"\u975E\u7DDA\u5F62\u97F3\u97FF\u5B66"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Nonlinear acoustics (NLA) is a branch of physics and acoustics dealing with sound waves of sufficiently large amplitudes. Large amplitudes require using full systems of governing equations of fluid dynamics (for sound waves in liquids and gases) and elasticity (for sound waves in solids). These equations are generally nonlinear, and their traditional linearization is no longer possible. The solutions of these equations show that, due to the effects of nonlinearity, sound waves are being distorted as they travel."@en . . . . . . "\u975E\u7EBF\u6027\u58F0\u5B66\u4E0E\u76F8\u5BF9\uFF0C\u7814\u7A76\u7684\u662F\u58F0\u6CE2\u5728\u8FD0\u52A8\u975E\u7EBF\u6027\u548C\u4ECB\u8D28\u975E\u7EBF\u6027\u65E0\u6CD5\u5FFD\u7565\u7684\u60C5\u51B5\u4E0B\u7684\u58F0\u5B66\u73B0\u8C61\u3002\u5728\u975E\u7EBF\u6027\u58F0\u5B66\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4F1A\u51FA\u73B0\u8BB8\u591A\u65B0\u73B0\u8C61\u3002 \n* \u6CE2\u5F62\u53D8\u5316\uFF1A\u58F0\u6CE2\u7684\u6CE2\u901F\u4E0E\u4ECB\u8D28\u538B\u529B\u6709\u5173\uFF0C\u5F53\u4ECB\u8D28\u5904\u4E8E\u9AD8\u901F\u8FD0\u52A8\u4E2D\u65F6\uFF0C\u4ECB\u8D28\u538B\u529B\u5206\u5E03\u7684\u975E\u7EBF\u6027\u65E0\u6CD5\u5FFD\u7565\u3002\u5728\u4ECB\u8D28\u538B\u529B\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5730\u65B9\uFF0C\u8D28\u70B9\u8FD0\u52A8\u901F\u5EA6\u4E5F\u6700\u5FEB\u3002\u58F0\u538B\u7684\u6CE2\u5F62\u4F1A\u56E0\u6B64\u7531\u6B63\u5F26\u578B\u6F14\u5316\u4E3A\u952F\u9F7F\u578B\u3002\u4F46\u662F\u6B64\u65F6\u53C8\u51FA\u73B0\u4E86\u9AD8\u6B21\u8C10\u6CE2\uFF0C\u9AD8\u6B21\u8C10\u6CE2\u5F88\u5FEB\u53C8\u8870\u51CF\u4E3A\u6B63\u5F26\u6CE2\u3002 \n* \u53E0\u52A0\u539F\u7406\u5931\u6548\uFF1A\u5F53\u58F0\u6CE2\u5728\u975E\u7EBF\u6027\u6761\u4EF6\u4E0B\u4F20\u64AD\u65F6\uFF0C\u4F1A\u4EA7\u751F\u8C10\u6CE2\u3001\u5206\u9891\u6CE2\u3001\u5DEE\u9891\u6CE2\u3001\u548C\u9891\u6CE2\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4E9B\u6CE2\u7684\u5B58\u5728\u4F7F\u6CE2\u7684\u53E0\u52A0\u539F\u7406\u5931\u6548\u3002"@zh . . "\u0397 \u03BC\u03B7 \u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B1\u03BA\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B1\u03C3\u03C7\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5\u03BB\u03AD\u03C4\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03B4\u03BF\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C5\u03C8\u03B7\u03BB\u03AE\u03C2 \u03AD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03C9\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03B7\u03C7\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03BA\u03C5\u03BC\u03AC\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD, \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B3\u03AC\u03BB\u03B1 \u03C0\u03BB\u03AC\u03C4\u03B7 \u03B1\u03BA\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C0\u03AF\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF \u03BC\u03AE\u03BA\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BA\u03CD\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2. \u03A0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03B4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C6\u03B1\u03B9\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B5\u03C6\u03B1\u03C1\u03BC\u03BF\u03B3\u03CE\u03BD \u03BC\u03B7 \u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BA\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD \u03B7 \u03B7\u03C7\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03AD\u03BA\u03C1\u03B7\u03BE\u03B7 (sonic boom) \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u03C4\u03B7 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C3\u03C0\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C6\u03C1\u03AC\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03AE\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5 (\u03BA\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BA\u03CD\u03BC\u03B1), \u03B7 \u03B1\u03BA\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B1\u03B9\u03CE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7, \u03B7 \u03B7\u03C7\u03BF\u03C6\u03C9\u03C4\u03B1\u03CD\u03B3\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1 (sonoluminescence), \u03B7 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03B4\u03BF\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C5\u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03AE\u03C7\u03C9\u03BD \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03BB\u03AE\u03C8\u03B7 \u03C5\u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7\u03C7\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03B7\u03BC\u03AC\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B5\u03BE\u03B1\u03B3\u03C9\u03B3\u03AE \u03BC\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C6\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03B5\u03BB\u03AD\u03B3\u03C7\u03C9\u03BD, \u03BA\u03C4\u03BB. \u0397 \u03B7\u03C7\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C7\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 (sound diffusivity) \u03B9\u03C3\u03BF\u03CD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B5:"@el . . . . "\u041D\u0435\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u0430\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 - \u0446\u0435 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043B \u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u0449\u043E \u043C\u0430\u0454 \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0443 \u0437\u0456 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043B\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043C\u043F\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0443\u0434. \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0456 \u0430\u043C\u043F\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u044F\u043D\u044C \u0433\u0456\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0438 (\u0434\u043B\u044F \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043B\u044C \u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445) \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 (\u0434\u043B\u044F \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043B\u044C \u0443 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0456\u043B\u0430\u0445). \u0426\u0456 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u044F\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u044F\u043A \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u043E, \u043D\u0435\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0456, \u0456 \u0457\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0435\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F \u043D\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430. \u0420\u043E\u0437\u0432'\u044F\u0437\u043A\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u044F\u043D\u044C \u043F\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C, \u0449\u043E \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043D\u0435\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0456 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044E\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0440\u0443\u0445\u0443."@uk . . . . . . "Ac\u00FAstica no lineal"@es . "10361"^^ . "\u041D\u0435\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u0430\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430"@uk . . . "L\u2019acoustique non lin\u00E9aire est une technique qui permet de caract\u00E9riser l'\u00E9tat d'int\u00E9grit\u00E9 et \u00AB la sant\u00E9 \u00BB de structures ou de mat\u00E9riaux, sans les d\u00E9grader, soit au cours de la production, soit en cours d'utilisation, soit dans le cadre de maintenance."@fr . "\u041D\u0435\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u0430\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 - \u0446\u0435 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043B \u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u0449\u043E \u043C\u0430\u0454 \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0443 \u0437\u0456 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043B\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043C\u043F\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0443\u0434. \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0456 \u0430\u043C\u043F\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u044F\u043D\u044C \u0433\u0456\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0438 (\u0434\u043B\u044F \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043B\u044C \u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445) \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 (\u0434\u043B\u044F \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043B\u044C \u0443 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0456\u043B\u0430\u0445). \u0426\u0456 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u044F\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u044F\u043A \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u043E, \u043D\u0435\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0456, \u0456 \u0457\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0435\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F \u043D\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430. \u0420\u043E\u0437\u0432'\u044F\u0437\u043A\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u044F\u043D\u044C \u043F\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C, \u0449\u043E \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043D\u0435\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0456 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044E\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0440\u0443\u0445\u0443."@uk . "\u039C\u03B7 \u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B1\u03BA\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE"@el . "L\u2019acoustique non lin\u00E9aire est une technique qui permet de caract\u00E9riser l'\u00E9tat d'int\u00E9grit\u00E9 et \u00AB la sant\u00E9 \u00BB de structures ou de mat\u00E9riaux, sans les d\u00E9grader, soit au cours de la production, soit en cours d'utilisation, soit dans le cadre de maintenance. L\u2019acoustique non lin\u00E9aire de par sa tr\u00E8s haute sensibilit\u00E9 \u00E0 l\u2019endommagement redondant ou limit\u00E9 des mat\u00E9riaux semble \u00EAtre une r\u00E9cente voie amplement efficace pour le contr\u00F4le et l\u2018\u00E9valuation non destructifs. De tr\u00E8s nombreuses applications potentielles existent tant pour la d\u00E9tection et l\u2019\u00E9valuation de fissures et leur caract\u00E9risation que pour le suivi de l\u2019\u00E9tat de sant\u00E9 des mat\u00E9riaux de structure (m\u00E9taux, composites, b\u00E9ton, ...). Les non-lin\u00E9arit\u00E9s peuvent \u00EAtre tr\u00E8s \u00E9lev\u00E9es pour les mat\u00E9riaux inhomog\u00E8nes comme les roches et certains composites. Ces non-lin\u00E9arit\u00E9s augmentent consid\u00E9rablement en pr\u00E9sence d\u2019endommagement et ceci y compris pour des mat\u00E9riaux plus homog\u00E8nes comme les alliages m\u00E9talliques. En cons\u00E9quence, l\u2019exploration de micro- fissures ou de toute d\u00E9t\u00E9rioration pr\u00E9coce, par le suivi des propri\u00E9t\u00E9s acoustiques non lin\u00E9aires peut se r\u00E9v\u00E9ler un moyen tr\u00E8s efficace pour la d\u00E9termination et le contr\u00F4le non destructif des mat\u00E9riaux et des structures. Si sur le plan th\u00E9orique des efforts restent \u00E0 faire pour d\u00E9crire en d\u00E9tail la complexit\u00E9 des m\u00E9canismes mis en jeu, la mise en \u0153uvre exp\u00E9rimentale de ces m\u00E9thodes peut \u00EAtre tr\u00E8s simple et d\u2019une grande efficacit\u00E9 pour le Contr\u00F4le Non Destructif et diagnostiquer l'\u00E9tat des mat\u00E9riaux et des structures."@fr . . . . . . . . "La ac\u00FAstica no lineal (ANL) es una rama de la ac\u00FAstica que estudia las propiedades de las ondas de sonido de grandes amplitudes. Estas amplitudes requieren sistemas completos de las ecuaciones de la din\u00E1mica de fluidos \u2014en l\u00EDquidos y gases\u2014 y elasticidad \u2014en s\u00F3lidos\u2014. Estas ecuaciones son generalmente no lineales, y no es posible su linealizaci\u00F3n tradicional. Sus soluciones muestran que, debido a los efectos de la no linealidad, las ondas de sonido son distorsionadas mientras se desplazan."@es . . . . "L'acustica non lineare \u00E8 una branca dell'acustica che studia i fenomeni dovuti ad un termine quadratico (non lineari) nell'equazione che descrive le onde sonore. La necessit\u00E0 di un modello non lineare deriva dal fatto che la velocit\u00E0 di propagazione di un'onda sonora \u00E8 funzione della pressione. In particolare, la velocit\u00E0 del suono aumenta con l'aumentare della pressione, quindi le onde di compressione si propagano a velocit\u00E0 maggiore delle onde di rarefazione, e questo effetto produce una distorsione della perturbazione che cresce con la profondit\u00E0 di penetrazione. Lo spettro dell'onda viene modificato con il manifestarsi di componenti armoniche successive. Per fare un esempio intuitivo, supponiamo di generare un'onda piana sinusoidale: durante la sua propagazione i picchi viaggeranno a una velocit\u00E0 pi\u00F9 elevata delle valli, producendo una distorsione del segnale che, da sinusoidale, tender\u00E0 ad un segnale di tipo dente di sega, generando quindi componenti armoniche originariamente non presenti. Questo fenomeno pertanto necessita di un modello fortemente non lineare per la propria descrizione, dal momento che non \u00E8 possibile spiegare la nascita di componenti in frequenza originariamente non presenti con un modello lineare. Matematicamente la non linearit\u00E0 \u00E8 esplicita nella presenza di un termine quadratico nell'equazione d'onda."@it . . . . "\u0397 \u03BC\u03B7 \u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B1\u03BA\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B1\u03C3\u03C7\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5\u03BB\u03AD\u03C4\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03B4\u03BF\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C5\u03C8\u03B7\u03BB\u03AE\u03C2 \u03AD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03C9\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03B7\u03C7\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03BA\u03C5\u03BC\u03AC\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD, \u03C4\u03B1 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B3\u03AC\u03BB\u03B1 \u03C0\u03BB\u03AC\u03C4\u03B7 \u03B1\u03BA\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C0\u03AF\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF \u03BC\u03AE\u03BA\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BA\u03CD\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2. \u03A0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03B4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C6\u03B1\u03B9\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B5\u03C6\u03B1\u03C1\u03BC\u03BF\u03B3\u03CE\u03BD \u03BC\u03B7 \u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BA\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD \u03B7 \u03B7\u03C7\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03AD\u03BA\u03C1\u03B7\u03BE\u03B7 (sonic boom) \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u03C4\u03B7 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C3\u03C0\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C6\u03C1\u03AC\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03AE\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5 (\u03BA\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BA\u03CD\u03BC\u03B1), \u03B7 \u03B1\u03BA\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B1\u03B9\u03CE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7, \u03B7 \u03B7\u03C7\u03BF\u03C6\u03C9\u03C4\u03B1\u03CD\u03B3\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1 (sonoluminescence), \u03B7 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03B4\u03BF\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C5\u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03AE\u03C7\u03C9\u03BD \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03BB\u03AE\u03C8\u03B7 \u03C5\u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7\u03C7\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03B7\u03BC\u03AC\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B5\u03BE\u03B1\u03B3\u03C9\u03B3\u03AE \u03BC\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C6\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03B5\u03BB\u03AD\u03B3\u03C7\u03C9\u03BD, \u03BA\u03C4\u03BB. \u0397 \u03B3\u03B5\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BC\u03BF\u03C1\u03C6\u03AE \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03C5\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B5\u03BE\u03AF\u03C3\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BB\u03B1\u03BC\u03B2\u03AC\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B7 \u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03AD\u03C9\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B4\u03B5\u03CD\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03AC\u03BE\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B3\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE \u03C9\u03C2 \u03B5\u03BE\u03AF\u03C3\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7 Westervelt \u03CC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B1\u03BA\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C0\u03AF\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7, \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03C4\u03B1\u03C7\u03CD\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03AE\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03BA\u03CD\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD \u03C0\u03BB\u03AC\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2, \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B7\u03C7\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C7\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 (sound diffusivity), \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B7 \u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03C0\u03C5\u03BA\u03BD\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B7\u03C1\u03B5\u03BC\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BC\u03AD\u03C3\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03B4\u03BF\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2. \u0397 \u03B7\u03C7\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C7\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 (sound diffusivity) \u03B9\u03C3\u03BF\u03CD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B5: \u03CC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03BC\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03B9\u03BE\u03CE\u03B4\u03B5\u03C2 (shear viscosity), \u03C4\u03BF \u03B9\u03BE\u03CE\u03B4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03CC\u03B3\u03BA\u03BF\u03C5 (bulk viscosity), \u03B7 \u03B8\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B1\u03B3\u03C9\u03B3\u03B9\u03BC\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B8\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C5\u03C0\u03CC \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03B8\u03B5\u03C1\u03CC \u03CC\u03B3\u03BA\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03AF\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7, \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03AF\u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03B9\u03C7\u03B1."@el . "L'acustica non lineare \u00E8 una branca dell'acustica che studia i fenomeni dovuti ad un termine quadratico (non lineari) nell'equazione che descrive le onde sonore. La necessit\u00E0 di un modello non lineare deriva dal fatto che la velocit\u00E0 di propagazione di un'onda sonora \u00E8 funzione della pressione. In particolare, la velocit\u00E0 del suono aumenta con l'aumentare della pressione, quindi le onde di compressione si propagano a velocit\u00E0 maggiore delle onde di rarefazione, e questo effetto produce una distorsione della perturbazione che cresce con la profondit\u00E0 di penetrazione. Lo spettro dell'onda viene modificato con il manifestarsi di componenti armoniche successive."@it . . . . . "Nonlinear acoustics (NLA) is a branch of physics and acoustics dealing with sound waves of sufficiently large amplitudes. Large amplitudes require using full systems of governing equations of fluid dynamics (for sound waves in liquids and gases) and elasticity (for sound waves in solids). These equations are generally nonlinear, and their traditional linearization is no longer possible. The solutions of these equations show that, due to the effects of nonlinearity, sound waves are being distorted as they travel."@en . . . . . . . "1117025937"^^ . "8890983"^^ . . . . . "La ac\u00FAstica no lineal (ANL) es una rama de la ac\u00FAstica que estudia las propiedades de las ondas de sonido de grandes amplitudes. Estas amplitudes requieren sistemas completos de las ecuaciones de la din\u00E1mica de fluidos \u2014en l\u00EDquidos y gases\u2014 y elasticidad \u2014en s\u00F3lidos\u2014. Estas ecuaciones son generalmente no lineales, y no es posible su linealizaci\u00F3n tradicional. Sus soluciones muestran que, debido a los efectos de la no linealidad, las ondas de sonido son distorsionadas mientras se desplazan."@es . "\u975E\u7EBF\u6027\u58F0\u5B66"@zh . "Nonlinear acoustics"@en . . . "\u975E\u7EBF\u6027\u58F0\u5B66\u4E0E\u76F8\u5BF9\uFF0C\u7814\u7A76\u7684\u662F\u58F0\u6CE2\u5728\u8FD0\u52A8\u975E\u7EBF\u6027\u548C\u4ECB\u8D28\u975E\u7EBF\u6027\u65E0\u6CD5\u5FFD\u7565\u7684\u60C5\u51B5\u4E0B\u7684\u58F0\u5B66\u73B0\u8C61\u3002\u5728\u975E\u7EBF\u6027\u58F0\u5B66\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4F1A\u51FA\u73B0\u8BB8\u591A\u65B0\u73B0\u8C61\u3002 \n* \u6CE2\u5F62\u53D8\u5316\uFF1A\u58F0\u6CE2\u7684\u6CE2\u901F\u4E0E\u4ECB\u8D28\u538B\u529B\u6709\u5173\uFF0C\u5F53\u4ECB\u8D28\u5904\u4E8E\u9AD8\u901F\u8FD0\u52A8\u4E2D\u65F6\uFF0C\u4ECB\u8D28\u538B\u529B\u5206\u5E03\u7684\u975E\u7EBF\u6027\u65E0\u6CD5\u5FFD\u7565\u3002\u5728\u4ECB\u8D28\u538B\u529B\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5730\u65B9\uFF0C\u8D28\u70B9\u8FD0\u52A8\u901F\u5EA6\u4E5F\u6700\u5FEB\u3002\u58F0\u538B\u7684\u6CE2\u5F62\u4F1A\u56E0\u6B64\u7531\u6B63\u5F26\u578B\u6F14\u5316\u4E3A\u952F\u9F7F\u578B\u3002\u4F46\u662F\u6B64\u65F6\u53C8\u51FA\u73B0\u4E86\u9AD8\u6B21\u8C10\u6CE2\uFF0C\u9AD8\u6B21\u8C10\u6CE2\u5F88\u5FEB\u53C8\u8870\u51CF\u4E3A\u6B63\u5F26\u6CE2\u3002 \n* \u53E0\u52A0\u539F\u7406\u5931\u6548\uFF1A\u5F53\u58F0\u6CE2\u5728\u975E\u7EBF\u6027\u6761\u4EF6\u4E0B\u4F20\u64AD\u65F6\uFF0C\u4F1A\u4EA7\u751F\u8C10\u6CE2\u3001\u5206\u9891\u6CE2\u3001\u5DEE\u9891\u6CE2\u3001\u548C\u9891\u6CE2\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4E9B\u6CE2\u7684\u5B58\u5728\u4F7F\u6CE2\u7684\u53E0\u52A0\u539F\u7406\u5931\u6548\u3002"@zh . . "Acoustique non lin\u00E9aire"@fr . . "Acustica non lineare"@it . . . . . . .