\u00E0."@ca . . . . "\uADFC\uAC70\uB9AC\uC7A5\uACFC \uC6D0\uAC70\uB9AC\uC7A5"@ko . . . . "The near field and far field are regions of the electromagnetic (EM) field around an object, such as a transmitting antenna, or the result of radiation scattering off an object. Non-radiative near-field behaviors dominate close to the antenna or scattering object, while electromagnetic radiation far-field behaviors dominate at greater distances."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "These are imprecise, dumbed-down versions of what has been said more clearly above."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uADFC\uAC70\uB9AC\uC7A5(\u8FD1\u8DDD\u96E2\u5834 near field, \uBB38\uD654\uC5B4: \uAC00\uAE4C\uC6B4 \uC2DC\uC57C)\uACFC \uC6D0\uAC70\uB9AC\uC7A5(\u9060\u8DDD\u96E2\u5834, far field)\uC774\uB780 \uC5B4\uB5A4 \uBB3C\uCCB4 \uC8FC\uC704\uC758 \uC804\uC790\uAE30\uD30C\uC758 \uC8FC\uC704\uB97C \uC11C\uC220\uD560 \uB54C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uB294 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uC774\uB2E4. \uBB38\uC81C\uC758 \uBB3C\uCCB4 \uBC14\uB85C \uC8FC\uC704\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uADFC\uAC70\uB9AC\uC7A5 \uC591\uD0DC\uAC00 \uC9C0\uBC30\uC801\uC774\uACE0, \uC544\uC8FC \uBA3C \uAC70\uB9AC\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC6D0\uAC70\uB9AC\uC7A5 \uC591\uD0DC\uAC00 \uC9C0\uBC30\uC801\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . "Campo vicino e campo lontano"@it . . "In fisica ondulatoria le due descrizioni di campo vicino e campo lontano sono due possibili approssimazioni per descrivere un campo ondulatorio. Sebbene queste due approssimazioni siano valide per qualunque campo ondulatorio, esse sono utilizzate soprattutto nello studio dell'elettromagnetismo, e in particolare dell'ottica. In breve, l'approssimazione di campo vicino descrive l'oscillazione con l'approssimazione di onda sferica, mentre l'approssimazione di campo lontano descrive l'oscillazione con l'approssimazione di onda piana.In particolare, per lo studio della diffrazione, nell'approssimazione di campo vicino si user\u00E0 la diffrazione di Fresnel, mentre nell'approssimazione di campo lontano si utilizzer\u00E0 la pi\u00F9 semplice diffrazione di Fraunhofer."@it . . . . . . . . . . .