. . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041D\u044C\u044E\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440"@ru . . . "27661"^^ . . . . "La conspiration de Newburgh (en anglais : Newburgh's conspiracy) est un complot organis\u00E9 en mars 1783 \u00E0 la fin de la guerre d'ind\u00E9pendance am\u00E9ricaine provoqu\u00E9 par le m\u00E9contentement des officiers et des soldats de l'arm\u00E9e continentale qui n'avaient pas re\u00E7u de solde depuis plusieurs ann\u00E9es. La r\u00E9volte reste encore aujourd'hui en partie inexpliqu\u00E9e : en janvier 1783, les officiers am\u00E9ricains envoy\u00E8rent au Congr\u00E8s la liste de leurs revendications qui resta sans r\u00E9ponse. En mars, une lettre anonyme circula parmi les soldats \u00E0 Newburgh qui pr\u00E9voyait que l\u2019arm\u00E9e refuserait de se disperser si ses revendications \u00E9conomiques n\u2019\u00E9taient pas satisfaites ; en cas de reprise des hostilit\u00E9s avec l'Angleterre, elle refuserait de combattre. Le commandant en chef de l'arm\u00E9e continentale, George Washington, mit un terme \u00E0 toute discussion s\u00E9rieuse sur un \u00E9ventuel coup d'\u00C9tat ; il calma la situation au cours d'une r\u00E9union des officiers le 15 mars 1783 en pronon\u00E7ant une allocution \u00E9mouvante demandant \u00E0 ses officiers de soutenir la supr\u00E9matie du Congr\u00E8s. Il se retira de l'arm\u00E9e \u00E0 la fin de l'ann\u00E9e. Peu de temps apr\u00E8s, le Congr\u00E8s approuva un accord de compromis qu'il avait pr\u00E9c\u00E9demment rejet\u00E9: il finan\u00E7ait une partie des arri\u00E9r\u00E9s de solde et accordait aux soldats cinq ans de salaire int\u00E9gral au lieu d'une pension \u00E0 vie de demi-solde.Cet incident tendait \u00E0 montrer la n\u00E9cessit\u00E9 d'une r\u00E9forme institutionnelle : les Articles de la Conf\u00E9d\u00E9ration qui organisaient les pouvoirs semblaient alors manquer d'efficacit\u00E9."@fr . "Die Newburgh-Verschw\u00F6rung (englisch: Newburgh Conspiracy) war eine Verschw\u00F6rung der , Unzufriedenheit in der Kontinentalarmee zu nutzen um den Kontinentalkongress so sehr zu bedrohen, dass es die vorgeschlagenen Ma\u00DFnahmen der Nationalisten annimmt. Ob die Kontinentalarmee einen echten Coup d\u2019Etat vorbereitete ist unter Historikern umstritten."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Newburgh Conspiracy was a failed apparent threat by leaders of the Continental Army in March 1783, at the end of the American Revolutionary War. The Army's commander, George Washington, successfully calmed the soldiers and helped secure back pay. The conspiracy may have been instigated by members in the Congress of the Confederation, who circulated an anonymous letter in the army camp at Newburgh, New York, on March 10, 1783. Soldiers were unhappy that they had not been paid for some time and that pensions that had been promised remained unfunded. The letter suggested that they should take unspecified action against Congress to resolve the issue. The letter was said to have been written by Major John Armstrong, aide to General Horatio Gates, although the authorship and underlying ideas"@en . . . . . . "Die Newburgh-Verschw\u00F6rung (englisch: Newburgh Conspiracy) war eine Verschw\u00F6rung der , Unzufriedenheit in der Kontinentalarmee zu nutzen um den Kontinentalkongress so sehr zu bedrohen, dass es die vorgeschlagenen Ma\u00DFnahmen der Nationalisten annimmt. Ob die Kontinentalarmee einen echten Coup d\u2019Etat vorbereitete ist unter Historikern umstritten."@de . . . . . . . "1121079363"^^ . . . . . "\u041D\u044C\u044E\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. 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\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0438). \u0412 \u0442\u043E \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u044F\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u043E\u0441\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u044D\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u043E\u0447\u043A\u0443 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F. \u0422\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0436\u0435 \u043D\u0435\u043F\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u043D\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u0443\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0451\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u044F\u0445 \u0441 \u043E\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043A \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u044F\u043C."@ru . . . "Cospirazione di Newburgh"@it . . . . . . . . . . . "La conspiraci\u00F3 de Newburgh (Newburgh conspiration) \u00E9s una conspiraci\u00F3 organitzada el mar\u00E7 de 1783 al final de la Guerra d'Independ\u00E8ncia dels Estats Units provocada pel descontentament d'oficials i soldats de l'Ex\u00E8rcit Continental que feia uns quants anys que no cobraven. La revolta encara roman avui en part inexplicable: el gener de 1783, els oficials nord-americans van enviar al Congr\u00E9s la llista de les seves demandes que van quedar sense resposta. Al mar\u00E7, una carta an\u00F2nima va circular entre els soldats de Newburgh que va predir que l'ex\u00E8rcit es negaria a dispersar-se si no es complien les seves demandes econ\u00F2miques; en el cas d'una represa de les hostilitats amb Anglaterra, es refusaria de lluitar. El comandant en cap de l'ex\u00E8rcit continental, George Washington, va tancar qualsevol discussi\u00F3 seriosa sobre un possible cop d'estat; va calmar la situaci\u00F3 durant una reuni\u00F3 dels oficials del 15 de mar\u00E7 de 1783 pronunciant un emotiu discurs demanant als seus oficials que mantinguin la supremacia del Congr\u00E9s. Es va retirar de l'ex\u00E8rcit a finals d'any Poc despr\u00E9s, el Congr\u00E9s va aprovar un acord de comprom\u00EDs que havia rebutjat anteriorment: va finan\u00E7ar una part del sou endarrerit i va donar als soldats cinc anys de sou complet en lloc d'una pensi\u00F3 de mitja paga de tota la vida. Aquest incident va tendir a mostrar la necessitat d'una reforma institucional: els Estatuts de la Confederaci\u00F3 que organitzaven els poders semblaven llavors mancats d'efic\u00E0cia."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . "La conspiraci\u00F3 de Newburgh (Newburgh conspiration) \u00E9s una conspiraci\u00F3 organitzada el mar\u00E7 de 1783 al final de la Guerra d'Independ\u00E8ncia dels Estats Units provocada pel descontentament d'oficials i soldats de l'Ex\u00E8rcit Continental que feia uns quants anys que no cobraven. La revolta encara roman avui en part inexplicable: el gener de 1783, els oficials nord-americans van enviar al Congr\u00E9s la llista de les seves demandes que van quedar sense resposta. Al mar\u00E7, una carta an\u00F2nima va circular entre els soldats de Newburgh que va predir que l'ex\u00E8rcit es negaria a dispersar-se si no es complien les seves demandes econ\u00F2miques; en el cas d'una represa de les hostilitats amb Anglaterra, es refusaria de lluitar."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "625793"^^ . . "La conspiration de Newburgh (en anglais : Newburgh's conspiracy) est un complot organis\u00E9 en mars 1783 \u00E0 la fin de la guerre d'ind\u00E9pendance am\u00E9ricaine provoqu\u00E9 par le m\u00E9contentement des officiers et des soldats de l'arm\u00E9e continentale qui n'avaient pas re\u00E7u de solde depuis plusieurs ann\u00E9es. La r\u00E9volte reste encore aujourd'hui en partie inexpliqu\u00E9e : en janvier 1783, les officiers am\u00E9ricains envoy\u00E8rent au Congr\u00E8s la liste de leurs revendications qui resta sans r\u00E9ponse. En mars, une lettre anonyme circula parmi les soldats \u00E0 Newburgh qui pr\u00E9voyait que l\u2019arm\u00E9e refuserait de se disperser si ses revendications \u00E9conomiques n\u2019\u00E9taient pas satisfaites ; en cas de reprise des hostilit\u00E9s avec l'Angleterre, elle refuserait de combattre."@fr . . . . . . . "Conspiraci\u00F3 de Newburgh"@ca . . "\u041D\u044C\u044E\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Newburgh conspiracy) \u0431\u044B\u043B \u043F\u043E\u043F\u044B\u0442\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0432 \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043B\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0432 \u041D\u044C\u044E\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435, \u0432 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u041D\u044C\u044E-\u0419\u043E\u0440\u043A. \u0412 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B \u0437\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445, \u0432\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E, \u0441 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u043D\u044B \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u043D\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u044C\u043C\u0430, \u0432\u043E\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044E \u043A\u0430\u043A \u00AB\u041D\u044C\u044E\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u044C\u043C\u0430\u00BB (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Newburgh Letters)."@ru . . . . . . . . "Conspiration de Newburgh"@fr . . . "Newburgh-Verschw\u00F6rung"@de . . . . "La cosiddetta cospirazione di Newburgh \u00E8 un episodio controverso avvenuto durante la fase ultima della rivoluzione americana, ovvero nel marzo 1783, quando numerosi ufficiali dell'Esercito Continentale di stanza a Newburgh, risposero ad un appello anonima scritto in due lettere, per organizzare una vera e propria sedizione nei confronti del Congresso degli Stati Uniti d'America, colpevole di aver deliberato il mancato pagamento degli stipendi arretrati a tutti i militari, come rimedio estremo per sopperire a gravi problemi di finanza pubblica. Dallo storico, come dell'Universit\u00E0 di Pittsburgh, esso pu\u00F2 essere considerato come l'episodio pi\u00F9 vicino a un tentato colpo di Stato nella storia degli Stati Uniti d'America."@it . . . . . "Newburgh Conspiracy"@en . "La cosiddetta cospirazione di Newburgh \u00E8 un episodio controverso avvenuto durante la fase ultima della rivoluzione americana, ovvero nel marzo 1783, quando numerosi ufficiali dell'Esercito Continentale di stanza a Newburgh, risposero ad un appello anonima scritto in due lettere, per organizzare una vera e propria sedizione nei confronti del Congresso degli Stati Uniti d'America, colpevole di aver deliberato il mancato pagamento degli stipendi arretrati a tutti i militari, come rimedio estremo per sopperire a gravi problemi di finanza pubblica. Dallo storico, come dell'Universit\u00E0 di Pittsburgh, esso pu\u00F2 essere considerato come l'episodio pi\u00F9 vicino a un tentato colpo di Stato nella storia degli Stati Uniti d'America."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Newburgh Conspiracy was a failed apparent threat by leaders of the Continental Army in March 1783, at the end of the American Revolutionary War. The Army's commander, George Washington, successfully calmed the soldiers and helped secure back pay. The conspiracy may have been instigated by members in the Congress of the Confederation, who circulated an anonymous letter in the army camp at Newburgh, New York, on March 10, 1783. Soldiers were unhappy that they had not been paid for some time and that pensions that had been promised remained unfunded. The letter suggested that they should take unspecified action against Congress to resolve the issue. The letter was said to have been written by Major John Armstrong, aide to General Horatio Gates, although the authorship and underlying ideas are subjects of historical debate. Commander-in-Chief George Washington stopped any serious talk of rebellion when he made an emotional address to his officers asking them to support the supremacy of Congress. Not long afterward, Congress approved a compromise agreement that it had previously rejected: it funded some of the pay arrears, and granted soldiers five years of full pay instead of a lifetime pension of half pay. The motivations of numerous actors in these events are debated. Most historians say that the plot was led by civilians. Their goal was forcing Congress to make good on its long-standing promises to the soldiers. Some historians allege that serious consideration was given within the army to some sort of coup d'\u00E9tat, while others dispute the notion. The exact motivations of congressmen involved in communications with army officers implicated in the events are similarly debated."@en . . .